Thesis (M.S.)--University of Louisville, 1973. / Typescript (Xerox copy). Department of Oral Biology. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 87-100).

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Louisville, 1973. / Typescript (Xerox copy). Department of Oral Biology. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 87-100).

This investigation was undertaken to further the work of Wagner who isolated coniferyl aldehyde by the treatment of wood with stannous chloride. An attempt has been made to determine whether or not coniferyl aldehyde can be obtained by the action of stannous chloride on two different lignin preparations, and thus answer the question as to whether Wagner’s coniferyl aldehyde came from the lignin of the wood or existed free in the wood. 1. It is unlikely that white pine lignin will yield coniferyl aldehyde when isolated and treated with stannous chloride according to the methods described in this investigation. 2. It is probable that Wagner’s coniferyl aldehyde existed free in the wood. / M.S.

Visto que o esmalte erodido é mais susceptível ao desgaste pela abrasão por escovação, e considerando que os fluoretos (F), ou a combinação de fluoretos com o estanho (F+Sn), promove precipitados que são relativamente resistentes à escovação, o objetivo desse estudo foi o avaliar se o uso de enxaguatórios bucais fluoretados, contendo ou não estanho, previamente à escovação poderia reduzir a magnitude do desgaste do esmalte erodido. Adicionalmente, buscou-se verificar se o armazenamento em saliva artificial antes dos tratamentos influenciaria a perda de superfície do esmalte erodido. Cento e quarenta espécimes de esmalte (com 4mmx4mmx2mm) foram obtidos de incisivos bovinos, incluídos em resina acrílica, planificados, polidos e aleatoriamente alocados em 14 grupos experimentais (n=10), de acordo com os seguintes tratamentos, os quais foram aplicados imediatamente ou 30min após a erosão: controle- escovação com saliva artificial; E(F)- escovação com dentifrício F (1400 ppm F, como AmF); E+B(F)- escovação com o dentifrício F seguido de bochecho com um enxaguatório F (250 ppm F, como AmF e NaF); B+E(F)- bochecho com enxaguatório F seguido de escovação com dentifrício F; E(F+Sn)- escovação com dentifrício F+Sn (1400 ppm F, como AmF e NaF + 3500 ppm Sn, como SnCl2); E+B(F+Sn)- escovação com dentifrício F+Sn seguido de bochecho com enxaguatório F+Sn (500 ppm F, como AmF e NaF + 800 ppm Sn, como SnCl2); B+E(F+Sn)- bochecho com enxaguatório F+Sn seguido de escovação com dentifrício F+Sn. Os tratamentos foram testados em um modelo de erosão-abrasão, que consistia de 2min de imersão em solução de ácido cítrico a 0,3%, seguido de 60min de exposição a saliva artificial. Esse procedimento foi repetido 4x/dia, por 5 dias. Os tratamentos foram realizados imediatamente ou 30min após o primeiro e o último desafios erosivos. A escovação foi conduzida com escova elétrica, por 15s, com um período total de exposição à suspensão dentifrício/saliva artificial (1:3) de 2min. A exposição aos enxaguatórios foi feita por 30s. Ao final, a perda de superfície (PS, em ?m) foi determinada com um perfilômetro ótico. Os dados foram estatisticamente analisados (?