Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1965. / Vita. Typescript. Abstracted in Dissertation abstracts, v. 25 (1965) no. 10, p. 6126-27. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--Wisconsin. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 124-134).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Aberdeen University, 2008. / Title from web page (viewed on Feb. 23, 2009). With: Natural disordered sequences in the amino terminal domain of nuclear receptors : lessons from the androgen and glucocorticoid receptors / Iain J. McEwan ... et al. Nuclear Receptor Signalling. 2007: 5. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1962. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 67-69).

A theoretical study of steroidal inhibitors of the enzymes Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase and Aromatase is presented. Both enzyme systems are of interest in the study of cancer, the latter being the final step in the biosynthesis of oestrogens which are involved in certain types of breast cancer. Two levels of theory are employed in the study, namely, Ab Initio and Semi Empirical methods. Structures and charges have been calculated using the MOPAC and GAUSSIAN programs and these have been used to model the efficacy of various inhibitors. The major tool in comparing these steroids has been the molecular electrostatic potential (MEP). Maps of the MEP and an analysis of the similarity between the MEP s of different molecules have led both to a method of assessing the activities of steroids as enzyme inhibitors and requirements for the electronic structure of the steroid binding sites within these enzymes. A molecular graphics display program has been developed to facilitate this work. It has been designed to make full use of the facilities available. The quality of the resulting display has improved greatly on what was previously available and has been of value in studies of large molecular systems. The program is written in VAX FORTRAN and uses the Graphics Kernel System (GKS) to produce graphical output and should be reasonably easy to transfer to other systems. Finally, to determine whether PM3 really is a significant advance on AM1, a comparison of the two semi empirical methods is presented. The calculated properties of steroid hormones are compared to those of both Ab Initio calculations and experimental determinations, allowing the quality of the semi empirical predictions to be assessed.

Thesis (MTech (Biomedical Technology))--Cape Technikon, Cape Town,1997 / The aims of this study were to measure: 1. Myometrial cells of menopausal uteri to establish whether they atrophy after the menopause. 2. Myometrial cells at different phases of the menstrual cycle to investigate the influences of oestrogen and progesterone during the cycle. 3. Myometrial cells in the fundus and lower uterine segment to establish whether they differ in size. 4. Myometrial cells of pregnant uteri to investigate the effect of the hormonal status of pregnant women on the size of myometrial cells. 5. Neoplastic cells of leiomyomas of the uterus to investigate whether these benign tumours behave in the same manner as myometrium or, because they are neoplastic, they react differently. A preliminary investigation was undertaken to establish the optimal methodology for this study to measure myometrial and leiomyoma nuclei in the uterus. The aims of this preliminary investigation were: 1. To test the reproducibility of measurements of myometrial and leiomyoma nuclei in transverse and cross section. 2. To test five histological staining methods to ascertain the best method for a morphometric study on uterine cells. 3. To find the minimum sample size of nuclei per section of myometrium or leiomyoma in order to yield statistically significant results. This preliminary study found that the Haematoxylin and Eosin stain gave the most statistically reproducible measurements. Subjective assessment of the five staining methods also found Haematoxylin and Eosin to be optimal. It was also found during the preliminary study that measuring the myometrial nuclei in cross rather than transverse section gave the most statistically reproducible measurements. It was also found that it was best to use an axial ratio criterion of 0,9 when measuring cross-sectioned myometrial nuclei. The optimum sample size per section was also investigated and it was found that measuring 100 nuclei was optimal. It was found that in the uteri used in this study there was no statistically significant decrease in nuclear size after the menopause. It was also found that there was no statistically significant difference in nuclear size during the different phases of the menstrual cycle. There was also no notable difference in nuclear size between nuclei in the fundus and lower segment of the uteri in this study. It was found that there was a significant increase in the size of nuclei in leiomyomas compared to the normal myometrial nuclei from the same patient. The myometrial nuclei from pregnant uteri were also significantly larger than those from non-gravid uteri.

