Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 139-157). / Microfiche. / xiv, 157 leaves, bound ill. 29 cm

Typescript. / Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii, 1969. / Bibliography: leaves 82-86. / x, 86 l illus. (part col.), tables

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Horticulture, Viticulture and Oenology, 1995. / Copy of author's previously published article inserted. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 180-195).

Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / Bibliography.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2001-02-01Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:34:35Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 dalri_ab_me_botfca.pdf: 2249545 bytes, checksum: 36a8655d0c1fceb1272c4dca5c706422 (MD5) / Este trabalho teve como o objetivo, verificar o efeito da freqüência da irrigação subsuperficial por gotejamento no desenvolvimento inicial da cana-de-açúcar. Os tubos gotejadores foram instalados sob a linha da cultura, a uma profundidade de 0,3 m. A cana-de-açúcar foi plantada no dia 03/03/2000 e a partir de 01/04/2000 iniciaram os tratamentos nas parcelas irrigadas. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos, e quatro repetições, definidos por regimes de freqüência da irrigação. O sistema de irrigação era acionado quando a evapotranspiração da cultura atingisse 10 mm, 20 mm, e 30 mm, para os tratamentos 1, 2, e 3 respectivamente. O tratamento 4 foi definido como testemunha (não irrigado). A colheita foi realizada no dia 05/12/2000 e através da avaliação de produção de massa fresca, diâmetro e comprimento do colmo, e produção de massa seca, observou-se que não houve diferença estatística entre os diferentes regimes de freqüência de irrigação. Todavia, quando comparado com a testemunha, as irrigações proporcionaram um aumento médio maior que 45 % na produção de massa fresca e seca final dos colmos. / The aim of this study was to verify subsurface drip irrigation effects on sugarcane initial growth. Drip lines were installed under crop lines at 0,3 m depth. Sugarcane was planted in 03/03/2000, and the drip irrigation treatments began on 04/01/2000. The experimental design was entirely randomized, with four treatments and four replications, related to irrigation frequency. Irrigation system was turned on when crop evapotranspiration reached 10, 20 and 30 mm for the treatments 1, 2 e 3, respectively. Treatment 4 was the control (without irrigation). Harvest was carried out on 12/05/2000, and fresh and dry weight, stem diameter and length were evaluated; it was observed no statistical differences among irrigation frequencies, although irrigation increased fresh and dried yield over 45% when compared to the control treatment.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-02-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:29:02Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 masiero_moc_me_araiq_parcial.pdf: 159337 bytes, checksum: 4eb636fc3724eef5326659eceac0184f (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2015-07-02T12:36:09Z: masiero_moc_me_araiq_parcial.pdf,. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-07-02T12:37:31Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000685621_20190823.pdf: 159179 bytes, checksum: 87cac4ca086a6fd34d713ed1c92719c3 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A biomassa lignocelulósica contém quantidades significativas de fontes de carbono, sendo assim uma fonte de energia renovável. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estabelecer meios líquidos e sólidos para o estudo dos efeitos dos inibidores presentes nos hidrolisados do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar e, por fim, estabelecer um coquetel de inibidores que permitisse o crescimento e a fermentação da levedura Saccharomyces cerevisiae no meio líquido estabelecido. Por esta razão, o conjunto de resultados deste trabalho compreende três partes. A primeira parte foi dedicada ao estabelecimento de meios sólidos e líquidos para comparação de leveduras na presença do inibidor mais abundante do hidrolisado do bagaço de cana, o ácido acético. No meio sólido YPD, as diferentes linhagens de leveduras ensaiadas sofreram menos os efeitos inibitórios deste ácido do que o meio sintético solidificado. Em meio líquido, foi necessário adicionar 2% de extrato de levedura para ativar o crescimento da levedura 63M, mas este efeito foi suprimido em presença de ácido acético. As variações em pH inicial (3,5 – 5,5) afetaram mais a produção de etanol do que a biomassa, ao passo que a viabilidade não variou. A segunda parte deste trabalho foi dedicada ao estabelecimento de um meio sintético que permitisse o crescimento e fermentação da linhagem 63M em presença de ácido acético. O aumento de 33% em biomassa na presença de 83 mmol/L de ácido acético foi devido à elevação da glicose (10-18%) e do inóculo (5-10 mg/mL). As concentrações crescentes e variadas de ácido acético em meio sintético foi utilizado para estudar seus efeitos sobre o crescimento (inibição acima de 50 mmol/L), a