=0,05). Para os grupos com exposição à saliva antes dos tratamentos, a menor PS foi observada para B+E(F) e B+E(F+Sn), que obtiveram uma diferença significativa em relação ao controle, porém não em relação a E+B(F) e E+B(F+Sn). E+B(F), E+B(F+Sn) e os outros grupos não diferiram significativamente em relação ao controle. Para os grupos sem exposição à saliva, a menor PS foi observada para B+E(F) e B+E(F+Sn), sendo significativamente diferente do controle. Todos os outros grupos não exibiram PS diferente do controle. Para B+E(NaF), a menor PS foi observada na condição sem exposição à saliva antes dos tratamentos, e para E+B(Sn), a menor PS foi observada com exposição à saliva. Não houve diferença entre exposição ou não à saliva para os outros grupos. Conclui-se que, tanto para F como para F+Sn, o uso do enxaguatório antes da escovação foi capaz de reduzir o desgaste do esmalte erodido. A exposição à saliva antes da escovação somente mostrou um efeito benéfico para F+Sn quando a escovação foi realizada antes do enxaguatório. A combinação de F+Sn não apresentou resultado superior ao uso de apenas F. / Considering that the eroded enamel is more susceptible to be wear off by toothbrushing abrasion, and that fluoride, or the combination between fluoride and stannous, would induce precipitates that are relatively resistant to toothbrushing, the objective of this study was to evaluate whether the use of fluoridated oral rinses, containing or not stannous, could reduce the magnitude of wear of the eroded enamel. In addition, it sought to verify if storage in artificial saliva before treatments would influence the loss of the eroded enamel. One hundred and forty enamel specimens (with 4mmx4mmx2mm) were cut from bovine incisors, embedded in acrylic resin, flattened, polished, and randomly allocated into 14 experimental groups (n=10), according to the following treatments, which were applied immediately or 30min after erosion: control- toothbrushing with artificial saliva; E(F)- toothbrushing with F dentifrice (1400 ppm F, as AmF); E+B(F)- toothbrushing with F dentifrice, followed by rinse with F solution (250 ppm F, as AmF and NaF); B+E(F)- rinse with F solution, followed by toothbrushing with F dentifrice; E(F+Sn)- toothbrushing with F+Sn dentifrice (1400 ppm F, as AmF and NaF + 3500 ppm Sn, as SnCl2); E+B(F+Sn)- toothbrushing with F+Sn dentifrice, followed by rinse with F+Sn solution (500 ppm F, as AmF and NaF + 800 ppm Sn, as SnCl2); B+E(F+Sn)- rinse with F+Sn solution, followed by toothbrushing with F+Sn dentifrice. The treatments were tested in an erosion-abrasion model, consisting of 2min immersion in 0.3% citric acid solution, followed by 60min exposure to artificial saliva. This procedure was repeated 4x/day, for 5 days. The treatments were performed immediately or 30min after the first and the last erosive challenges. Toothbrushing was performed with electric toothbrushes, for 15s, with a total exposure time to the dentifrice slurries (1:3) of 2 min. Exposure to the rinse solutions were performed for 30s. At the end of cycling, enamel surface loss (SL, in ?m) was measured by optical profilometry. Data were statiscally analyzed (?=0.05). For the groups with saliva exposure before treatments, the lowest SL was observed for B+E(F) and B+E(F+Sn), which were significantly different when compared to the control, but not in relation to E+B(F) and E+B(F+Sn). E+B(F), E+B(F+Sn) and the other groups did not significantly differ from the control. For the groups without saliva exposure, the lowest SL was observed for B+E(F) and B+E(F+Sn), being significantly different from the control. The other groups did not exhibit SL different from the control. For B+E(NaF), the lowest SL was observed without saliva exposure, and for +B(Sn), the lowest SL was observed with saliva exposure. There was no significantly difference between the conditions of exposure or not to saliva for the other groups. It was concluded that, either for F as for F+Sn, rinsing with a fluoridated solution before toothbrushing was able to reduce the wear of the eroded enamel. Saliva exposure before toothbrushing showed a positive effect only for F+Sn when toothbrushing was performed before the rinse. The combination of F+Sn did not present superior results to the use of only F.

