Although female inmates are considered to be the population who are at high risk of committing suicide, little attention has been paid to this field, since most of suicide in correctional facilities are typically committed by males. This paper attempted to investigate some psychological factors which may affect female inmates’ suicidal ideation. Specifically, this paper focused on the role of psychache, intense and chronic psychological pain which leads to suicide. The data was collected from 95 female inmates in two Canadian prisons. The results indicated that psychache was the only factor which predicted the participants’ level of suicidal ideation. Therefore, it is suggested that the screening tools which focus on psychache will be useful in examining the inmates’ risk of suicide. Also, it shows that for the successful rehabilitation, providing the treatment which precisely addresses psychache among inmates is important.

BACKGROUND: Suicide is a leading cause of maternal death globally, and suicide prevalence rates have been shown to be increased in those with migraine. No previous study has examined the association between migraine and suicidal ideation during pregnancy. OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between migraine and suicidal ideation among a cohort of pregnant women. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 3372 pregnant women attending prenatal care clinics in Lima, Peru. Suicidal ideation and depression were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scale during early pregnancy. Migraine classification (including migraine and probable migraine) was based on International Classification of Headache Disorders-III beta criteria. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). RESULTS: Suicidal ideation was more common among those with migraine (25.6%) as compared to those with probable migraine (22.1%, P < .001) or non-migraineurs (12.3%, P < .001). After adjusting for confounders, including depression, those with migraine or probable migraine had a 78% increased odds of suicidal ideation (OR = 1.78; 95% CI: 1.46-2.17), as compared with non-migraineurs. Women with both migraine and depression had a 4.14-fold increased odds of suicidal ideation (OR = 4.14; 95% CI: 3.17-5.42) compared to those with neither condition. CONCLUSION: Migraine is associated with increased odds of suicidal ideation in pregnant women even when controlling for depression. These findings support the consideration of screening women with comorbid migraine and depression for suicidal behavior during pregnancy. / Revisión por pares

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Trait expectancies are related to several aspects of psychological well-being. Specifically, hope, optimism, and hopelessness have been associated with positive and negative indicators of mental health, including suicidality. In addition to empirical similarities, these constructs also have substantial conceptual and measurement overlap. Moreover, while current literature suggests hope and optimism are unique constructs, the distinctions between hopelessness, hope, and optimism remain unclear. The main goals of the present study were: 1) to identify the best structural conceptualization of hope, optimism, and hopelessness; and 2) to apply this conceptualization to examine how different trait expectancies uniquely predict suicidal ideation. Undergraduate students (N= 456) completed a battery of questionnaires at two time points, two months apart. To achieve the first goal, a series of a priori factor models of hope, optimism, and hopelessness was tested using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). CFA was also performed to confirm the best factor structure of suicidal ideation. Finally, using results from these CFAs, the differential relationships between trait expectancies and suicidal ideation were examined using latent variable path analysis. Results showed that hope, optimism, and hopelessness are best conceptualized as distinct but related constructs. Results also found that both hope and hopelessness predicted increased suicidal ideation over time; whereas, optimism was not predictive of suicidal ideation. Surprisingly, these results suggest that higher hope may be a risk factor for increased suicidal ideation among undergraduates.

The decision by teenagers either to consider or to attempt to commit suicide was addressed in this research. Covariance structure analysis (LISREL) techniques were used to examine the influence of four social-psychological factors (psychic disruption, delinquency, family disruption, and school problems) upon a suicidal orientation.