viabilidade (acima de 250 mmol/L) e a produção de etanol (acima de 83 mmol/L). As concentrações de outros inibidores... / Lignocellulosic biomass contains significant quantities of carbon sources, being a renewable energy source. The aim of the present work was to determine liquid and solid media for the study of the effects of inhibitors present in hydrolysates of sugarcane bagasse, and to establish a cocktail of inhibitors that allow the growth and the fermentation of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the liquid medium established. Thus, the results of this work consist of three parts. The first part was dedicated to establishing solid and liquid media in order to compare different yeast strains in the presence of the most abundant inhibitor found in hydrolysates of sugarcane bagasse, the acetic acid. On YPD solid medium, this acid had less inhibitory effect on the different yeast strains tested than on the synthetic solid medium. In liquid medium, it was necessary to add 2% yeast extract to activate the growth of the strain 63M, but this effect was abolished in the presence of acetic acid. Variations in the initial pH (3.5 - 5.5) affected more the ethanol production than the biomass, while the viability was not influenced. The second part of this work was dedicated to establishing a synthetic medium that allows the growth and fermentation of the strain 63M in the presence of acetic acid. The 33% increase in biomass in the presence of 83 mmol/L acetic acid was due to the high glucose concentration (10-18%) and inoculum (5-10 mg/mL) used. The increasing concentrations of acetic acid in the synthetic medium were used to study its effects on growth (inhibition above 50 mmol/L), viability (over 250 mmol/L) and ethanol production (above 83 mmol/L). The concentrations of the other inhibitors had different limits of tolerance by the yeast... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-11-11Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:17:17Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 lima_tm_me_sjrp.pdf: 3143020 bytes, checksum: 3f1227b9298f115bd46d892732824859 (MD5) / As usinas sucroalcooleiras realizam co-geração de energia através da queima do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar obtendo desta forma um grande aproveitamento energético responsável pela diminuição dos custos gerados pela empresa e pela significativa diminuição dos impactos ambientais. Este subproduto tornou-se tão rentável ou até mesmo mais rentável que o açúcar e o álcool, quando produzido em períodos de estiagem, pois estas usinas revendem o excesso de energia para as companhias fornecedoras de eletricidade. Visando este aproveitamento energético obtido nas usinas co-geradoras, este estudo teve como objetivo a determinação do comportamento térmico do bagaço da cana-de-açúcar, empregando diferentes variedades de cana (SP84-2025, RB86-7515, RB85-5536, SP81-3250, SP83-2847 e SP84-1431); a realização da extração e quantificação da lignina, bem como sua caracterização térmica. A caracterização do potencial energético do bagaço e dos elementos que o compõem, foi realizada empregando a técnica de análise térmica, especificamente, a partir da obtenção das curvas termogravimétricas e sua derivada (TG-DTG) e de análise térmica diferencial (DTA). As curvas TG/DTG, obtidas para o bagaço de cana em atmosfera de ar sintético, para as diferentes variedades investigadas, permitiu sugerir que a variedade RB86-7515 apresentou a menor percentagem de poder calorífico, enquanto a SP84-1431 apresentou a maior percentagem. Em relação à extração de lignina, a variedade que produziu maior percentagem de extração foi a RB85-5536, e a que produziu menor percentagem foi a RB81-3250 / The factories perform sugarcane co-generation of energy by burning bagasse, sugar cane thus obtaining a large energy use accounts for reduction of the costs incurred by the company and the significant reduction of environmental impacts.This by-product has become so profitable or even more profitable than sugar and alcohol, when produced in periods of drought, as these plants resell excess power to the electricity supply companies. Aiming to use this energy obtained in co-generating factories, this study aimed to determine the thermal behavior of the crushed sugar cane, using different varieties of sugarcane (SP84-2025, RB86-7515, RB85-5536, SP81-3250, SP83-2847 and SP84-1431), the performance of extraction and quantification of lignin, as well as its thermal characterization. The characterization of the energy potential of bagasse and the elements that compose it, was carried out using the technique of thermal analysis, specifically, from the curves and its derivative thermogravimetric (TG-DTG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The curves TG / DTG obtained for sugarcane bagasse in an atmosphere of synthetic air, for different varieties investigated, possible to suggest that the variety RB86-7515 had the lowest percentage of calorific value, while the SP84-1431 showed the highest percentage. Regarding the extraction of lignin, the variety which produced a greater percentage of extraction was the RB85-5536, and which produced the lowest percentage was the RB81-3250

