Conventional stereoscopic displays present a pair of stereoscopic images on a single and fixed image plane decoupled with the vergence and accommodation responses of the viewer. In consequence, these displays lack the capability of correctly rendering focus cues (i.e. accommodation and retinal blur) and may induce the discrepancy between accommodation and convergence. A number of visual artifacts associated with incorrect focus cues in stereoscopic displays have been reported, limiting the applicability of these displays for demanding applications and daily usage.In this dissertation, methods and apparatus for generating addressable focus cues in conventional stereoscopic displays are proposed. Focus cues can be addressed throughout a volumetric space, either through dynamically varying the focal distance of a display enabled by an active optical element or by multiplexing a stack of 2-D image planes. Optimal depth-weighted fusing functions are developed to fuse a number of discrete image planes into a seamless volumetric space with continuous and near-correct focus cues similar to the real world counterparts.The optical design, driving methodology, and prototype implementation of the addressable focus displays are presented and discussed. Experimental results demonstrate continuously addressable focus cues from infinity to as close as the near eye distance. Experiments to further evaluate the depth perception in the display prototype are conducted. Preliminary results suggest that the perceived distance and accommodative response of the viewer match with the addressable accommodation cues rendered by the display, approximating the real-world viewing condition.

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Les surfaces tactiles ayant connu un grand essor ces dernières années, le grand public les utilise quotidiennement pour de multiples tâches, telles que la consultation d'e-mail, la manipulation de photos, etc. En revanche, très peu d'applications 3D existent sur ces dispositifs, alors que de telles applications pourraient avoir un grand potentiel dans des domaines variés, telles que la culture, l'architecture, ou encore l'archéologie. La difficulté majeure pour ce type d'applications est d'interagir avec un espace défini en trois dimensions à partir d'une modalité d'interaction définie en deux dimensions. Les travaux effectués dans cette thèse explorent l'association entre surfaces tactiles et manipulation de contenu 3D pour le grand public. Les premières études ont été réalisées afin de comprendre comment l'utilisateur réagit pour manipuler un objet virtuel 3D avec une surface tactile sans lui imposer de techniques d'interaction particulières. De par les connaissances acquises sur les utilisateurs, les travaux suivants présentent l'élaboration de nouvelles techniques d'interaction ainsi que leur évaluation. / Since the emergence of tactile surfaces in recent years, the general public uses them every day for multiple tasks, such as checking email, photo manipulation, and so on. However, very few 3D applications on these devices exist, although such applications may have great potential in various fields, such as culture, architecture, or archeology. The major difficulty for such applications is to interact with a defined space in three dimensions from an interaction modality defined in two dimensions. Work in this thesis explores the association between tactile surfaces and manipulation of 3D content for the general public. The first studies were conducted to understand how the user tends to manipulate a 3D virtual object with a touch surface without imposing specific interaction techniques. Throughout knowledge gained by users, the following works are developing new interaction techniques and their evaluation.