There are three natural openings in a mature sugarbeet fruit which serve as avenues of entry for microorganisms: 1) the basal pore which contains dried parenchyma and vascular tissue and is the point where the flower was connected to the stalk; 2) the apical pore where the style was inserted; and 3) the peripheral zone of dehiscence where the operculum separates from the fruit cavity wall during germination. The apical pore was first described in this study. Scanning electron microscopy of the naturally infected fruits showed, for the first time, hyphal penetration through both the basal pore and the peripheral zone. Examination of sugarbeet flowers artificially infected with Phoma betae also showed fungal penetration through the apical pore. Dense hyphal growth was associated with stigmal lobes and ungerminated pollen grains. Fungal growth apparently was stimulated by excretions from the stigma. Penetration of the fruit cavity wall and the operculum would render the fungus inaccessible to protectant fungicides and explains why the most successful seed treatments for P. betae have included volatile mercury fungicides or seed soak in thiram. Such treatment allows direct contact between the toxin and the pathogen. / North Dakota State University (NDSU) / Kiesling, Richard L.

In May 1992, Banting and Best, working in the Physiology Department of the University of Toronto, obtained the first active extracts from pancreas. The credit for the preparation of such extracts capable of effecting a lowering of the blood and urinary sugar, and serviceable in mitigating the symptoms of experimental diabetes in animals, and o human diabetes, therefore, belongs to these two workers, to Waoleod and Collip. Improvements in the methods of extraction and purification of insulin followed quickly. Accompanying this were the investigations of the physiological, chemical and physical properties of the hormone. Since that time a mass of evidence relating to the above and produce by a host of workers has accumulated.

Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of cultural practices such as irrigation, planting date, and maturity group on soybean nectar production. Multiple interactions between different factors influences the amount of total sugar present in soybean flowers. Pod production was increased in later planted soybean, but later planting resulted in reduction in yield. Another study was conducted to explore the effects that variety selection had on soybean nectar production. Soybean nectar production was highly variable among varieties and was influenced further depending on their growing location. Later maturing varieties produced significantly more soybean pods. This increase in pod production was not reflected in yield, as the later maturing varieties usually yielded less.

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The island of Mauritius is situated in the south-western Indian Ocean between 19°591, 20°321 south latitude and 57°18 1 , 57° 49 1 east longitude. The nearest landmass of any considerable extent is Madagascar which Iies some 900 km due west of Mauritius; but there are a number of islands and islets in the vicinity, notably Reunion, Rodrigues and the Cargados Carajos, which together with Mauritius constitute the archipelago of the Mascarenes.

This document only includes an excerpt of the corresponding thesis or dissertation. To request a digital scan of the full text, please contact the Ruth Lilly Medical Library's Interlibrary Loan Department (rlmlill@iu.edu).

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