No description available.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2009. / Title from PDF title page (viewed Feb. 3, 2010). Additional advisors: Renato Camata, Derrick Dean, Chris M. Lawson, Andrei Stanishevsky, Sergey Vyazovkin. Includes bibliographical references (p. 133-140).

No description available.

This thesis discusses diverse electrochemical strategies for the determination of the concentration of the gases hydrogen sulfide, ammonia and halothane. The chemical tagging of sulfide by a variety of structurally diverse substituted benzoquinone species was studied over a wide range of pH (2<pH<10). Each derivative was found to respond to increasing concentration of sulfide (typically over a range 10-200 μM). The electrochemically initiated reaction of N,N-diethyl-pphenylenediamine (DEPD) with sulfide in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) was next examined with quantitative detection of sulfide (linear range= 28-3290 μM, LoD= 22 μM) achieved by analysis of the increase in the second oxidation wave. This is consistent with the sulfide attacking the doubly oxidised species in a 1,4-Michael addition. The direct oxidation of sulfide at a nickel hydroxide film on a nickel electrode in alkaline solution has provided the basis for the design of a simple and inexpensive sensor for monitoring H₂S in the range 20-200 μM. More sensitive (LoD= 1 (μM) amperometric detection of sulfide was obtained at modified nickel electrodes in acidic media in which sulfide was stripped from the nickel oxide layer. This approach was exploited further by using nickel modified screen printed carbon (Ni-SPC) electrodes as economical and disposable sensors for sulfide. Next, two different strategies for determining gaseous ammonia in the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluromethylsulfonyl)imide, [EMIM][N(Tf)₂], and in DMF are described. The first approach exploits the effect of ammonia as a proton acceptor species on the anodic oxidation of hydroquinone, resulting in a linear detection range from 10 to 95 ppm ammonia (LoD= 4.2 ppm). The second approach is based on the direct oxidation of ammonia in either DMF or [EMIM][N(Tf)₂]. The possibility of photochemically induced electrocatalytic processes within microdroplets containing p-chloranil (2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone, TCBQ) was examined as a means of detecting the anaesthetic gas halothane.</p> Finally, two of the more promising routes for sulfide detection were studied at elevated temperatures (up to 70 °C) with a view to developing H₂S sensors capable of meeting the demands of oilfield applications.

Das Ziel dieser Arbeit war die Anwendung intakter Mikroorganismen auf organische Sulfide zur asymmetrischen Synthese von optisch aktiven Sulfoxiden. Die im Vergleich zu den aufwendigen und teueren Reaktionen mit isolierten Enzymen besonders effizienten Rahmenbedingungen bei sogenannten `whole-cell´-Umsetzungen stellten den Grund für die Bemühungen in dem stetig an Bedeutung gewinnenden Arbeitsfeld der Bioorganischen Chemie dar. Die wesentlichen Ergebnisse dieser Studien sind im Folgenden zusammengefasst: 1. Die Mikroorganismen wurden isoliert, singularisiert und kultiviert. Eine Bodenprobe diente als Quelle für eine Vielzahl an Bakterien, Hefen und Pilzen, die mit dem Standardsubstrat Thioanisol auf ihre Fähigkeit zur enantioselektiven Sulfoxidation überprüft wurden. 2. Insgesamt sind sechs Keime nach standardisierten Methoden genotypisch charakterisiert und den entsprechenden Spezies zugeordnet worden. Die beiden Bakterienstämme mit den bei der Sulfoxidation höchsten Enantiomeren-überschüssen (ee-Werten), nämlich Arthrobacter aurescens (bildete das S-Enantiomer) und Pseudomonas frederiksbergensis (lieferte das R-Enantiomer), wurden für nachfolgende Biosynthesen verwendet. Pseudomonas frederiksbergensis war der einzige Stamm, der das R-Enantiomer im Überschuss produzierte. 