Thesis (M. Sc.)--Carleton University, 1995. / Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Thesis (M. Sc.)--Carleton University, 1996. / Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

No description available.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The Sudbury Igneous Complex (SIC) in Sudbury, Canada is a remnant geologic structure from a meteor impact that occurred ~1.85 Ga. The impact produced ~30,000 km3 of superheated melt which reached >2200 °C. The existing SIC is composed of three compositionally distinct layers, norite, quartz gabbro, and granophyre, which stretch the entire lateral distance of the complex. The presentation of layers in the SIC is unusual for impact melts, and the crystallization path has been debated by scientists. The SIC differs from more common layered mafic complexes because of its intermediate composition, crustal isotopic signature, and large volume of granophyre. This thesis is an investigation of some of the main theories surrounding the SIC and how it crystallized to form such distinct layers. There are two main theories of how the SIC formed its compositionally distinct layers: (1) fractional crystallization and (2) separation by viscous emulsion. The viscous emulsion theory involves isolated droplets of melt separating from the surrounding melt body due to differences in viscosity and density, similar to an emulsion of oil and water. In this study, viscous emulsion theory was investigated experimentally by heating samples of rock from the SIC to the extreme temperatures associated with the Sudbury impact, and then analyzing the cooled experimental products using electron microscopy to determine if there was evidence of textures that would be consistent with expectations for a viscous emulsion. Fractional crystallization was investigated by modeling using the vii software EasyMELTS to evaluate compositions from the SIC to estimate how they would crystallize according to the temperature, pressure, and other properties of the melt. There was no textural evidence of a viscous emulsion found in the experimental products. The models produced compositions similar to what is seen in the SIC but had limited application to fractional crystallization theory.

<p> Pseudotachylites within the Levack Gneisses of the North Range Sudbury Structure were studied, with an emphasison petrography, major oxide chemistry, and paleomagnetism. </p> <p> The pseudotachylites are present as dark greyish green veins and larger scale breccia zones. The matrix is glassy and aphanitic and the fragments, mostly quartz and feldspar are subangular to subrounded. The larger fragments and the wall rock contain kink bands in biotites and planar features in feldspars and quartz. The planar features are defined by rows of parallel inclusions and are diagnostic of shock metamorphism when parallel to specific crystallographic orientations of quartz. The major oxide chemistry shows the pseudotachylites are enriched in total iron, magnesia and lime. This corresponds to other impact-generated pseudotachylite chemistries. Thus, these rocks are not a product of pure wall rock and either the mafics were selectively melted out or added from an external source. </p> <p> Paleomagnetic analysis confirms the age of the pseudotachylite is approximately the same as the North Range of the Sudbury Structure, the least deformed component. Thus whatever the event was it also formed the pseudotachylite. The fact that the pseudotachylite contains shock metamorphic features, supports that the event was likely an impact, as of yet the only known process capable of producing the required pressures, temperatures and strain rates. </p> / Thesis / Bachelor of Science (BSc)

<p> Amphibolites and gneisses of the "Grenville province" and granitic rocks of the Chief Lake batholith near Sudbury show the effects of several phases of deformation. </p> <p> The first phase of deformation affected previously metamorphosed rocks of the "Grenville province" together with enclosed pegmatite sills, and formed congruous parasitic S- and Z-folds. The rocks were then subjected to faulting and local refolding. About 1, 750 m. y. ago, the Chief Lake batholith was intruded and truncated the previous folds. Finally, all the rocks were subjected to a simultaneous regional metamorphism and strong deformation. </p> <p> During this final deformation, all the previous linear structures were rotated to parallel the strongly-developed regional mineral lineations. The high-grade rocks of high amphibolite facies to the S. E. of the cataclastic zone flowed upwards from a greater depth than the rocks of greenschist facies to the N. E. of the cataclastic zone. The sharp increase in metamorphic grade occurs within the cataclastic zone which is about one mile wide. </p> <p> The final progressive deformation of the rocks is compared with the constant-volume deformation ellipsoid as initiated from the uniaxial prolate type through the constriction type to the plane- strain type; wherein the direction of maximum elongation plunges moderately to the S. S. E. and parallels the regional mineral lineations, the passive fold axes, the elongations of conical folds, and the original flow directions (shown by deformed mineral lineations) of slip folds; while the direction of maximum shortening generally plunges to the N. W. and is normal to the penetrative foliations and the active axial planes of slip folds. </p> / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