abstract: Mineral weathering and industrial activities cause elevated concentration of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) in groundwater, and this poses potential health concern (>10 ppb) to southwestern USA. The conversion of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) – a fairly soluble and non-toxic form at typical pH of groundwater is an effective method to control the mobility and carcinogenic effects of Cr(VI). In-situ chemical reduction using SnCl2 was investigated to initiate this redox process using jar testing with buffered ultrapure water and native Arizona groundwater spiked with varying Cr(VI) concentrations. Cr(VI) transformation by SnCl2 is super rapid (<60 seconds) and depends upon the molar dosage of Sn(II) to Cr(VI). Cr(VI) removal improved significantly at higher pH while was independent on Cr(VI) initial concentration and dissolved oxygen (DO) level. Co-existing oxyanions (As and W) competed with Cr(VI) for SnCl2 oxidation and adsorption sites of formed precipitates, thus resulted in lower Cr(VI) removal in the challenge water. SnCl2 reagent grade and commercial grade behaved similarly when freshly prepared, but the reducing strength of the commercial product decreased by 50% over a week after exposing to atmosphere. Equilibrium modeling with Visual MINTEQ suggested redox potential < 400 mV to reach Cr(VI) treatment goal of 10 ppb. Kinetics of Cr(VI) reduction was simulated via the rate expression: r=-k[H+]-0.25[Sn2+]0.5[Cr2O72-]3 with k = 0.146 uM-2.25s-1, which correlated consistently with experimental data under different pH and SnCl2 doses. These results proved SnCl2 reductive treatment is a simple and highly effective method to treat Cr(VI) in groundwater. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Civil, Environmental and Sustainable Engineering 2019

Visto que o esmalte erodido é mais susceptível ao desgaste pela abrasão por escovação, e considerando que os fluoretos (F), ou a combinação de fluoretos com o estanho (F+Sn), promove precipitados que são relativamente resistentes à escovação, o objetivo desse estudo foi o avaliar se o uso de enxaguatórios bucais fluoretados, contendo ou não estanho, previamente à escovação poderia reduzir a magnitude do desgaste do esmalte erodido. Adicionalmente, buscou-se verificar se o armazenamento em saliva artificial antes dos tratamentos influenciaria a perda de superfície do esmalte erodido. Cento e quarenta espécimes de esmalte (com 4mmx4mmx2mm) foram obtidos de incisivos bovinos, incluídos em resina acrílica, planificados, polidos e aleatoriamente alocados em 14 grupos experimentais (n=10), de acordo com os seguintes tratamentos, os quais foram aplicados imediatamente ou 30min após a erosão: controle- escovação com saliva artificial; E(F)- escovação com dentifrício F (1400 ppm F, como AmF); E+B(F)- escovação com o dentifrício F seguido de bochecho com um enxaguatório F (250 ppm F, como AmF e NaF); B+E(F)- bochecho com enxaguatório F seguido de escovação com dentifrício F; E(F+Sn)- escovação com dentifrício F+Sn (1400 ppm F, como AmF e NaF + 3500 ppm Sn, como SnCl2); E+B(F+Sn)- escovação com dentifrício F+Sn seguido de bochecho com enxaguatório F+Sn (500 ppm F, como AmF e NaF + 800 ppm Sn, como SnCl2); B+E(F+Sn)- bochecho com enxaguatório F+Sn seguido de escovação com dentifrício F+Sn. Os tratamentos foram testados em um modelo de erosão-abrasão, que consistia de 2min de imersão em solução de ácido cítrico a 0,3%, seguido de 60min de exposição a saliva artificial. Esse procedimento foi repetido 4x/dia, por 5 dias. Os tratamentos foram realizados imediatamente ou 30min após o primeiro e o último desafios erosivos. A escovação foi conduzida com escova elétrica, por 15s, com um período total de exposição à suspensão dentifrício/saliva artificial (1:3) de 2min. A exposição aos enxaguatórios foi feita por 30s. Ao final, a perda de superfície (PS, em ?m) foi determinada com um perfilômetro ótico. Os dados foram estatisticamente analisados (?