3. Durch direkte Vergleiche der Biosyntheseleistung der isolierten Bakterien mit kommerziell erhältlichen Referenzstämmen wurde im Fall von Pseudomonas frederiksbergensis gezeigt, dass sich Bodenisolat und zugeordneter Referenz-stamm gegensätzlich enantioselektiv verhalten. Weitere Charakterisierungs-sonden (Farb- und Assimilationsreaktionen, Oberflächenfettsäureverteilung, „Siderophore-Typing“ und direkter rRNA Vergleich) sicherten die Zugehörigkeit beider Bakterienstämme als Pseudomonas frederiksbergensis-Spezies; keinerlei Unterschiede wurden zwischen den beiden Stämmen festgestellt. Zum ersten Mal werden somit zwei natürliche, nicht genetisch manipulierte Stämme von Pseudomonas frederiksbergensis beschrieben, deren Enzymaktivität eine entgegengesetzte Enantioselektivität in der mikrobiellen `whole-cell´ asym-metrischen Sulfoxidation aufweist. 4. In einem umfangreichen Substratscreening sind strukturvariierte organische Sulfide als Substrate zur bakteriellen Sulfoxidation eingesetzt worden. Anhand der ee-Werte wurde der Einfluss der Sulfidstruktur auf den Reaktionsverlauf bestimmt. Generell erwiesen sich Arylalkylsulfide als optimale Substrate für die bakterielle Sulfoxidation mit den isolierten und kommerziell erworbenen Stämmen von Arthrobacter aurescens und Pseuodomonas frederiksbergensis; aliphatische Sulfide wurden zur biokatalytischen Umsetzung nicht akzeptiert. 4a. Elektronenreiche para-Substituenten am Arylsystem ergaben teilweise enantio-merenreine Sulfoxide. 4b. Eine zunehmende Anzahl an Stickstoffatomen im Arylring (N-heterozyklische Grundstruktur) führte zu einer dramatischen Verringerung des ee-Wertes. 4c. Schwefelhaltige Furfuryle und Thiophene wurden nicht als Substrate für die enantioselektive Sulfoxidation akzeptiert. 4d. Der Einsatz schwefelhaltiger Pestizide in der Biokatalyse verlief erfolglos, allerdings wurden die Organophosphorpestizide Fenamiphos® und Fenthion® mit dem aus Sulfoxidationsreaktionen lange bekannten Enzym Chlorperoxidase (CPO) enantiomerenangereichert umgesetzt. 4e. Die biotechnologisch wichtige Anwendung der asymmetrischen Sulfoxidation in der Arzneistoffsynthese -hier versucht mit den Wirkstoffen Omeprazol® und Modafinil®- schlug fehl. 5. Der Einsatz eines Bioreaktors (Fermenter) schuf die Grundlage für künftige asymmetrrische Sulfoxidationen in präparativem Maßstab. Eine Zellzahlstudie mit Pseudomonas frederiksbergensis wurde durchgeführt; ferner erfolgten Bestimmungen der optimalen Fermentationsparameter am Beispiel einfach strukturierter, organischer Sulfide inklusive Blindwerts- und Hemmversuchen. Die toxischen Einflüsse auf die bakteriellen `whole-cell´-Systeme, die vom eingesetzten Sulfid sowohl als auch vom produzierten Sulfoxid verursacht werden, bedürfen besonderer Beachtung bei einer weiteren Bearbeitung dieses Themas. Das vorgestellte, neue Phänomen der asymmetrischen Sulfoxidation mit entgegenge-setzter Enantioselektivität durch zwei geno- und phänotypisch identische Spezies von Pseudomonas frederiksbergensis rechtfertigt eine weitere, intensive Suche nach derartigen, natürlichen Mikroorganismen. / The goal of this study was to employ intact microorganisms for the asymmetric synthesis of optically active sulfoxides from organic sulfides. Especially the efficient and convenient conditions of the so-called `whole-cell´ transformations, compared to the elaborate and costly reactions with isolated enzymes, provided the incentives and impetus for the present efforts in the steadily growing and future-oriented field of bioorganic chemistry. The highlights of these studies are enumerated briefly below: 1. The microorganisms were isolated, singularized and cultivated. A soil sample served as source for the manifold bacteria, yeasts and fungi, which were tested for their efficacy of enantioselectively sulfoxidizing phenyl methyl sulfide as the standard model substrate. 2. A total of six microorganisms were genotypically characterized by standard methods and assigned to the corresponding species. The two bacterial strains with the highest enantiomeric excess (ee value) in the sulfoxidation, namely Arthrobacter aurescens (which forms the S enantiomer) and Pseudomonas frederiksbergensis (which forms the R enantiomer), were used for the prospective biosynthetic experiments. Pseudomonas frederiksbergensis was the only strain which produced preferentially the R enantiomer. 