The aim in this study is to uncover the occupational discrimination and sexual harassment against the policewomen in Ankara, and to determine whether or not these two negative conditions can explain the stress burden of policewomen. A total number of 125 respondents have been interviewed. We divided the respondents into two groups, according to where they are employed, namely those of General Directorate of Police (EGM = The centre) and of Police Directorate of Ankara (AEM = The periphery), so that we can make a comparison between the two groups. We found that the policewomen in AEM are subjected to more stress burden and sexual harassment than those of in EGM, yet, in terms of occupational discrimination there is not a meaningful difference between the two. At a macro level, the study reveals that sexual harassment and occupational discrimination explains the occupational stress burden of the policewomen.

As older couples age, often one partner becomes more competent and able to care for the other, in which case they are able to remain in their homes. In one township in the northeastern United States, the caregiving role had a significant effect on the lives of elderly men who care for their wives. The purpose of this quantitative project study was to determine the relationship between perceived stress burden and perceived level of social support services and between perceived stress burden and use of support services by elderly male spousal caregivers residing in active adult communities. Watson's theory of caring provided the theoretical foundation for this study. A correlational design was used and data were collected from 82 elderly male spousal caregivers with (a) the Zarit Burden Interview; (b) the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support; and (c) a checklist, Support Services in Your Area. Descriptive analysis indicated that participants carry a large stress burden, particularly emotional stress (Zarit Burden score of 36.58/65), enjoy strong social support (Multidimensional Scale score of 45.47/75), and use few community services. Pearson's product-moment correlation revealed no significant relationship between perceived stress burden and perceived social support or between perceived stress burden and use of community services, indicating that men feel emotional stress but the feelings are not related to their use of community services. As community services were not used by elderly male caregiver spouses, a workshop for professionals was developed to help the professionals expand programs and services that may have value for these men in their caregiver role. This study has social significance because satisfaction with the caregiver role has consequences for the health and financial well-being of the elderly and for U.S. society.

As older couples age, often one partner becomes more competent and able to care for the other, in which case they are able to remain in their homes. In one township in the northeastern United States, the caregiving role had a significant effect on the lives of elderly men who care for their wives. The purpose of this quantitative project study was to determine the relationship between perceived stress burden and perceived level of social support services and between perceived stress burden and use of support services by elderly male spousal caregivers residing in active adult communities. Watson's theory of caring provided the theoretical foundation for this study. A correlational design was used and data were collected from 82 elderly male spousal caregivers with (a) the Zarit Burden Interview; (b) the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support; and (c) a checklist, Support Services in Your Area. Descriptive analysis indicated that participants carry a large stress burden, particularly emotional stress (Zarit Burden score of 36.58/65), enjoy strong social support (Multidimensional Scale score of 45.47/75), and use few community services. Pearson's product-moment correlation revealed no significant relationship between perceived stress burden and perceived social support or between perceived stress burden and use of community services, indicating that men feel emotional stress but the feelings are not related to their use of community services. As community services were not used by elderly male caregiver spouses, a workshop for professionals was developed to help the professionals expand programs and services that may have value for these men in their caregiver role. This study has social significance because satisfaction with the caregiver role has consequences for the health and financial well-being of the elderly and for U.S. society.

The study described and analysed the self-reported stress burden resulting from occupational exposure to maternal death among professional midwives working in rural health care units, and the effect of the identified stress burden on their physical and psychological well-being in order to recommend coping mechanisms and support for these midwives. Quantitative research using an exploratory, descriptive, and correlation design was used to collect data from midwives working in two rural districts, Mubende and Mityana in Uganda. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire which comprised of three standardised scales, and permission was granted by the developers of the scales. The study population comprised of 238 midwives and a response rate of 95.2% was obtained. Simple random sampling was used to select the study sites and the whole target population was studied. Data was analysed using the SPSS version 20. The findings revealed that occupational exposure to maternal death experienced by midwives working in rural districts of Uganda, may result into significant stress burden in the form of moderate to high death anxiety, mild to moderate death obsession and mild death depression. The respondents also experience physical un-wellness because of experiencing maternal death at the workplace, however, their psychological well-being was sustained. Although the midwives were using effective problem focused coping strategies to reduce their stress burden resulting from occupational exposure to maternal death, the study uncovered a number of factors that were non-modifiable that could be preventing this. However, midwifery educators, employers and managers should address the modifiable factors such as: midwives' education, involvement in other health care activities, lack of functional communication and ambulance services, support given at the work place after experiencing a maternal death, and professional training on how to handle death situations which exaggerate the stress burden resulting from occupational exposure to maternal death. Based on the key findings, proposed interventions, responsible persons and recommendations for practice to promote the coping mechanism and well-being of rural midwives in view of occupational exposure to maternal death were suggested. / Health Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)

The study described and analysed the self-reported stress burden resulting from occupational exposure to maternal death among professional midwives working in rural health care units, and the effect of the identified stress burden on their physical and psychological well-being in order to recommend coping mechanisms and support for these midwives. Quantitative research using an exploratory, descriptive, and correlation design was used to collect data from midwives working in two rural districts, Mubende and Mityana in Uganda. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire which comprised of three standardised scales, and permission was granted by the developers of the scales. The study population comprised of 238 midwives and a response rate of 95.2% was obtained. Simple random sampling was used to select the study sites and the whole target population was studied. Data was analysed using the SPSS version 20. The findings revealed that occupational exposure to maternal death experienced by midwives working in rural districts of Uganda, may result into significant stress burden in the form of moderate to high death anxiety, mild to moderate death obsession and mild death depression. The respondents also experience physical un-wellness because of experiencing maternal death at the workplace, however, their psychological well-being was sustained. Although the midwives were using effective problem focused coping strategies to reduce their stress burden resulting from occupational exposure to maternal death, the study uncovered a number of factors that were non-modifiable that could be preventing this. However, midwifery educators, employers and managers should address the modifiable factors such as: midwives' education, involvement in other health care activities, lack of functional communication and ambulance services, support given at the work place after experiencing a maternal death, and professional training on how to handle death situations which exaggerate the stress burden resulting from occupational exposure to maternal death. Based on the key findings, proposed interventions, responsible persons and recommendations for practice to promote the coping mechanism and well-being of rural midwives in view of occupational exposure to maternal death were suggested. / Health Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)