=0,05). Para os grupos com exposição à saliva antes dos tratamentos, a menor PS foi observada para B+E(F) e B+E(F+Sn), que obtiveram uma diferença significativa em relação ao controle, porém não em relação a E+B(F) e E+B(F+Sn). E+B(F), E+B(F+Sn) e os outros grupos não diferiram significativamente em relação ao controle. Para os grupos sem exposição à saliva, a menor PS foi observada para B+E(F) e B+E(F+Sn), sendo significativamente diferente do controle. Todos os outros grupos não exibiram PS diferente do controle. Para B+E(NaF), a menor PS foi observada na condição sem exposição à saliva antes dos tratamentos, e para E+B(Sn), a menor PS foi observada com exposição à saliva. Não houve diferença entre exposição ou não à saliva para os outros grupos. Conclui-se que, tanto para F como para F+Sn, o uso do enxaguatório antes da escovação foi capaz de reduzir o desgaste do esmalte erodido. A exposição à saliva antes da escovação somente mostrou um efeito benéfico para F+Sn quando a escovação foi realizada antes do enxaguatório. A combinação de F+Sn não apresentou resultado superior ao uso de apenas F. / Considering that the eroded enamel is more susceptible to be wear off by toothbrushing abrasion, and that fluoride, or the combination between fluoride and stannous, would induce precipitates that are relatively resistant to toothbrushing, the objective of this study was to evaluate whether the use of fluoridated oral rinses, containing or not stannous, could reduce the magnitude of wear of the eroded enamel. In addition, it sought to verify if storage in artificial saliva before treatments would influence the loss of the eroded enamel. One hundred and forty enamel specimens (with 4mmx4mmx2mm) were cut from bovine incisors, embedded in acrylic resin, flattened, polished, and randomly allocated into 14 experimental groups (n=10), according to the following treatments, which were applied immediately or 30min after erosion: control- toothbrushing with artificial saliva; E(F)- toothbrushing with F dentifrice (1400 ppm F, as AmF); E+B(F)- toothbrushing with F dentifrice, followed by rinse with F solution (250 ppm F, as AmF and NaF); B+E(F)- rinse with F solution, followed by toothbrushing with F dentifrice; E(F+Sn)- toothbrushing with F+Sn dentifrice (1400 ppm F, as AmF and NaF + 3500 ppm Sn, as SnCl2); E+B(F+Sn)- toothbrushing with F+Sn dentifrice, followed by rinse with F+Sn solution (500 ppm F, as AmF and NaF + 800 ppm Sn, as SnCl2); B+E(F+Sn)- rinse with F+Sn solution, followed by toothbrushing with F+Sn dentifrice. The treatments were tested in an erosion-abrasion model, consisting of 2min immersion in 0.3% citric acid solution, followed by 60min exposure to artificial saliva. This procedure was repeated 4x/day, for 5 days. The treatments were performed immediately or 30min after the first and the last erosive challenges. Toothbrushing was performed with electric toothbrushes, for 15s, with a total exposure time to the dentifrice slurries (1:3) of 2 min. Exposure to the rinse solutions were performed for 30s. At the end of cycling, enamel surface loss (SL, in ?m) was measured by optical profilometry. Data were statiscally analyzed (?=0.05). For the groups with saliva exposure before treatments, the lowest SL was observed for B+E(F) and B+E(F+Sn), which were significantly different when compared to the control, but not in relation to E+B(F) and E+B(F+Sn). E+B(F), E+B(F+Sn) and the other groups did not significantly differ from the control. For the groups without saliva exposure, the lowest SL was observed for B+E(F) and B+E(F+Sn), being significantly different from the control. The other groups did not exhibit SL different from the control. For B+E(NaF), the lowest SL was observed without saliva exposure, and for +B(Sn), the lowest SL was observed with saliva exposure. There was no significantly difference between the conditions of exposure or not to saliva for the other groups. It was concluded that, either for F as for F+Sn, rinsing with a fluoridated solution before toothbrushing was able to reduce the wear of the eroded enamel. Saliva exposure before toothbrushing showed a positive effect only for F+Sn when toothbrushing was performed before the rinse. The combination of F+Sn did not present superior results to the use of only F.

Chapter I: Statement of the Problem The purpose of this investigation was to determine to what extent the reaction between stannous and arsenate ions in silicic acid gels is influenced by temperature. This was to be done by observing (1) the rate of crystal growth; and (2) the appearance of the crystal growth in sets of gels identical in composition but kept at different temperatures throughout the process of crystal growth.