Trait expectancies are related to several aspects of psychological well-being. Specifically, hope, optimism, and hopelessness have been associated with positive and negative indicators of mental health, including suicidality. In addition to empirical similarities, these constructs also have substantial conceptual and measurement overlap. Moreover, while current literature suggests hope and optimism are unique constructs, the distinctions between hopelessness, hope, and optimism remain unclear. The main goals of the present study were: 1) to identify the best structural conceptualization of hope, optimism, and hopelessness; and 2) to apply this conceptualization to examine how different trait expectancies uniquely predict suicidal ideation. Undergraduate students (N= 456) completed a battery of questionnaires at two time points, two months apart. To achieve the first goal, a series of a priori factor models of hope, optimism, and hopelessness was tested using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). CFA was also performed to confirm the best factor structure of suicidal ideation. Finally, using results from these CFAs, the differential relationships between trait expectancies and suicidal ideation were examined using latent variable path analysis. Results showed that hope, optimism, and hopelessness are best conceptualized as distinct but related constructs. Results also found that both hope and hopelessness predicted increased suicidal ideation over time; whereas, optimism was not predictive of suicidal ideation. Surprisingly, these results suggest that higher hope may be a risk factor for increased suicidal ideation among undergraduates.

El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado. / Antepartum suicidal behaviors are a leading cause of maternal injury and death. Previous research has not investigated associations between antepartum suicidal ideation and perinatal complications. Our study objective was to evaluate the relationship of antepartum suicidal ideation with low infant birthweight, small for gestational age, and preterm birth. A cohort study was conducted among 1,108 women receiving prenatal care in Peru. Suicidal ideation was measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 during pregnancy. Birth outcomes were extracted from medical records. Linear regressions and multivariable logistic regressions were used to estimate were used to investigate associations between suicidal ideation and pregnancy outcomes. The prevalence of suicidal ideation was 8.7%, preterm delivery was 5.7%, low birthweight was 4.4%, and small for gestational age was 3.4%. In an adjusted model, infant birthweight was 94.2 grams lower for mothers with antepartum suicidal ideation (95% CI: −183.0, −5.5, p = 0.037) compared with those without suicidal ideation. After adjusting for confounders including depression, participants with suicidal ideation had a nearly four-fold increased odds of delivering a small for gestational age infant (OR: 3.73; 95% CI: 1.59–8.74). These findings suggest suicidal ideation during pregnancy is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes, especially low infant birthweight. / Revisión por pares

Suicide embodies a considerable but often preventable loss of life. As the second leading cause of death for young people in Canada between the ages of 15 and 24, nearly one-quarter of all annual deaths for this age group are accounted for by those who have died by suicide. Greater still is the prevalence of suicidal behaviour. Annually, suicide and suicidal behaviours across the age span are estimated to cost the Canadian economy $2.2 billion. Given the high personal costs to victims, survivors, and taxpayers, it seems crucial that prevention strategies be implemented to reduce the high rate of suicide and suicidal behaviours, as well as to promote mental health, particularly in youth. The promotion of positive mental health and well-being is especially relevant for youth living in rural areas. Fewer mental health resources are available in rural communities than in urban centres. Moreover, youth living in rural, low population density areas often do not believe that their anonymity and right to privacy would be protected if they were to seek mental health services. The present research was carried out to provide a potential foundation for stimulating mental health promotion and suicide prevention approaches, differing by rural and urban community and by gender, before such concerns emerge. Through a survey of 813 (459 rural youth; 354 urban youth) secondary school youth in Eastern Ontario, we examined the inverse association between suicidal ideation and engagement in extracurricular activities, such as sports, music, drama, or community groups. Who is at greatest risk: It was found that rural youth reported significantly more suicidal thoughts than did urban youth (p < .01). Perceived social support accounted for rural and urban differences, while difficulties coping with daily stressors accounted for gender differences, in self-reported suicidal ideation. Thus, “red flags” for communities at risk could include perceived deficits in social support within a given community, as well as having a number of young females who indicate poor coping with daily stressors. What factors to target: Depressive symptoms, risk behaviours, self-esteem, and social support differed in importance in the prediction of suicidal ideation based on rural-urban setting and gender. Results reflecting differences underscore the importance of examining such factors in mental health research. A “one size fits all” approach to youth mental health promotion and suicide prevention does not appear to be a prudent strategy. How to intervene: Youth engagement was explored as one possible means of intervention. In rural youth, personally meaningful engagement and engagement in a number of activities was directly inversely related to suicidal ideation. Regression analyses involving interaction analyses were carried out with youth engagement as a moderator for mental health indicators such as depressive symptoms, risk behaviours, self-esteem, and social support in the prediction of suicidal ideation. Through simple slope analyses, it was found that youth engagement significantly reduces the relationships between suicidal ideation and mental health indicators, particularly for males (p < .001). Therefore, youth engagement appears to be more universally beneficial for rural youth, given that rural dwelling appears to be a risk factor for suicidal ideation. Moreover, for male youth at risk for suicidal ideation, given depressive symptoms, risk behaviours, low self-esteem, and low perceived social support, youth engagement may be of particular benefit. With knowledge of who is at greatest risk for suicidal ideation, what factors to target, and a possible intervention road map, we can reach youth and foster resiliency before suicidal thoughts emerge.

