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Variability in X-ray Line Ratios in Helium-Like Ions of Massive Stars: The Wind-Driven CaseIgnace, Richard, Damrau, Z., Hole, K. T. 01 May 2019 (has links)
Context. High spectral resolution and long exposure times are providing unprecedented levels of data quality of massive stars at X-ray wavelengths.
Aims. A key diagnostic of the X-ray emitting plasma are the fir lines for He-like triplets. In particular, owing to radiative pumping effects, the forbidden-to-intercombination line luminosity ratio, R = f∕i, can be used to determine the proximity of the hot plasma to the UV-bright photospheres of massive stars. Moreover, the era of large observing programs additionally allows for investigation of line variability.
Methods. This contribution is the second to explore how variability in the line ratio can provide new diagnostic information about distributed X-rays in a massive star wind. We focus on wind integration for total line luminosities, taking account of radiative pumping and stellar occultation. While the case of a variable stellar radiation field was explored in the first paper, the effects of wind variability are emphasized in this work.
Results. We formulate an expression for the ratio of line luminosities f∕i that closely resembles the classic expression for the on-the-spot result. While there are many ways to drive variability in the line ratio, we use variable mass loss as an illustrative example for wind integration, particularly since this produces no variability for the on-the-spot case. The f∕i ratio can be significantly modulated owing to evolving wind properties. The extent of the variation depends on how the timescale for the wind flow compares to the timescale over which the line emissivities change.
Conclusions. While a variety of factors can ellicit variable line ratios, a time-varying mass-loss rate serves to demonstrate the range of amplitude and phased-dependent behavior in f∕i line ratios. Importantly, we evaluate how variable mass loss might bias measures of f∕i. For observational exposures that are less than the timescale of variable mass loss, biased measures (relative to the time-averaged wind) can result; if exposures are long, the f∕i ratio is reflective of the time-averaged spherical wind.
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Investigation of variable Ap Stars in TESS continuous viewing zonePapakonstantinou, Nikolaos January 2021 (has links)
No description available.
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Estudo multibanda do conteúdo estelar de regiões Hii do hemisfério sulPinheiro, Márcio do Carmo 29 October 2012 (has links)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / We present a multi-wavelength study of the stellar content of 11 optical/infrared Southern
Galactic Hii regions with 10 h < α(J2000) < −17 h and −65° < δ(J2000) < −35°.
Nine optical objects with no published or uncertain distances were examined in order to
identify their ionising sources and to determine their distances, whereas young stellar objects
(YSOs) and main sequence ionising stars were photometrically classified in the two
infrared clusters. We carried out optical spectroscopy and UBV photometry of the stellar
content of these Hii regions and obtained the distance of individual stars by spectroscopic
parallax. To avoid using a fixed value for the total-to-selective extinction ratio RV , the
reddening AV was determined directly by the colour-difference method. We classified as
types O or B 24 out of the 31 stars for which optical spectra were obtained. In particular,
we identified two new O stars in RCW98 and RCW99. The values for reddening obtained
correspond to a mean hRV i = 3.44, which is about 10% higher of the mean value found
for field stars over all directions of the Galaxy. For the Hii regions NGC3503, NGC6334,
RCW55, RCW87, RCW98 e RCW99, we obtained more precise distances calculated as
the median of the spectroscopic parallaxes obtained for two to six different stars in each
nebulae, with an internal dispersion of less than 5%. Among the objects more obscured
in the Norma region, we analysed the stellar content of the East part of the large complex
of Hii regions GAL331.5-00.1, which contains eight bright extended radio sources.
