Orientadores: Francisco Carlos Groppo, Pedro Luiz Rosalen / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T15:10:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Baglie_RobertaCristianeCatelli_D.pdf: 1140633 bytes, checksum: 4a8bfaf4ec7f401180e020ef256fbba7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: A endocardite infecciosa (EI) é uma infecção grave das válvulas cardíacas, do endocárdio mural e de septos defeituosos, provocada principalmente pelos Staphylococcus aureus e pelos estreptococos grupo viridans. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a resistência aos antimicrobianos de cepas de Staphylococcus aureus e estreptococos grupo viridans provindas de 100 voluntários, sendo 60 adultos (16 a 75 anos) que foram divididos em três grupos: saudáveis (grupo 1), cardiopatas de baixo risco (grupo 2) e cardiopatas de alto risco (grupo 3) para EI e 40 crianças (6 a 14 anos) que foram divididas em dois grupos: saudáveis (grupo 1) e cardiopatas de alto risco (grupo 2) para EI. Além disso, os voluntários dos grupos 2 e 3 e os responsáveis pelas crianças do grupo 2 responderam a um formulário sobre os riscos da EI e sua profilaxia. Amostras de saliva (diluídas 1: 1000) foram inoculadas em Mitis Salivarius agar e incubadas em microaerofilia durante 48 h. Amostras de pele (swab) foram inoculadas em Sal Manitol agar e incubadas em aerobiose durante 24 h. Após testes bioquímicos, os estreptococos grupo viridans e os Staphylococcus aureus foram identificados e submetidos a testes de susceptibilidade microbiológica empregando-se agentes antimicrobianos. Dos voluntários adultos, foram isoladas 186 cepas, 58 do grupo 1, 62 do grupo 2 e 66 do grupo 3. Dentre os estreptococos a espécie S. mitis foi a mais cQmum. A cepa mais resistente contra as penicilinas (amoxicilina, ampicilina, meticilina e oxaci li na) foi a do S. aureus isolada dos grupos 2 (57,90/0) e 3 (800/0). Considerando os grupos 2 e 3: 21 voluntários (52,5%) tinham conhecimento sobre sua doença, entretanto, somente 12,5% sabiam o significado de EI. Dezessete voluntários (42,5%) sabiam sobre a antibioticoprofilaxia antes de algum procedimento dental e 10 voluntários nomearam a amoxicilina como o principal antibiótico para a profilaxia. Trinta e cinco voluntários não receberam informações dos médicos ou dentistas sobre a importância da saúde oral para prevenir a EI. A maior parte (60%) disse ter visitado.o dentista pela última vez há mais de 1 ano. Trinta e cinco porcento afirmou apresentar algum tipo de doença oral (gengivite, cárie, etc.). Dos voluntários pediátricos, foram isoladas 98 colônias, 51 do grupo 1 e 47 do grupo 2. A espécie mais isolada foi Streptococcus pneumoniae: 23,4% e 25,5% nos grupos 1 e 2, respectivamente. S. aureus corresponderam a 36,2% e 31,9% nos grupos 1e 2, respectivamente. Quatorze responsáveis (700/0) tinham conhecimento sobre a doença de suas crianças; entretanto, somente 15% sabia o significado de "endocardite infecciosa". Onze responsáveis (55%) sabiam sobre a antibioticoprofilaxia antes de algum procedimento dental, e 10 responsávies nomearam a amoxicilina como o principal antibiótico para a profilaxia. Dezesseis responsáveis (80%) não receberam informações dos médicos ou dentistas sobre a importância da saúde oral para prevenir a EI. A maioria (40%) disse que a criança visitou o dentista pela última vez há 6 meses. Concluímos que, de acordo com o perfil de resistência das cepas de estregtococos orais, a amoxicilina é o agente antimicrobiano de primeira escolha para a profilaxia da EI. É clara a necessidade ~ de oferecer informações sobre a EI para os pacientes afetados por doenças cardíacas ou para seus responsáveis / Abstract: The aim of this study was to verify the antimicrobial resistance of Staphy/ococcus aureus and viridans streptococci from 100 volunteers, 60 adults (16 to 75 yearsold), which were divided into three groups: healthy (Group 1), low risk (Group 2) and high risk (Group 3) for infective endocarditis (IE) and 40 children (6 to 14 years-old) which were divided into two groups: healthy (Group 1) and high risk (Group 2) for IE. In addition, volunteers were submitted to a structured formulary about IE risks and prophylaxis. Saliva samples were inoculated on Mitis Salivarius agar and incubated in microaerophilia during 48h. Skin samples were inoculated on Mannito/-Sa/t agar and incubated in aerobiosis during 24h. After biochemical tes~ viridans streptococci and S. aureus were identified and submitted to antimicrobial susceptibility tests agc;linst antimicrobial agents. Considering adults, Streptococcus mitis was the most common strain isolated among streptococci. 186 strains were isolated, being 58 from group 1, 62 from group 2 and 66 from group 3. The most resistant strain against penicillins (amoxicillin, ampicillin, methicillin and oxacillin) a was S. aureusisolated from groups 2 (57.9%) and 3 (80%). Consideringgroups 2 and 3: twenty-one volunteers (52.5%) were aware about their disease however, only 12.5% were aware of the meaning of "infective endocarditis". Seventeen volunteers (42.5%) knew about antibiotic prophylaxis before some dental procedures, and 10 volunteers named amoxicillin as the main antibiotic for prophylaxis. Thirty-five volunteers did not receive information from physicians or a , dentists about importance of ora'l health to prevent IE. The majori~ (60%) reported the last visit to the dentist more than 1 year ago. Thirty-five percent reported some kind of oral disease (gingivitis, caries, etc.). Considering children, 98 strains were isolated, being 51 from group 1 and 47 from group 2. . a Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most common streptococci isolated: 23.4% and 25.5% in groups 1 and 2, respectively. S. aureus corresponded to 36.2% and 31.9% in groups 1 and 2, respectively.' Fourteen guardians (70%) were aware about their child's disease; however, only 15% were aware of the meaning of ~ "'infective endocarditis". Eleven guardians (55%) knew about antibiotic prophylaxis before some dental procedures, and 10 volunteers named amoxicillin as the main antibiotic for prophylaxis. Sixteen guardians (80%) did not received information from physicians or dentists about importance of oral health to prevent IE. The most part (40%) reported the last visit to the dentist at least six months ago. We concluded that the resistant profile of the oral streptococci strains supports amoxicillin as the first choice antimicrobial agent for IE prophylaxis. There was a .: clear need for more information regarding IE among patients affected by cardiac disease or their guardians / Doutorado / Farmacologia, Anestesiologia e Terapeutica / Doutor em Odontologia