Ziel: Diese Studie vergleicht die erosionsprotektiven Eigenschaften verschiedener Fluorid- und/oder Zinnlösungen bei unterschiedlichen pH-Werten. Es wird untersucht, ob fluorid- und/oder zinnhaltige Lösungen im sauren Milieu besser vor Erosionen schützen. Methoden: Hierfür wurden die Monosubstanzen Aminfluorid, Natriummono-fluorphosphat, Natriumfluorid, Zinnfluorid und Zinnchlorid bei einer Fluoridkonzentration von 500 ppm in vitro adjustiert auf die pH-Werte 4,5; 5,5 und 6,5 und in situ adjustiert auf den pH-Wert 4,5 untersucht. In einem In-vitro-Vorversuch wurden die Testlösungen zunächst bei den pH-Werten 4,5-6,5 gescreent. Der In-situ-Hauptversuch wurde mit dem wirksamsten pH-Wert 4,5 durchgeführt. Zur In-situ-Pellikelbildung wurden individuelle Schienen mit je 6 Prüfkörpern von 6 Proband*innen für 30 min oral inkubiert. Nach 1 min wurde für 60 s mit einer Lösung des pH-Wertes 4,5 gespült. Native und mit In-vitro- bzw. In-situ-Pellikel bedeckte Plättchen dienen als Kontrolle. Die Prüfkörper wurden für 120 s in HCl (pH 2,0; 2,3 und 3,0) inkubiert. Die Kalzium- und Phosphatfreisetzungen wurden photometrisch bestimmt (Arsenazo-III- und Malachitgrün-Methode). Ergebnisse: Alle Spüllösungen reduzieren die Mineralfreisetzung aus den Schmelzprüfkörpern verglichen mit der nativen Kontrolle. Im Vergleich zur In-vitro- und In-situ-Pellikel wird die Mineralfreisetzung durch die Monosubstanzen jedoch nicht vermindert. Die Kalzium- und Phosphatfreisetzungen aus den In-situ-Prüfkörpern sind geringfügig niedriger als aus den Proben der In-vitro-Versuchsreihe. Die Monosubstanzen des pH-Wertes 4,5 konnten die Kalzium- und Phosphatfreisetzung in vitro stärker reduzieren als die Lösungen der pH-Werte 5,5 oder 6,5. Der Erosionsschutz von Fluorid- und/oder Zinnlösungen wird im sauren Milieu verbessert. Zinnfluorid reduziert die Mineralfreisetzung in vitro und in situ am stärksten. Die erosionsprotektiven Eigenschaften von Zinnchlorid sind gleichwertig mit denen der konventionellen Lösungen Aminfluorid, Natriummonofluorphosphat und Natriumfluorid. Schlussfolgerungen: Fluorid- und Zinnionen interagieren im sauren Milieu stärker mit der Zahnoberfläche als bei neutraleren pH-Werten – der resultierende protektive Effekt ist somit ausgeprägter. Ein wichtiger Co-Faktor dabei sind die Zinnionen. Die In-situ-Pellikel bietet einen besseren Schutz vor Erosionen als die In-vitro-Pellikel. Daher sind In-situ-Versuche den In-vitro-Versuchen vorzuziehen. / Objective: The distinctive aspect of this study was to ascertain the erosion protective properties of various fluoride and/or stannous solutions at different pH values. The aim was to investigate whether fluoride- and/or tin-containing solutions provide better protection against erosion than solutions with higher pH values. Methods: In an in vitro experiment, amine fluoride, sodium monofluorophosphate, sodium fluoride, stannous fluoride, and stannous chloride at fluoride concentrations of 500 ppm were initially screened and pH values of 4.5; 5.5 and 6.5. The in situ main experiment was conducted at the most effective pH value of 4.5. Individual trays with 6 test specimens for six participants were orally incubated for 30 minutes. After 1 minute, a 60-second rinse was performed with a test solution at pH 4.5. Native and in vitro- or in situ-covered specimens were used as controls. The test specimens were then incubated in HCl (pH 2.0, 2.3, and 3.0) for 120 seconds, and calcium and phosphate release was determined photometrically using the Arsenazo III and Malachite Green methods. Results: All rinsing solutions reduced mineral loss from the enamel test specimens compared to the native control. However, the monosubstances did not significantly reduce mineral loss compared to the in vitro or in situ pellicles. The calcium and phosphate releases from the in situ specimens were slightly lower than those from the in vitro series. The fluoride substances at pH 4.5 exhibited a stronger reduction in calcium and phosphate release in vitro compared