Suicide embodies a considerable but often preventable loss of life. As the second leading cause of death for young people in Canada between the ages of 15 and 24, nearly one-quarter of all annual deaths for this age group are accounted for by those who have died by suicide. Greater still is the prevalence of suicidal behaviour. Annually, suicide and suicidal behaviours across the age span are estimated to cost the Canadian economy $2.2 billion. Given the high personal costs to victims, survivors, and taxpayers, it seems crucial that prevention strategies be implemented to reduce the high rate of suicide and suicidal behaviours, as well as to promote mental health, particularly in youth. The promotion of positive mental health and well-being is especially relevant for youth living in rural areas. Fewer mental health resources are available in rural communities than in urban centres. Moreover, youth living in rural, low population density areas often do not believe that their anonymity and right to privacy would be protected if they were to seek mental health services. The present research was carried out to provide a potential foundation for stimulating mental health promotion and suicide prevention approaches, differing by rural and urban community and by gender, before such concerns emerge. Through a survey of 813 (459 rural youth; 354 urban youth) secondary school youth in Eastern Ontario, we examined the inverse association between suicidal ideation and engagement in extracurricular activities, such as sports, music, drama, or community groups. Who is at greatest risk: It was found that rural youth reported significantly more suicidal thoughts than did urban youth (p < .01). Perceived social support accounted for rural and urban differences, while difficulties coping with daily stressors accounted for gender differences, in self-reported suicidal ideation. Thus, “red flags” for communities at risk could include perceived deficits in social support within a given community, as well as having a number of young females who indicate poor coping with daily stressors. What factors to target: Depressive symptoms, risk behaviours, self-esteem, and social support differed in importance in the prediction of suicidal ideation based on rural-urban setting and gender. Results reflecting differences underscore the importance of examining such factors in mental health research. A “one size fits all” approach to youth mental health promotion and suicide prevention does not appear to be a prudent strategy. How to intervene: Youth engagement was explored as one possible means of intervention. In rural youth, personally meaningful engagement and engagement in a number of activities was directly inversely related to suicidal ideation. Regression analyses involving interaction analyses were carried out with youth engagement as a moderator for mental health indicators such as depressive symptoms, risk behaviours, self-esteem, and social support in the prediction of suicidal ideation. Through simple slope analyses, it was found that youth engagement significantly reduces the relationships between suicidal ideation and mental health indicators, particularly for males (p < .001). Therefore, youth engagement appears to be more universally beneficial for rural youth, given that rural dwelling appears to be a risk factor for suicidal ideation. Moreover, for male youth at risk for suicidal ideation, given depressive symptoms, risk behaviours, low self-esteem, and low perceived social support, youth engagement may be of particular benefit. With knowledge of who is at greatest risk for suicidal ideation, what factors to target, and a possible intervention road map, we can reach youth and foster resiliency before suicidal thoughts emerge.

