FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / The objective of this study was to analyze the influence of PRONAF - National Program of Strengthening of Familiar Agriculture on the agricultural pointers: production, planted area and productivity of subsistence farms benefited for the Program in the Ceara State, during the period of 1999 to 2005. The research applied tabulate and graphical analyses to study the behavior of the variables and used a model of regression on panel data. The results registered respectively that Ceara State is in the fourth and eighth national position in relation to the number of contracts and to the sum received from PRONAF. The most benefited subsistence farms by the Program were: cotton, rice, sugar cane, beans, cassava and corn. A comparison with others not benefited farms: banana, chestnut and mamona disclosed that despite the benefit, PRONAFâs benefited farms have got an inferior performance to the not benefited ones in relation to the analyzed agricultural pointers. The analysis of the relation between the sum of PRONAFâs financing and the agricultural pointers pointed that, for most of the farms, the Program had a negative effect, even a very small one, on the production, planted area and productivity. We concluded that PRONAFâs influence in the performance of the agricultural pointers of the subsistence farms is very small and negative in most cases. / O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a influÃncia do PRONAF - Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar sobre os indicadores agrÃcolas: produÃÃo, Ãrea plantada e produtividade das lavouras de subsistÃncias beneficiadas pelo Programa no Estado do CearÃ, no perÃodo de 1999 a 2005. A pesquisa aplicou anÃlises tabular e grÃfica para estudar o comportamento das variÃveis e utilizou um modelo de regressÃo de dados em painel. Os resultados registraram que o Estado do Cearà encontra-se na quarta e oitava posiÃÃes em nÃvel nacional em relaÃÃo ao nÃmero de contratos e ao montante recebido do PRONAF, respectivamente. As lavouras de subsistÃncia mais beneficiadas pelo Programa foram: algodÃo, arroz, cana-de-aÃÃcar, feijÃo, mandioca e milho. Uma comparaÃÃo destas lavouras com outras nÃo beneficiadas: banana, castanha de caju e mamona revelou que apesar do financiamento, as lavouras beneficiadas pelo PRONAF obtiveram um desempenho inferior ao das nÃo beneficiadas em relaÃÃo aos indicadores agrÃcolas analisados. A anÃlise da relaÃÃo entre o montante de financiamento do PRONAF e os indicadores agrÃcolas apontou que para a maioria das lavouras o Programa teve um efeito negativo, embora muito pequeno, sobre a produÃÃo, Ãrea plantada e produtividade. Concluiu-se que a influÃncia do PRONAF no desempenho dos indicadores agrÃcolas das lavouras de subsistÃncia à muito pequena e na maioria dos casos negativa.

This doctoral thesis explores the agrarian development in 20th Estonia and the role of family farming during three major agricultural transformations. It consists of four papers and an introductory chapter for which the common departure are the situation appearing in the Estonian farming landscape after the regained independence in 1991. The first three studies analyse comparative aspects on Estonia's interwar experiences with focus on land reform, agricultural co-operation, and agricultural export development. The fourth study focuses on the role of private plots during the Soviet period and the conversion of these into subsistence holdings after 1991. By merging the perspectives in these papers, the introductory chapter explores the impacts and legacies of previous transformations on the post-Soviet agricultural transformation up to 2004. The thesis specifically analyses the long-term effects of perceptions of markets and the role of agricultural production, changes in the agrarian property relations, organisation of agricultural production and co-operation. In analytical terms, this is discussed from the perspectives of continuity and discontinuity. Besides the several societal changes affecting the agrarian property relations in 20th century Estonia, the radical and decisive shifts have also affected markets, trade and economic integration. Since the end of the First World War, Estonia has been quickly thrown between different economic-political systems and legal environments. From the perspective of the small state’s dependence on trade and reliance on a few markets, the upheavals in the early 1920s, after World War II, and not least the fall of the Soviet Union, Estonia’s long-term economic development has been significantly affected. In this context the role of agriculture has changed. Most important, however, this dissertation shows how the idea of small-scale family farming survived throughout the planned economic period and became an indispensable production unit, even though it turned out to be a myth as soon as the Soviet system was dissolved and the exposure to international competition began after 1991.

Magistrantūros studijų baigiamasis darbas, 48 puslapiai, 13 paveikslų, 5 lentelės, 61 literatūros šaltinių, 3 priedai, lietuvių kalba. PRASMINIAI ŽODŽIAI: smulkieji ūkiai, pusiau natūriniai ūkiai, ekonominė atskirtis, ES finansinė parama. Tyrimo objektas – smulkių ūkių ekonominė atskirtis. Tyrimo tikslas – išanalizuoti smulkių ūkių ekonominę atskirtį ir ją įtakojančius veiksnius bei įvertinti ES finansinės paramos poveikį šios atskirties mažinimui. Tyrimo uždaviniai: 1) pateikti ekonominės atskirties sampratą bei identifikuoti smulkiuosius ūkius; 2) apibrėžti ekonominės atskirties veiksnius; 3) nustatyti finansinės paramos būtinumą smulkiems ūkiams; 4) įvertinti smulkių ūkių ekonominę atskirtį ir paramos įtaką šios atskirties mažinimui Šilalės rajone. Tyrimo metodai: mokslinės ir publicistinės literatūros, statistinių duomenų, dokumentų ir teisinių aktų analizės bei sintezės metodai; statistinių duomenų rinkimo ir analizės, grupavimo, grafinio modeliavimo metodai; lyginamasis metodas; loginis ir apibendrinimo metodai; detalesnei analizei panaudotas analizuojamas duomenų rinkimas apklausos metodu – anketinė apklausa nukreipta į smulkiesiems ūkininkams suteiktos finansinės paramos poveikio ekonominės atskirties veiksnių mažinimui išaiškinimą. Tyrimo rezultatai: • pirmojoje darbo dalyje teoriniame lygmenyje užsienio ir lietuvių literatūros autorių išnagrinėta ekonominės atskirties samprata, smulkių ūkių tipologija, ūkių dydžio kriterijai bei pateikta tyrimo metodika; •... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Final work of University Master studies: 48 pages, 13 figures, 5 tables, 61 references, 3 appendices, in Lithuanian. KEY WORDS: small farms, semi–subsistence farms, economic exclusion, the EU financial support. Research object – the economic exclusion of small farms. Research aim – to explore the economic exclusion of small farms and its determinants, to assess the impact of financial support on the reduction of this exclusion. Objectives: 1) to define the concept of economic exclusion and identify small farms; 2) to explore the determinants of economic exclusion of small farms; 3) to assess the need of financial support for small farms; 4) to examine the impact of financial support on the reduction of the determinants of economic exclusion of small farms in Šilalė district. Research methods: analysis and synthesis of scientific and publicist literature, documents and legislation; statistical data collection and analysis, comparison and graphical representation; logical simulation and summation; questionnaire survey. Research results: • The first part defines the concept of economic exclusion, analizes typology of small farms, criteria of farm size and determines the methods to be used for evaluation of the economic exclusion; • The second part defines the determinants of economic exclusion, reveals the need of financial support for small farms; • The third part evaluates the impact of financial support on the reduction of determinants of economical exclusion of small... [to full text]