This study comprises the infrared clusters [DBS2003] 156 and [DBS2003] 157, respectively
associated to Hii regions GAL331.11-00.51 and GAL331.31-00.34. In order to isolate
the brightest 2MASS sources of their unresolved companions, we carried out JHK photometry
with resolution better than 2MASS data. 47 Near-infrared (NIR) sources with
Ks-band excess were identified following usual methods. Other 70 YSOs were also identified
by using Mid-IR on-line data of the GLIMPSE survey. The search for radial-velocity
measurements in the literature and the similarity between the stellar population explored
have indicated the two regions as physically associated. With the determination of the
spectroscopic parallaxes of four O-type and two B-type stars spread over the both clusters,
this hypothesis was verified. The parallaxes of these 6 stars returned very compatible
distances (hdhelioci = 3.30 ± 0.29 kpc). The Near- and Mid-IR counterparts of the IRAS
source 16085-5138 was found close to the field of [DBS2003] 157. This source has showed
typical colours of a Ultra-compact ii region (UCHii) and spectral index α = 3.6 between
2 and 25 μm, which is typical of YSOs immersed in protostellar envelopes. A lower limit
to the bolometric luminosity of the protostar embedded was computed as L = 7.7×103L⊙
(M = 10M⊙), which corresponds to a BO-B1 zero-age star. The cluster [DBS2003] 157
was found to be spread over all ∼4′ × 4′ region demarcated by a intense shell-like dust
emission, where a secondary massive star formation is going on, likely as a result of the
interaction between this dust and stellar winds. / Apresentamos aqui um estudo multibanda do conteúdo estelar de onze regiões Hii do Hemisfério sul com 10 h < α(J2000) < −17 h e −65◦ < δ(J2000) < −35◦. Em 9 objetos ópticos, com valores de distância discrepantes ou sem nenhuma determinação anterior
publicada, visamos identificar as fontes ionizantes e determinar suas distâncias, enquanto que, no estudo de dois outros objetos no infravermelho, buscamos não apenas identificar as fontes ionizantes, mas também objetos estelares jovens (YSOs) em seus campos. Nos primeiros, realizamos espectroscopia no óptico e fotometria UBV de seus conteúdos estelares e determinamos as distâncias das estrelas massivas por meio da paralaxe espectroscópica. A fim de evitar o uso de um valor fixo para a razão entre a extinção total e a seletiva à banda V , RV , a extinção AV na direção de cada estrela foi determinada diretamente através no método das diferenças de cor. De um total de 31 estrelas espectroscopicamente estudas, 24 foram classificadas como tipos O ou B, sendo duas novas estrelas tipo
O encontradas em RCW98 e RCW99. As estimativas de AV implicaram um valor médio de hRV i = 3.44. Este resultado supera em 10% o valor médio encontrado para estrelas de campo sobre todas as direções da Galáxia. Para as regiões Hii NGC3503, NGC6334, RCW55, RCW87, RCW98 e RCW99, distâncias mais precisas foram estimadas como o valor mediano da paralaxe espectroscópica de 2 a 6 diferentes estrelas ionizantes, resultando em uma dispersão interna menor que 5%. Dentre os objetos mais obscurecidos pela extinção interestelar da região de Norma, analisamos o conte´udo estelar da região leste do
grande complexo de regiões Hii brilhantes em radiofrequências GAL331.5-00.1. A área estudada engloba os aglomerados infravermelhos [DBS2003] 156 e [DBS2003] 157, respectivamente
associados às regiões Hii GAL331.11-00.51 e GAL331.31-00.34. Observações fotométricas nas bandas J, H e Ks, com mais alta resolução que a fotometria 2MASS, foram realizadas nas direções desses objetos, o que possibilitou isolar as fontes infravermelhas
mais brilhantes de estrelas companheiras não resolvidas e selecionar potenciais estrelas ionizantes para subsequente espectroscopia. 47 fontes com excesso de emissão
intrínseca na banda Ks, típico em YSOs, foram identificadas seguindo os métodos usuais de análise da fotometria no IR próximo (NIR). Outros 70 YSOs foram identificados no IR
médio (Mid-IR) usando dados do survey GLIMPSE. A pesquisa por medidas de velocidade radial na direção desses dois objetos e a semelhança das populações estelares indicou que as duas sub-regiões estudas deveriam estar fisicamente associadas. Esta hipótese foi reafirmada com a determinação da paralaxe espectroscópica de 4 estrelas tipo O e outras 2 tipo B nos dois aglomerados, que retornaram valores de distâncias heliocêntricas
bastante compatíveis (hdhelioci = 3.30 ± 0.29 kpc). A contrapartida nos NIR e Mid-IR da fonte IRAS 16085-5138 foi encontrada junto ao aglomerado [DBS2003] 157. Esta fonte
apresentou cores típicas de uma região Hii Ultracompacta (UCHii) e índice espectral entre 2 e 25 μm de α = 3.6, típico de YSO imerso em um envelope protoestelar. Um limite inferior para a luminosidade bolométrica da protoestrela embebida foi estimado em L = 7.7×103L⊙ (M = 10M⊙), o que corresponde a uma estrela de idade zero na faixa de BO-B1. O aglomerado [DBS2003] 157 mostrou-se estar espalhado sobre toda uma região
de ∼4′ ×4′, demarcada por intensa emissão de poeira quente e espacialmente distribuída como uma nuvem em forma de concha.
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