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-02-15Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:18:05Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 koga_psl_me_ilha.pdf: 1007820 bytes, checksum: fce60a402d8887b663e6c4ecb05e4aa1 (MD5) / O Estado de São Paulo maior produtor e exportador de cana de açúcar têm a região oeste paulista como fronteira para a expansão da cultura e fortalecimento do setor sucroenergético. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a expansão da cultura, caracterizar os fornecedores e suas associações, levantar e descrever a tecnologia utilizada, e avaliar economicamente a cultura da cana-de-açúcar no Escritório de Desenvolvimento Rural (EDR) de Andradina. Os dados foram levantados em 2011 e meados de 2012, através de entrevistas nas Associações, e da aplicação de questionários com 20 fornecedores de cana. Levantou-se que a idade média dos fornecedores era de 50 anos, a maioria possuía ensino médio e superior e era proprietário da terra. A pastagem foi a principal atividade substituída pela cana. O preço obtido pela produção da cana, a falta de capital de giro e o fato da colheita não ser realizada pela usina na época correta foram as principais dificuldades relatados pelo produtores. A AFOCAN e a AFCOP são associações pertencentes ao EDR estudado, que auxiliam os associados de diversas formas. Em relação às características agronômicas da produção de cana de açúcar, a maioria dos fornecedores realiza a calagem e gessagem em anos alternados, e as fórmulas mais utilizadas foram 05-25-20 no plantio, e 20-00-20 na soqueira. A cigarrinha das raízes (Mahanarva fimbriolata), broca da cana (Diatrea saccharalis e D. flavipennella) foram às pragas que causaram maior prejuízo econômico, e a Brachiaria (Brachiaria decumbens) foi relatada como a principal planta daninha. O sistema de colheita mecanizado já é predominante na região, com cana crua e cana queimada, a produtividade média obtida nos 5 cortes foi de 94 t/ha. Em relação a análise econômica, a receita bruta (RB) de todo o ciclo foi de R$ 28.200,00/ha... / The State of São Paulo is the largest producer and exporter of sugarcane it has the region west of São Paulo, as boarder for crop expansion and strengthening of the sugarcane industry. This study aimed to analyze the expansion of crop, characterize the suppliers and their associations, survey and describe the technology used and evaluate economically the sugarcane crop in the Rural Development Office (EDR) Andradina. The data were collected in 2011, through interviews in Associations, and the application of questionnaires to 20 sugarcane suppliers. . The survey shows that the average age of suppliers was 50 years old, the majority had high school and undergraduate and they were the owner of the land. The pasture was the main activity replaced by sugarcane. The price obtained for sugarcane production, lack of working capital and the fact that the harvest is not done at the right time by the plant were the main obstacles reported by producers. The AFOCAN and AFCOP are associations which belongs to EDR studied members that assist in several ways. Regarding the agronomic characteristcs of sugarcane production, most of suppliers apply lime and gypsum in alternate years, and the most used formulas were 05-25-20 during planting, and 20-00-20 at stumps. The leafhopper roots (Mahanarva fimbriolata), sugarcane borer (D. saccharalis and Diatrea flavipennella) were pests that caused the biggest economic loss, and Brachiaria (Brachiaria decumbens) was reported as the main weed. . The mechanized harvesting system is already prevalent in the region, with raw and burned sugarcane, and the average yield obtained in 5 cuts was 94 t/ha. Regarding the economic analysis, the gross incoming (RB) of the entire cycle was R$ 28,200.00/ha, with a total operating cost (TOC) of R$ 23,919.05 / ha, net income was... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Thesis (PhD (Genetics))—University of Stellenbosch, 2007. / Association analysis was used to improve the efficiency of breeding sugarcane varieties for the negatively correlated traits of resistance to sugarcane smut and the eldana stalk borer. 275 RFLP and 1056 AFLP markers were scored across a population of 77 genotypes representing the genetic variation present within the SASRI breeding programme. Genetic diversity analysis did not detect significant structure within the population. Regression analysis identified 64 markers significantly associated with smut rating and 115 markers associated with eldana rating at r2 > 6.25%. Individual markers with the largest effects explained 15.9% of the phenotypic variation in smut rating and 20.2% of the variation in eldana. Five markers were significantly associated with both smut and eldana. In each case the marker effect was negatively correlated between the two traits, suggesting that they are genetically as well as phenotypically negatively correlated.