It has been recorded that women respond to tricyclic antidepressives with a greater incidence of anticholinergic side effects than men do, particularly women taking an exogenous source of oestrogen. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence that ethinyl oestradiol and Premarin© had on the metabolism of a number of tricyclic antidepressives, and also the influence they had on the binding ability of microsomes to imipramine. Rat hepatocyctes and microsomes were used. Detection techniques used were High Pressure Liquid Chromatography and Spectrophotometry respectively. In addition to these studies, a study of the anticholinergic activity of Nomifensine, tricyclic antidepressives and their derivatives was performed on a rat jujenum. Results conclusively showed that ethinyl oestradiol had a marked influence on the metabolism of the tricyclic antidepressives studied. Premarin© had Iittle, if any influence. However, both ethinyl oestradiol and Premarin© affected the binding of microsomes to imipramine, but ethinyl oestradiol had the greater effect. The parent compound in each case exhibited a higher pAZ value. Results indicate that a possible explanation for the increased anticholinergic side effect is due to an inhibition of the metabolism of the tricyclic antidepressives by oestrogen.

No description available.

Young, middle-aged and old rat adrenal gland steroidogenesis was measured in isolated, superfused glands and in their subcellular fractions before and after adrenocorticotropic hormone treatment. In the latter experiment, five corticosteroids were extracted from six different subcellular fractions. Superfused glands initially produced relatively high glucocorticoid levels; thereafter, production decayed asymptotically. Steroidogenesis by young and middle-aged glands was maintained at least 1.5 to 2.5 hours before it decayed; old glands were 50% less active than younger ones and production decayed within one hour. High cholesterol and progesterone levels in certain old gland fractions were associated with correspondingly reduced 11-deoxycorticosterone and corticosterone. It is suggested that synthesis of these glucocorticoids from their accumulating precursors weakens with age.

Avian intestinal cytosoluble receptors for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ (1,25(OH)₂D₃) were subjected to limited trypsin digestion, endogenous proteolytic action, as well as carboxypeptidase treatment, and the physical and functional properties of the resulting discrete polypeptide fragments were identified and contrasted with the native 1,25(OH)₂D₃ receptor. Resultant fragments were followed by tracing either radioactive 1,25(OH)₂D₃ or by probing with anti-receptor monoclonal antibodies. Two differentially trypsin-sensitive effects on the 1,25(OH)₂D₃ receptor were noted when fragments were detected by their ability to bind 1,25(OH)₂[³H]D₃. Two hormone-bound fragments of 40 and 30 kDa were formed; neither bound to DNA-cellulose nor anti-receptor monoclonal antibodies. Immunoblot technology was used to show the disappearance of the 60 kDa receptor with increasing trypsin concentrations, paralleling the appearance of an immunoreactive 20 kDa fragment. The 20 kDa fragment did not bind hormone but was capable of interacting with DNA-cellulose in a fashion identical to that of the 60 kDa receptor. This fragment is likely the complementary fragment to the hormone-bound fragment of 40 kDa that is described above. In contrast to the exogeneous effect of trypsin, incubation of chick intestinal cytosol resulted in the time-dependent formation of an endogenous protease-derived fragment of 45 kDa. This species retained the hormone-binding site and the antibody determinant, but was devoid of DNA-binding activity. Moreover, it did not generate the trypsin-dependent 20 kDa fragment and therefore was derived from the opposite end of the receptor molecule. Carboxypeptidase treatment of the 1,25(OH)₂D₃ receptor produces a 56 kDa fragment which does not retain hormone, but which does bind to DNA-cellulose and monoclonal antibody. These combined data from various limited enzymatic cleavage studies of the receptor have facilitated the construction of a schematic model of the chick receptor in which the immunoreactive epitope is located between the N-terminal DNA-binding domain and the C-terminal hormone-binding domain. This map for the 1,25(OH)₂D₃ receptor protein is consistent with the general structure of steroid and thyroid hormone receptors and places the vitamin D hormone receptor in a class of macromolecules that are postulated to bind enhancer regions of responsive DNA and thereby control target gene transcription.