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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Otimiza??o no uso de martelos e bigornas para quebrar sementes por macacos prego (Cebus flavius e C. libidinosus) no Bioma Caatinga

Emidio, Ricardo Almeida 28 May 2010 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:36:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RicardoAL_DISSERT.pdf: 2035586 bytes, checksum: ca26983e504667d744bf6cb052c449e0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-28 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Recently, capuchin monkeys (Cebus spp.) inhabitants of dry environments and with restriction of fleshy fruits, have been the subject of several studies regarding the use of instruments. During behaviour of using stones to crack open nuts there is evidence of selection of more effective hammers, as well as selection of anvils related to reducing the risk of predation. The aim of this study was to determine whether two groups of capuchin monkeys (C.flavius and and C.libidinosus) inhabitants of the Caatinga of Rio Grande do Norte make choice of hammers and anvils. The record of weight and location of stones indicated active choices of with what (choice of hammers) and where (selection of anvils) to crack open encapsulated seeds. The choice of hammers to break nuts depended on the type and degree of ripeness seed. Thus, smaller seeds were smashed with lighter hammers and larger seeds with heavier hammers. Still, C. flavius was the only species that presented a refinement in the choice of hammers that depended on the ripeness of seeds. For both species of capuchin monkeys studied, the nut-crack sites were not spread in accordance with the spatial distribution of seed-producing species, suggesting that the capuchin monkeys promote active choice of anvils. Thus, in environments with more escape routes through the trees, the nut-crack sites were found further apart than in regions that had less chance of escape through the trees. Also, there was a difference in the spacing of the anvils to depend on the type of seed: sites used to crack larger and more caloric seeds were found farther apart than the sites used to crack smaller and less caloric seeds, suggesting a pattern of avoiding direct competition. We conclude that the capuchin monkeys maximize energy savings and reduced risk of predation and the costs of food competition during the behaviour of using stones to crack open nuts / Recentemente, macacos prego (Cebus spp.) habitantes de ambientes secos e com restri??o de frutos carnosos, v?m sendo alvo de diversos estudos acerca do uso de instrumentos. Em atividades de quebra de sementes, h? ind?cios de escolhas eficientes de martelos, bem como de sele??o de bigornas para redu??o dos riscos de preda??o. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar se dois grupos de macacos prego (C. flavius e C. libidinosus) habitantes da caatinga do Rio Grande do Norte realizam escolhas de martelos e bigornas. O registro do peso e da localiza??o das pedras indicou escolhas ativas de com o que (escolha de martelos) e onde (sele??o de bigornas) quebrar sementes encapsuladas. O padr?o de escolha dos martelos para quebrar sementes dependeu da esp?cie e do estado de matura??o. Assim, sementes menores foram quebradas com martelos mais leves e sementes maiores com martelos mais pesados. Ainda, C. flavius foi a ?nica esp?cie que apresentou um refinamento na escolha de martelos que dependia do estado de matura??o de sementes. Para ambas as esp?cies de macacos prego estudadas, os s?tios de quebra n?o estavam dispostos de acordo com a distribui??o espacial das esp?cies produtoras de sementes, sugerindo que os macacos prego promovem escolha ativas de bigornas. Assim, em ambientes que havia maior chance de fuga atrav?s das ?rvores, os s?tios de quebra foram encontrados mais afastados entre si do que em regi?es que havia menor chance de fuga pelas ?rvores. Tamb?m, foi verificada diferen?a no espa?amento das bigornas a depender do tipo de semente: s?tios de quebra de sementes maiores e mais cal?ricas foram encontrados mais distantes entre si do que os s?tios de quebra de sementes menores e menos cal?ricas, sugerindo um padr?o de evitac?o de competi??o direta. Conclu?mos que os macacos prego maximizam os ganhos energ?ticos e reduziram os riscos de preda??o bem como os custos de competi??o por alimento durante o comportamento de uso de pedras para quebra de sementes

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