Ethnic discrimination has deep roots in Rwanda. For many dozens of years, Tutsis have been marked down as those whose task it is to rule the country and Hutus have been treated as those who have to submit to it. As time moved on, Hutu hatred had been growing steadily and resulted in coup d'état in 1959 and consequent persecutions of Tutsis. However, hidden grudge lingered on. The pretext for its revival was the RPF incursion into the country at the beginning of nineties. The invasion also became one of the major preconditions of the fastest genocide in history. This thesis aims to pinpoint actors with direct and also indirect influence, to specify their motives, to assess implications of their decisions and on the grounds of this all to divide them into groups of perpetrators, bystanders and rescuers. The identification of psychological aspects of Hutu perpetrators was made with intent to analyse the process of Us-Them thinking with its typical features and consequences and the process of dehumanization with particular emphasis on its linguistic forms. In connection with that, this thesis points out crucial importance of Rwandan media of hate which determined anti-Tutsi propaganda to a considerable extent.

UNIVERZITA KARLOVA V PRAZE 1. LÉKAŘSKÁ FAKULTA Studijní program: Specializace ve zdravotnictví N5345 Studijní obor: Intenzivní péče MIP 5345T024 Bc. Tereza Morávková Psychická podpora a komunikace s rodinou novorozence na ARO/JIP Psychological support and communication with family on newborn resuscitation, ICU DIPLOMOVÁ PRÁCE Vedoucí diplomové práce: PhDr. Alena Mellanová, CSc. Praha ABSTRACT This diploma thesis is theoretical and empirical, and focuses on emotional support and communication with parents of a newborn in a resuscitation department or ICU. It analyzes the approach that the medical staff has towards these parents, specifically psychological support in the form of sufficient and adequate communication. The theoretical section begins with the classification of newborns. Next the reasons for intensive and neonatal care for very premature babies are discussed. The following chapter contains an analysis of the psychological changes that the parents of a newborn in a resuscitation department or ICU may experience. This chapter describes the general characteristics of fear and anxiety. The next section describes the reasons, possible manifestations and consequences of this fear and anxiety experienced by the families. The next chapter sets out the principles of communication with a family in a...

Thesis title: Kinesiophobia in patients on renal dialysis therapy - questionnaire study. The aims of the thesis: To characterise the term kinesiophobia and to evaluate the dependence of the measure of fear of movement on sociodemographic and clinical variables with the use of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia questionnaire (TSK-CZ) in a group of respondents on renal dialysis therapy and a group of healthy respondents. Methods: To determine the dependence of the measure of kinesiophobia on selected variables, the TSK-CZ questionnaire was used in Fresenius Medical Care dialysis centres across towns in the Czech Republic. The reference group of individuals with no renal disease - healthy respondents - was addressed by means of the Survio.cz website. The research comprised a group of respondents on renal dialysis therapy (n = 135) and a group of healthy respondents (n = 135). The collected data was processed using statistical methods - descriptive statistics and data analysis (t-test, Chi-squared test, ANOVA, Spearman's correlation coefficient). After that, the data was transferred to tables and charts and was evaluated. Results: On the basis of the TSK-CZ questionnaire, a significant difference in the measure of fear of movement was found between the respondents on renal dialysis and the healthy ones...

The current study deals with the topic of partner relationships with a special focus on the fear of being single. Although it has been introduced still quite recently, it seems it can predict settling for less in relationships in sense of expressing interest in low-quality mates and lower likelihood of initiating the dissolution of a less satisfying relationship. The first part of this paper aims to explore phenomena of partner relationships and singlehood and to conduct a review of the current research on the topic of the fear of being single. The empirical research examines the association between fear of being single and demographic characteristics, personality traits (the Big Five model) and feelings of loneliness using the Fear of Being Single Scale (Spielmann et al. 2013), whose first Czech translation is introduced, the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (Hřebíčková & Urbánek, 2001) and the UCLA Loneliness Scale (Russel, 1993; Kumstátová, 2014). The study participants include 247 Czech adults. Women and involuntary singles reported significantly higher level of the fear of being single than men and voluntary singles respectively. Also the fear of being single proved to be significantly negatively correlated with Openness to Experience, Consciousness and Extraversion and significantly positively...

This work deals with the teaching of improvisation in basic art schools. It describes the contribution and signifikance of improvisation in the pupil's life, in his musical development. The aim of this work is to focus on the practical aspects of piano teaching, both from the pupil's point of view (pupil's musical needs, difficulties) and from the teacher's point of view. The work refutes the opinion that improvisation is conditioned by special, individual talent, but emphasizes that a suitable approach and methodology can develop improvisation in each student. The work also deals with some of the possible difficulties in learning to play the piano, and these are stress and tremor and musical dyslexia. Work connects both of these phenomena with the ability to improvise and shows how improvisation can have a positive effect on these learning difficulties. Another goal of this work is to map the current state of teaching improvisation in our basic art schools. For this purpose, a questionnaire was created addressing teachers throughout the Czech Republic. The aim of the questionnaire was to find out the state of teaching improvisation at basic art schools, the content of teaching improvisation, the individual time allowance of this teaching and the materials used to teach improvisation. The work...