Dissertation (PhD) -- University of Stellenbosch, 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids) is a commercial crop plant capable of storing up to 20% sucrose on a fresh mass basis in the culm. Knowledge about gene expression during sugarcane growth and maturation is limited. The aim of this study was to assess whether an Expressed Sequence Tag (EST)-based approach towards analysis of sugarcane would reveal new information about gene expression and metabolic processes associated with sugarcane growth and development. The specific objectives were two-fold: firstly, to develop an EST database for sugarcane and secondly, to identify and analyse genes that are expressed in different sugarcane tissue types and developmental stages, with a specific focus on leaf and culm. An EST database for sugarcane was initiated to obtain information on sugarcane gene sequences. A total cDNA library was constructed from sugarcane immature leaf (leaf roll: meristematic region) tissue and 250 clones randomly selected and subjected to single-pass DNA sequence analysis. Sugarcane ESTs were identified by sequence similarity searches against gene sequences in international databases. Of the 250 leaf roll clones, 26% exhibited similarity to known plant genes, 50% to non-plant genes while 24% represented new gene sequences. Analysis of the identified clones indicated sequence similarity to a broad diversity of genes. A significant proportion of genes identified in the leaf roll were involved in processes related to protein synthesis and protein modification, as would be expected in meristematic tissues. Submission of 495 sugarcane gene sequences to the dbEST database represented the first sugarcane ESTs released into the public domain. Two subtracted cDNA libraries were constructed by reciprocal subtractive hybridisation between sugarcane immature and maturing internodal tissue. To explore gene expression during sugarcane culm maturation, partial sequence analysis of random clones from maturing culm total and subtracted cDNA libraries was performed. Database comparisons revealed that of the 337 cDNA sequences analysed, 167 showed sequence homology to gene products in the protein databases while 111 matched uncharacterised plant ESTs only. The remaining cDNAs showed no database match and could represent novel genes. The majority of ESTs corresponded to a variety of genes associated with general cellular metabolism. ESTs homologous to various stress response genes were also well represented. Analysis of ESTs from the subtracted library identified genes that may be preferentially expressed during culm maturation. The expression patterns of sugarcane genes were examined in different tissue sources and developmental stages to identify differentially expressed genes. cDNA arrays containing 1000 random clones from immature leaf and maturing culm cDNA libraries were hybridised with poly (At RNA from immature leaf, mature leaf, immature culm and maturing culm. All cDNAs examined hybridised to all four probes, but differences in signal intensity were observed for individual cDNAs between hybridisation events. No cDNAs displaying tissue- or developmental-stage specific expression were detected. Comparisons between hybridisation patterns identified 61 cDNAs that were more abundantly expressed in immature and mature leaf than the culm. Likewise, 25 cDNAs preferentially expressed in immature and maturing culm were detected. ESTs established for the differentially expressed cDNAs revealed sequence homology to a diverse collection of genes in both the leaf and the culm. These included genes associated with general cellular metabolism, transport, regulation and a variety of stress responses. None of the differentially expressed genes identified in the culm were homologous to genes known to be associated with sucrose accumulation. To examme differences at the level of gene transcription between low sucroseaccumulating and high sucrose-accumulating tissues, subtracted cDNA libraries were utilised. To isolate cDNAs differentially expressed during culm maturation, cDNA arrays containing 400 random clones (200 from each library) were screened with total cDNA probes prepared from immature and maturing culm poly (At RNA. Results indicated that 36% and 30% of the total number of cDNAs analysed were preferentially expressed in the immature and maturing culm, respectively. Northern analysis of selected clones confirmed culm developmental stage-preferential expression for most of the clones tested. ESTs generated for the 132 differentially expressed clones isolated exhibited homology to genes associated with cell wall metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, stress responses and regulation, where the specific ESTs identified in the immature and maturing culm were distinct from each other. No developmentally regulated ESTs directly associated with sucrose metabolism were detected. These results suggest that growth and maturation of the sugarcane culm is associated with the expression of genes for a wide variety of metabolic processes. In addition, genes encoding enzymes directly involved with sucrose accumulation do not appear to be abundantly expressed in the culm. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Kommersiële suikerriet variëteite (Saccharum spp. hibriede) is in staat om tot 20% sukrose op 'n vars massa basis in die stingel op te berg. Kennis oor geenuitdrukking tydens groei en rypwording is beperk. Die doel van die huidige studie was om vas te stelof 'n grootskaalse karatersisering van die geenvolgordes wat uitgedruk word "Expressed Sequence Tag (EST)-based approach" tot nuwe inligting aangaande die aard en omvang van metabolisme tydens groei en ontwikkeling van suikerriet sal lei. 'n Tweeledige benadering is in hierdie studie gevolg. Eerstens is 'n data basis oor die gene wat uitgedruk word "EST" databasis opgestel. Tweedens is gene geïdentifiseer en gekarakteriseer wat spesifiek op verskillende stadiums van ontwikkeling en in spesifiek weefsel uitgedruk word. Vir die opstel van die EST-databasis is 250 klone uit 'n totale cDNA biblioteek vanaf RNA uit suikerrietblaarweefsel (blaarrol:meristematiese streek) op 'n lukraak basis gekies en aan 'n enkel eenrigting DNA volgorde analise onderwerp. Suikerrriet EST's is geïdentifiseer deur middel van homologie soektogte teen geenvolgordes in internasionale databasisse. Uit die 250 blaarrol klone het 26% ooreenkomste met bekende plant gene en, 50% met nie-plant gene getoon. Ongeveer 24% het nuwe geenvolgordes verteenwoordig. Analise van die geïdentifeseerde klone het ooreenkomste met 'n breë diversiteit van gene getoon. 'n Betekenisvolle gedeelte van gene wat in die blaarrol geïdentifiseer is, is by proteïensintese en proteïenmodifikasies betrokke. Dit is in ooreenstemming met wat van meristematiese weefsel verwag kan word. Die 495 suikerriet geenvolgordes wat in die internasionale dbEST databasis gestort is, is die eerste sodanige inligting in die publieke domein. Twee spesifieke cDNA biblioteke (subtraction libraries) wat volgordes spesifiek aan onvolwasse suikerriet en rypwordende internodale weefsel bevat is voorberei. Geenuitdrukking gedurende die rypwordingsproses van die suikerrietstingel is bestudeer deur geenvolgorde analises van onwillekeurige geselekteerde klone van die twee eDNA biblioteke te doen. Van die 337 geenvolgordes wat geanaliseer is het 167 homologie met bekende gene en net 111ooreenkomste met ongekarakteriseerde plant gene getoon. Die oorblywende geenvolgordes het geen ooreenkomste met bekende gene getoon nie en daar kan dus aanvaar word dat hulle nuwe gene verteenwoordig. Die meerderheid ESTs het ooreenkomste met verskeie gene wat met sellulêre metabolisme geassosieer word getoon. ESTs wat homoloog was aan verskeie spannings geassosieerde gene was ook goed verteenwoordig. Die analise het gene wat by voorkeur tydens stringelrypwording uitgedruk word geidentifiseer. Die geenuitdrukkingspatrone van suikerriet in weefsels van verskillende oorsprong en ontwikkelingstadia is ondersoek om differensieel uitgedrukte gene te identifiseer. Reekse wat 1000 lukrake eDNA klone van onvolwasse en rypwordende stingel eDNA biblioteke is met poli-(A)-RNA van onvolwasse blaar, volwasse blaar, onvolwasse stingel en volwasse stingel gehibridiseer. Al die eDNA klone wat ondersoek is het met al vier die peilers gehibridiseer. Die intensiteit van die seine het egter grootliks gevarieer. Die analise het gelei tot die identifisering van 61 eDNA klone wat teen hoër vlakke in onvolwasse en volwasse blaar as in die stingel uitgedruk word. Daar is ook 25 eDNA klone wat by voorkeur in onvolwasse en rypwordende stingel uitgedruk word gevind. Gene wat geassosieer word met gewone sel metabolisme, vervoer prosesse, regulering en verskeie spannings-geassosieerde reaksies, is in die twee groepe teenwoordig. Geeneen van die volgordes wat selektief uitgedruk word kan met gene wat direk met sukrose akkumulering verband hou geassosieer word nie. Ten einde eDNA klone wat differensieel tydens rypwording van die stingel uitgedruk word te isoleer, is 400 eDNA klone (200 van elke biblioteek) lukraak geselekteer en met totale eDNA peilers, wat uit onvolwasse en rypwordende stingel poli-(A)-RNA voorberei is, gesif. Resultate het aangetoon dat 36% en 30% van die totale getal eDNA klonewat geanaliseer is, by voorkeur in die onvolwasse en rypwordende stingel uitgedruk word. RNA kladanalises van geselekteerde klone het getoon dat die meeste ontwikkelingstadium spesifieke uirtdrukkingspatrone het. Daar is gevind dat 132 van die EST klone homologie met gene geassosieerd met selwand- en koolhidraatmetabolisme, spannings geassosieerde- en reguleringsreaksies, toon. Die spesifieke ESTs wat in die onvolwasse en rypwordende stingel geïdentifiseer is het van mekaar verskil. Nie een van die ESTs wat geïdentifiseer is kan direk met sukrose metabolisme geassosieer word nie. Hierdie werk toon baie duidelik aan dat groei en rypwording van die suikerrietstingel met die uitdrukking van gene geassosieerd is wat by 'n hele aantal metaboliese prosesse betrokke is. Die resultate toon ook dat die gene wat vir ensieme kodeer wat direk by sukrose akkumulering betrokke is, nie teen hoë vlakke in die stingel uitgedruk word nie.