to solutions at pH values of 5.5 or 6.5. The erosion protective properties of fluoride and/or stannous solutions were enhanced in an acidic environment. Among all substances, stannous fluoride exhibited the greatest reduction in mineral release both in vitro and in situ. The erosion protection of stannous chloride was comparable to the protection offered by amine fluoride, sodium monofluorophosphate, and sodium fluoride solutions. Conclusions: Fluoride and tin ions interact more strongly with the tooth surface in an acidic environment compared to more neutral pH values, resulting in a more pronounced protective effect. Stannous ions play an important role in this process. In situ pellicles offer better protection against erosions than in vitro pellicles. Therefore, in situ experiments are preferable to in vitro experiments.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O cloreto estanoso (SnCl2) e a radiação ultravioleta A (UVA) são agentes que lesam diversas estruturas celulares, inclusive o DNA, principalmente pela geração de espécies reativas de oxigênio. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a mutagênese e o reparo das lesões produzidas pela combinação do UVA, na condição de préiluminação, com o SnCl2. Avaliou-se a ação de enzimas do reparo por excisão de bases (BER), em Escherichia coli (E. coli), por eletroforese em gel alcalino de agarose e sobrevivência bacteriana. Também se estudou a indução do sistema SoxRS pelo cromoteste, e a mutagênese pelo teste de Ames. De acordo com os resultados: i) o UVA induziu quebras no DNA das cepas testadas e os mutantes fpgnfo e fpg apresentaram maior retardo no reparo das lesões; ii) o SnCl2 induziu mais quebras que o UVA e os mutantes nfo e fpg mostraram maior dificuldade em reparar as lesões; iii) o UVA+SnCl2 provocou mais quebras que o SnCl2 e os mutantes nfo e fpg também apresentaram maior lentidão no reparo das lesões; iv) o UVA não inativou as cepas testadas; v) as cepas nfo e fpg foram as mais sensíveis ao SnCl2; vi) o UVA+SnCl2 provocou maior letalidade em todas as cepas testadas, em relação ao SnCl2, e os mutantes nfo e fpg também foram os mais sensíveis ao tratamento com ambos os agentes; vii) a transformação dos mutantes nfo com o plasmídio pBW21 (nfo+) e dos mutantes fpg com o plasmídio pFPG (fpg+) aumentou a sobrevivência das cepas aos tratamentos com SnCl2 e UVA+SnCl2; viii) o SnCl2 induziu o sistema SoxRS; ix) o SnCl2, UVA e UVA+SnCl2 não induziram mutagênese; x) o reparo das lesões parece ser preferencialmente realizado pelas proteínas Fpg e Nfo. / Stannous chloride (SnCl2) and ultraviolet radiation A (UVA) are able to induce lesions in different cellular structures, including DNA, manly through ROS generation. The aim of this work was to study the mutagenesis and repair of lesions induced by the association of UVA (pre treatment) with SnCl2. It was evaluated the action of base excision repair (BER) enzymes in Escherichia coli (E. coli) by alkaline gel electrophoresis and bacterial survival. It was also evaluated the SoxRS system induction by chromotest and mutagenesis through the Ames test. According to the results: i) UVA induced DNA strand breaks in all strains and fpg-nfo and fpg mutants showed greater delay in the repair of lesions; ii) SnCl2 induced more breaks than UVA and nfo and fpg mutants showed more difficult to repair the damage; iii) UVA + SnCl2 caused more breaks than the SnCl2 and nfo and fpg mutants also showed a slowest repair of injuries; iv) UVA did not inactivate any bacterial strains tested; v) nfo and fpg strains were more sensitive to SnCl2; vi) UVA + SnCl2 caused higher mortality in all strains tested, when compared to SnCl2, and, again, nfo and fpg mutants were the most sensitives to the treatment with both agents; vii) the transformation of nfo mutant with the plasmid pBW21 (nfo+) and fpg mutants with plasmid pFPG (fpg+) increased the survival of the strains to SnCl2 and UVA + SnCl2 treatments; viii) SnCl2 was able to induce SoxRS system; ix) SnCl2, UVA + SnCl2 and UVA did not induce mutagenesis; x) damage repair seems to be preferentially performed by Fpg and Nfo proteins.