As the second leading cause of death among college students, suicide has become an increasingly prominent focus for campus mental health initiatives. Suicide prevention efforts frequently rely on the induction of students with suicidal ideation into counseling services, either through self-referral or referrals from friends, family members, and university staff. However, nearly half of students who seriously contemplate taking their lives do not tell anyone that they are struggling with suicidal thoughts. Concealment of suicidal ideation, particularly from one‟s informal support network, is not well understood, and no studies to date have examined this phenomenon among college students. Using archival data from a national survey of suicidal crises among college students collected in 2006 by The National Research Consortium of Counseling Centers in Higher Education, this study explored college students‟ self-reported reasons for concealing their suicidal ideation. Content analysis was used to categorize students‟ qualitative responses to an open-ended question asking why they chose not to tell anyone about their suicidal thoughts. Nine primary themes emerged from this inquiry: (1) perceived lack of need for help, (2) concern for the well being of others, (3) dispositional orientation towards privacy, (4) perceived pointlessness of seeking help, (5) anticipated negative reactions from others, (6) internal negative evaluation of suicidality, (7) fear of repercussions, (8) avoidance of interference from others, and (9) perception of having no one to tell. Multilevel modeling was then used to explore associations between demographic characteristics, reasons for concealment endorsed, and likelihood of attempting suicide within the 12-month period under study. Findings from this study contribute to an understanding of help avoidance among suicidal individuals and have implications for campus suicide prevention programming. / text

Suicide embodies a considerable but often preventable loss of life. As the second leading cause of death for young people in Canada between the ages of 15 and 24, nearly one-quarter of all annual deaths for this age group are accounted for by those who have died by suicide. Greater still is the prevalence of suicidal behaviour. Annually, suicide and suicidal behaviours across the age span are estimated to cost the Canadian economy $2.2 billion. Given the high personal costs to victims, survivors, and taxpayers, it seems crucial that prevention strategies be implemented to reduce the high rate of suicide and suicidal behaviours, as well as to promote mental health, particularly in youth. The promotion of positive mental health and well-being is especially relevant for youth living in rural areas. Fewer mental health resources are available in rural communities than in urban centres. Moreover, youth living in rural, low population density areas often do not believe that their anonymity and right to privacy would be protected if they were to seek mental health services. The present research was carried out to provide a potential foundation for stimulating mental health promotion and suicide prevention approaches, differing by rural and urban community and by gender, before such concerns emerge. Through a survey of 813 (459 rural youth; 354 urban youth) secondary school youth in Eastern Ontario, we examined the inverse association between suicidal ideation and engagement in extracurricular activities, such as sports, music, drama, or community groups. Who is at greatest risk: It was found that rural youth reported significantly more suicidal thoughts than did urban youth (p < .01). Perceived social support accounted for rural and urban differences, while difficulties coping with daily stressors accounted for gender differences, in self-reported suicidal ideation. Thus, “red flags” for communities at risk could include perceived deficits in social support within a given community, as well as having a number of young females who indicate poor coping with daily stressors. What factors to target: Depressive symptoms, risk behaviours, self-esteem, and social support differed in importance in the prediction of suicidal ideation based on rural-urban setting and gender. Results reflecting differences underscore the importance of examining such factors in mental health research. A “one size fits all” approach to youth mental health promotion and suicide prevention does not appear to be a prudent strategy. How to intervene: Youth engagement was explored as one possible means of intervention. In rural youth, personally meaningful engagement and engagement in a number of activities was directly inversely related to suicidal ideation. Regression analyses involving interaction analyses were carried out with youth engagement as a moderator for mental health indicators such as depressive symptoms, risk behaviours, self-esteem, and social support in the prediction of suicidal ideation. Through simple slope analyses, it was found that youth engagement significantly reduces the relationships between suicidal ideation and mental health indicators, particularly for males (p < .001). Therefore, youth engagement appears to be more universally beneficial for rural youth, given that rural dwelling appears to be a risk factor for suicidal ideation. Moreover, for male youth at risk for suicidal ideation, given depressive symptoms, risk behaviours, low self-esteem, and low perceived social support, youth engagement may be of particular benefit. With knowledge of who is at greatest risk for suicidal ideation, what factors to target, and a possible intervention road map, we can reach youth and foster resiliency before suicidal thoughts emerge.