The thesis deals with the concept of fear in space. Through a/r/tographic research, the author examines the concept and changes in its perception during the process of creating an artistic and pedagogical work. In the first part, the author documents theoretical and methodological framework of the research, designs the research proposal and defines terms related to it. In the second part, the author presents her own way of grasping the concept in the space and introduces the concepts that related with this topic. She researches the concept through the reflection of her own work, both artistic and then pedagogical. As part of her artistic work, the author acquaints the reader with the origin of the artwork and follow-up reflection, from which comes the creation of visual task. In the third part, she analyses the primary documents using three-phase coding and then creates concept maps from the obtained codes, which are used to visualize the display of research results. Interprets the data obtained from the research. In the fourth part, the author summarizes the results of research, answers research questions and evaluates the achievement of the research goal. From the results of the analysis of available documents and by comparing conceptual maps, she finds out whether the understanding of the...

This diploma thesis looks into the issues of death and dying. Based on a chosen work of fiction, it endeavours to remit the topic of fear of dying and concerns on the possibilities of how to deal with it from points of view of a dying person as well as that of an accompanying one. By using and connecting approaches used in sociology of literature and social work, it aims to appraise the benefit of reading fiction on the given topic for social workers in their professional as well as personal life. The work of fiction therefore serves as an alternative receptive material. By its interpretation, a social worker or layman can gain a more profound knowledge of current social issues, which the last matters of a human unquestionably belong to.

This thesis focuses on matters of Reality TV that share a main element - fear. The theoretical part of the thesis first introduces the genre itself, its history and classification. Secondly, the team fear is defined and analysed as a phenomenon through literature overview of the term in sociology, anthropology, philosophy and psychology. The thesis also outlines how fear was depicted in arts throughout history. The practical part of the thesis starts with a description of the methodology of the research and its design. Afterwards there are introduced Reality TV shows about fear which are subjects of the thesis, followed by analysis of their form and style. The final part of the practical part of the thesis consists of a research report revealing results acquired by qualitative survey on the basis of a grounded theory method. .

This Master Thesis describes the Expérience Grand-Guignol project, consisting on the one hand of research of the texts preserved in the Parisian Theatre Grand-Guignol (1897 – 1963) and on the other hand of a graduation performance in Theatre DISK which staged four plays from the repertory of this famous theatre of horrors. The Expérience Grand-Guignol project explored in practice various approaches to the historical material of Grand-Guignol placed in a contemporary context. It examined limits of the genre and methods of staging favorable to the Grand-Guignol experience today. The thesis is structured in three parts. The first part presents the Grand-Guignol theatre phenomenon, its history and theory compiled from accessible literature. The second part is dedicated to a detailed preparation and realization of the project. It presents four performed shows, including the overall set design and storyline, which provides the frame for the cycle. The last part presents a short reflection on fear as an effect of a theatre performance, a summary of observations from the practical examination, and an evaluation of project.

For the nurse, taking care of hospitalized children is important not only pediatric nursing knowledge, personal and social preconditions, but also the theoretical and practical competency of methods and techniques, which are used for identification and effective influencing of pain and fear. The aim of this thesis was to identify the main sources of fear of the hospitalized preschool and young school age children and to find out the effective methods and principles of the cooperation with children, alternatively with their accompanying parents in order to moderate the fear of the small patient. Then the thesis tried to chart the nursing diagnostic and evaluation procedure of the pain and get the most used nursing methods of non-pharmacological pain relief. To obtain the necessary data, the qualitative research was used with a semi-structured interview as a research instrument. The first research group consisted of 12 nurses, the second group consisted of 12 children ´s patients of preschool and young school age. The majority of the asked nurses thinks, that children´s patients are afraid especially of non-familiar environment, then of the awaited pain and of the solitude without parents. However, the most patients said, that they were afraid especially of pain, then of non-familiar environment, restriction of their needs, hostile attitude of the medical staff and of the other neighbouring patients. They were also frightened of the death and of the darkness. Most reported nurses mean, that the most effective solution of the children ´s fear is the friendly attitude of the medics. They also mentioned the fact of taking the focus off the fear and the presence of the parents is also beneficial. The nurses ´ answers were in conformity with patients opinion in two fields - friendly attitude of the medics and taking the focus off the fear. Then the children mentioned abiding of their specifics in connection to falling asleep and the demand of beying treated by the same sister or by few same sisters. All respondents also talked about the benefit of parents presence. Regarding the principles of the cooperation, nurses answered the importance of united medical procedures, especially the proper way of information transfer. Then the respondents nurses mentioned the psychical and emotional support for children and their accompaniments, the atmosphere of confidence and the value of well done education. Also the need of calm, silence and privacy was stated. Unlike nurses, children and their parents regarding to principles of the cooperation prefer the psychical and emotional support, then the importance of enough information was mentioned. The fourth research question bears on the methods used for children pain monitoring. The nurses said, that the intentional interview with the patients or with the parents was used as a main technique, that was stated by patients as well. Research question number five said: What are the most used nursing methods of non-pharmacological pain relief at children? Most responded nurses mentioned the distraction of children attention from the painful incentive, then the importance of physical methods, relief position and purposeful preparation for the unpleasant intervention. Nurses also named the helpful contribution of the parents, relaxing exercises and the method of imagination. Regarding the pain treatment, it was noted, that all patients prefered the analgesic therapy. Then they quoted the distraction of their attention from the painful incentive, the friendly attitude of the medics, using the ice compress and the relief position. In the pain acute phase, children required mostly calm, comfort and privacy. All children also considered the presence of parents as very helpful. The theoretical and empirical part of the thesis are suitable for being studied by nurses taking care of children and it can be helpful for nursing quality improvement at children ´s wards in hospitals.