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / As células dos seres vivos são constantemente ameaçadas por agentes químicos ou físicos que possam causar danos ao DNA. Um dos agentes deste estudo foi o cloreto estanoso (SnCl2), utilizado na medicina nuclear como redutor de um isótopo radioativo do tecnécio, o 99mTc. O SnCl2 é um agente cujo mecanismo de produção de lesões em estruturas celulares envolve a geração de espécies reativas de oxigênio (ERO), tais como o H2O2 e o radical OH. Essas ERO podem causar uma série de doenças, o envelhecimento e até mesmo a morte celular, por apoptose ou necrose. Sendo assim, torna-se importante a pesquisa sobre os efeitos biológicos, tanto desse sal, quanto das outras substâncias que compõem os radiofármacos utilizados em medicina nuclear. Desta forma, nosso objetivo geral foi avaliar a toxicidade do cloreto estanoso, associado, ou não, ao kit 99mTc-MDP, bem como dos demais componentes do kit, em diferentes sistemas biológicos. Eletroforese em gel alcalino de agarose em células de E. coli AB 1157 para a avaliação da genotoxicidade; Ensaio do Cometa em células de sangue total de ratos Wistar para estudar a genotoxicidade; Ensaio do Micronúcleo em células da medula óssea de ratos Wistar para verificar o potencial aneugênico e clastogênico; Ensaio Cometa em células de sangue total e em células mononucleares de sangue periférico humano para estudar a genotoxicidade; Ensaio de Viabilidade com Azul Trypan e citometria de fluxo para analisar a citotoxicidade em PBMC; Ensaio do Micronúcleo em linfócitos humanos para verificar o potencial aneugênico e clastogênico. Em cepas de E. coli AB1157, o SnCl2 e o MDP induziram quebras no DNA genômico, quando isolados; porém quando usados de forma associada, ocorreu uma atenuação do número de quebras. Em ratos Wistar, o 99mTc-MDP não foi genotóxico e também não induziu clastogênese ou aneugênese. Em Sangue total, in vitro, o SnCl2 apresentou efeito dose-resposta. Em PBMC, in vitro, o 99mTc-MDP causou redução da viabilidade celular e apresentou genotoxicidade, porém não induziu clastogênese e nem aneugênese. / Alive cells are constantly threated by chemical and physical agents that can generate DNA damage. Here, the studied agent was stannous chloride (SnCl2), a 99mTc reducing agent employed in nuclear medicine. This salt can produce lesions through generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as H2O2 and OH. These ROS can be the origin of several diseases and cell death by apoptosis or necrosis. In this way it is important the research about the biological effects of this salt and the other substances composing the radiopharmaceuticals used in nuclear medicine.The aim of this work was to evaluate, in different biological systems, the stannous chloride toxic potentiality, associated or not to 99mTc-MDP radiopharmaceutical as well as the other kit components. Alkaline electrophoresis agarosis gel of E. coli AB 1157 to evaluate the genotoxicity in prokariotic cells; Comet assay in Wistar rats total blood to evaluate the genotoxicity in eukaryotic cells; Micronucleous assay in Wistar rats bone marrow cells to verify the aneugenic and clastogenic effects; Comet assay in human in peripherical total blood and mononuclear cells to evaluate the genotoxicity; Trypan blue viability assay and flow cytometry to evaluate citotoxicity in PBMC; Micronucleous assay in human lymphocyte cells to verify the aneugenic and clastogenic effects; SnCl2 and MDP when isolated induced breaks in E. coli genomic DNA. But, when used in an associated way it was observed an atenuation of the breaks number. 99mTc-MDP was not genotoxic, clastogenic nor aneugenic in Wistar rats In ex vivo human total blood, SnCl2 presented a dose-response effect In ex vivo PBMC; 99mTc-MDP induced a cellular viability reduction and presented genotoxic but not clastogenic or aneugenic effects.