No description available.

No description available.

Enterococci are intestinal facultative anaerobic strains which recognized as opportunistic pathogens. The ability to form biofilms is an important virulence trait that has been reported for Enterococci. Biofilm formation showed differences between E. faecalis strains. However, several factors were involved in this process e.g. the presence of virulence factors, hydrophobicity and heterogeneity. Interestingly, we demonstrated for the first time a biochemical test for a cell surface protein in biofilm formation: addition of the purified N domain of Esp (EspN) to E. faecium E1162Δesp resulted in the restoration of biofilm formation. Streptococcus bovis also, is an intestinal facultative anaerobic bacterium. This organism also has been reported as an opportunistic pathogen causing multiple diseases such as septicemia and endocarditis associated with colorectal cancer (CRC). Although the association of S. gallolyticus infection with CRC is a major issue, the mechanisms behind this link are still unclear. This link between CRC and the virulence of S. bovis strains was studied in more detail in a collaborative project with Dr Harold Tjalsma. The Tjalsma group mainly focussed on host-pathogen interactions, whereas we analysed biofilm formation of S. bovis strains as well as their pathogenicity using the in vivo C. elegans infection model. Our biofilm showed that S. bovis strains form biofilms particularly well on collagen-rich surfaces at least indicate why there is this association. C. elegans experiments also showed that pathogenicity of S. bovis strains is more similar to E. faecalis than to E. faecium in which both S. bovis and E. faecalis have a slow mode of killing that is absent in E. faecium. Full genome sequences of S. gallolyticus UCN34 strain have revealed the presence of a number of potential collagen-binding proteins (e.g., gallo_2179) that are related to the MSCRAMMs family. However, we successfully cloned the gallo_2179 gene in an enterococcal expression vector, and demonstrated transcribed in E. faecalis. Unfortunately, this strain did not form better biofilms on a collagen surface, suggesting either that not sufficient amount of the protein was made, or that the protein is not functional in E. faecalis. In addition, a bioinformatics analysis was performed to identify putatively secreted proteins in S. gallolyticus. Proteins that were expected to be found include for instance three collagen-binding proteins, amylase, tannase and beta lactamase.

No description available.

Summary Puerperal sepsis is a rare but serious and potentially lethal syndrome. It is imperative that severe postpartum malaise is taken seriously; early initiation of antibiotic therapy before sepsis becomes manifest can save lives.

No / We have investigated the surface localisation of the phosphotransferase system protein HPr in the equine pathogen Streptococcus equi subsp. equi using immunogold localisation and transmission electron microscopy. Like the LppC acid phosphatase lipoprotein, a reference surface antigen, the S. equi HPR could be clearly detected on the surfaces of intact cells. This study is consistent with previous reports that some streptococcal HPr is cell surface associated and suggests that the extracytoplasmic mobilisation and transfer of phosphate groups by streptococci warrant further investigation.

No / We have investigated the surface localisation of the phosphotransferase system protein HPr in the equine pathogen Streptococcus equi subsp. equi using immunogold localisation and transmission electron microscopy. Like the LppC acid phosphatase lipoprotein, a reference surface antigen, the S. equi HPR could be clearly detected on the surfaces of intact cells. This study is consistent with previous reports that some streptococcal HPr is cell surface associated and suggests that the extracytoplasmic mobilisation and transfer of phosphate groups by streptococci warrant further investigation.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal