The objective of the dissertation thesis was to analyse factors affecting preference of cubicle of Czech Fleckvieh dairy cows. Monitoring was carried in farm GenAgro Ricany a. s., a period of 12 months (June 2011 -- May 2012). The objective of monitoring was one section - one quarter of stable (n = 98 cows). Total of 47 040 observations were analysed. Statistical evaluation of data was performed by STATISTICA 10.0. In the sectionwas comprised of 103 comfortable stalls (cubicles) distributed into 3 rows.. Row A -- closest to feeding table (32 cubicles); row B -- in the midle section (33 cubicles); row C -- close to the side wall (38 cubicles). In all factors (number and stage of lactation, milk yield, number of arrival from milking parlour, temperature and humidity in stable and THI, height in the cross) was found significantly influence (p < 0,01) on preference of cubicle row. In evaluation of preference of boxes it was found out, that the lowest occupation rate in whole observing was in those boxes, which are on the edge of rows. Also lower amount of visits was noted in boxes, which are surrounded from more than one side by wooden partition separating space for lying (box) from waterhole. On the contrary mostly occupied boxes were those, which are located in the middle of box rows. Further higher preference rate of left side when lying was found in all observed influences, identically at both outer rows. On the contrary dairy cows preferred right side when lying in middle row.

The aim of this study was to estimate genetic correlations between traits using breeding values and to propose a total merit index for bulls and cows of Czech Fleckvieh cattle on the basis of these correlation. Genetic correlation was estimated from de-regressed proofs. REML procedure was used for determining components of variance. The basic database included 785 breeding values of bulls of Czech Fleckvieh and 441 of Fleckvieh (German and Austrian population). Estimated genetic standard deviations were similar to the standard deviations of breeding values and they always had a higher value. The genetic correlations were similar to correlations of breeding values as well. The genetic correlations matrix showed that the relationships were mostly within particular groups of traits. There were correlations 0,79 - 0,93 among milk production traits and 0,41 - 0,59 among beef production traits. Estimated genetic correlations, breeding values correlations and economic weights set by Wolfová et al. (2007) were used for construction of selection index for Czech bulls. Milk production has 45 %, beef 24 %, exterior 16 % and fitness 15 % within this total merit index. The total monetary gain is divided as follows: 86,7 % for milk production, 5,13 % for beef traits and 8,08 % for fitness. Reliability of this total merit index is 0,86. The total merit index for cows has as the same composition as the index of bulls; the missing breeding values (fertility, calving ease and longevity) were computed using genetic correlations estimated for bulls. In conclusion, incorporation of new breeding values will increase the genetic level of fitness traits. Estimation of genomic breeding values for milk and fitness allows obtaining reliable breeding value earlier.

The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the effect of environmental changes on longevity and milk production of cows Czech Fleckvieh cattle in selected breeding. The work focused on the comparison parameters milk production, longevity reasons decommissioning cows and lactation on which the cows were excluded. Within one company were monitored two groups of cows. The first group of cows was monitored in the original stabling. The second group consisted of pregnant heifers whose milk production have been monitored in subsequent years. They were removed to new stabling among cows of Holstein cattle. Each of the groups had different environmental conditions, treatment and different feed ration. Milk production and longevity of cows were evaluated in six years. In the framework of the obtained results it can be concluded that the change in the environment, treatment and feed ration were the main reason leading to the increase in the milk production of cows in the new location. Cows in the new stabling were mostly eliminated because of the reproductive disorder, milk production and other reasons (mortality, high age, diarrhea, poorly developed teats, bad condition).

In cattle, we observe a decrease trend in the level of reproduction and animal health. This decline is associated with an increase in milk yield. This situation has a negative impact on the farm economy, animal welfare and safety of product. The traditional selection program is in these so-called functional traits ineffective and there is need to find a new ways of animal breeding. In this problematic traits marker assisted selection and the related genomic animal selection is proposed to be a good tool for animal breeding. The present work summarizes the problems of selected functional traits in cattle and provides an overview on genetic markers and possibilities for their use. Further attention is paid to the studied genes and their associations to functional features which have been published in the scientific literature. At the end, the first results are presented describing the genotype frequencies for the first four studied polymorphic regions in Czech Fleckvieh cattle.

The aim of this study was to analyze locomotive score of dairy cows with movement disorder and its influence on milk production. For the experiment were chosen Czech fleckvieh dairy cows in company GenAgro Říčany a. s. in season from June to December 2015. The monitoring was conducted a day after the milk recording. Analyzed parameters of milk recording were milk yield (kg of milk), protein content (%), fat (%) amount of somatic cells (thousands/ml), lactose (%) and content of urea (%). Cows were evaluated according to the locomotive rating scale from 1 (cow with no movement disorder) to 5 (cow with a certain degree of lameness). According to the results we can observe that hoof diseases have effect on reducing of the amount of produced milk, especially in movement score 3 and 4 (P < 0.01), increase of protein content, fat, lactose (P < 0.05) and somatic cells (P < 0.01). It can be concluded that increasing of lameness of dairy cows significantly affect the reduction of milk production by 1.8 kg/cow/day. Due to current low prices of milk, it could have more negative impact on the economy of the dairy cattle breeding.

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