<p> International Nickel Company's 1250 ft. stack located in Sudbury, Ontario emits an estimated 3,000 tons of sulphur oxide daily. The purpose of this study is to investigate the use of stable sulphur isotopes as a means of tracing the movement of these sulphur oxide emissions. Sulphur isotope analysis were done for lakewater, rainwater and sediment samples taken from the Sudbury-Timagami district and also for particulate and gas samples taken from the 600 ft. level of the International Nickel Company's 1250 ft. stack. </p> <p> The s s^34 values of lake surface samples showed a decrease related directly to the increase of the logarithm of the distance from Sudbury. The maximum s s^34 value for the lakewater samples was + 8.49 p.p.t. at a distance of 7 miles from Sudbury. The minimum s s^34 value for lakewater samples was+2.97 p.p.t. at a distance of 55 miles from Sudbury. </p> <p> The rainwater s s^34 values vary from + 4.85 p.p.t. recorded for a station 5 miles north of Sudbury to + 2.07 p.p.t. for a station 60 miles east north east of Sudbury. </p> <p> The increase in s s^34 values in the lakewater relative to rainwater strongly suggest that the oxidation of so2(g) to s4^2- is occurring in the lakes in the Sudbury-Timagami district. </p> / Thesis / Bachelor of Arts (BA)

La présente étude porte sur les emprunts linguistiques de nature lexicale fait par un groupe de Franco-Ontariens. L'objectif de l'étude consiste à décrire l'état de la langue française minoritaire en Ontario et d'évaluer les emprunts à l'anglais dans le domaine lexical. En particulier, nous examinons les emprunts relevant de quelques domaines d'activités spécialisés, de même que ceux relevant de la langue générale. Nous évaluons les catégories grammaticales des mots en cause, l'attribution du genre grammatical aux emprunts et l'influence que peuvent avoir certains facteurs sociaux et linguistiques sur ce phénomène. L'étude est menée dans un cadre sociolinguistique où deux langues sont en contact permanent. L'échantillon reflète l'usage spontané de trente adultes francophones de Sudbury, Ontario. Ces derniers ont rempli un questionnaire sociolinguistique et ils ont été sollicités pour un entretien enregistré portant sur quatre thèmes préétablis, en plus de la langue générale. Le dépouillement du corpus a consisté à repérer tous les emprunts à l'anglais qu'ont fait les locuteurs et à les classer selon leur domaine d'emploi, leur catégorie grammaticale et, pour ce qui est des substantifs, leur genre. Subséquemment, une analyse des données en fonction des renseignements fournis dans les questionnaires a permis de répondre aux questions d'ordre sociolinguistique qui faisaient l'objet de la recherche.

Metal-contamination of lakes simplifies food webs and reduces the efficiency of energy transfer to top trophic organisms, such as yellow perch (Perca flavescens). Benthic invertebrate community composition and yellow perch diet, growth and activity levels from lakes along a metal-contamination gradient were used to assess the importance of a naturally diverse prey base for maintaining energy transfer to growing fish, and how this is disrupted by metal-contamination. As perch grow larger, they shift their diet to larger prey; otherwise, the activity costs of foraging for many, small prey, instead of a few large prey, become too high and the fish stop growing. Metal contaminated lakes have less diverse zoobenthic communities, particularly the lack of large bodied invertebrate taxa, forcing perch to rely on smaller benthic prey. Perch from metal-contaminated lakes display slow growth and poor condition during benthivory. Estimates of fish activity, using the activity of the glycolytic enzyme Lactate dehydrogenase in perch white muscle tissue as a proxy, suggest that diet shifts to larger prey lower activity costs and may explain how diet shifts maintain growth efficiency as perch grow larger. Perch from metal-contaminated lakes cannot benefit from the energetic advantages of switching to larger prey and thus exhibit poor growth.

No description available.