3. Direct comparison of the biosynthetic performance of the isolated bacteria with commercially available reference strains revealed that Pseudomonas frederiksbergensis (the isolated soil strain) displayed an opposing sense in the enantioselectivity than the reference strain. Further characterization tests (color and assimilation reactions, surface fatty acid spectra, siderophore typing and direct rRNA comparison) secured that both bacterial strains belong to the Pseudomonas frederiksbergensis species, since no differences whatsoever were found between both strains. Thus, for the first time two natural, genetically not manipulated strains of Pseudomonas frederiksbergensis are reported, which possess an opposing sense in the enantioselectivity for the microbial `whole-cell´ asymmetric sulfoxidation. 4. In an extensive substrate screening, a variety of organic sulfide structures was submitted to the bacterial asymmetric sulfoxidation. On the basis of the ee values, the influence of the sulfide structure on the course of the reaction was assessed. Generally speaking, the aryl alkyl sulfides proved to be optimal substrates for the bacterial sulfoxidation by the isolated and commercially available strains of Arthrobacter aurescens and Pseudomonas frederiksber-gensis; aliphatic sulfides were not accepted in biocatalytic enantioselective conversions. Specifically, the following trends obtain: 4a. Electron-rich para substituents on the aryl system afforded enantiomerically pure sulfoxides. 4b. An increasing number of nitrogen atoms in the aryl ring (N-heterocyclic structure) led to a dramatic decrease of the ee values. 4c. Sulfur-containing furfurals and thiophenes were not accepted in the present enantioselective sulfoxidation. 4d. The use of sulfur-containing pesticides as substrates in the biocatalysis failed, but the phosphor-containing organic pesticides Fenamiphos® and Fenthion® were converted to the respective enantiomerically enriched sulfoxides by chloroperoxidase (CPO), an enzyme known to catalyze asymmetric sulfoxidation. 4e. The application of the biotechnologically important asymmetric sulfoxidation in drug synthesis -in particular the pharmaceutical agents Omeprazol® and Modafinil®- failed. 5. The use of a fermenter established the basis for future asymmetric sulfoxidations on a preparative scale. A cell-count study with Pseudomonas frederiksbergensis was conducted and the fermentation parameters were optimized with simple organic sulfides by employing blanks and inhibition tests. The toxicity of the sulfide substrate and the sulfoxide product on the bacterial `whole-cell´ systems demands particular attention in future work. The new phenomenon of asymmetric sulfoxidation by the two genotypically and phenotypically identical species of Pseudomonas frederiksbergensis displays an opposing sense in the enantioselectivity, which encourages to search intensively for other such natural microorganisms.

A dissertation submitted to the faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Witwatersrand in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Engineering 28 January 2017 / Batch scale laboratory testwork was conducted to evaluate collector and depressant addition on flotation performance of a nickel sulphide ore. The objectives of the study were to: 1. develop an understanding of the effects of collector and depressant dosage, and its interactive effects, on flotation performance and 2. determine the effect of stage dosing collector and depressant on flotation performance. Testwork was conducted on the Nkomati Main Mineralized zone orebody, a nickel sulphide orebody in the Mpumulanga Province of South Africa consisting of pentlandite, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, pyrite and magnesium bearing silicates. Characterisation testwork was conducted, including mineralogy on the major plant streams (by QEMSCAN) and a process survey. The results indicated that there was potential to increase the recovery of coarse pentlandite and that major nickel losses were observed in ultrafine pentlandite. Milling optimisation requires the minimisation of ultrafine generation while ensuring adequate liberation of the course nickel. Stage dosing of collector at nodal points (where more than one stream meets) is currently practiced on the plant, however, its effect had not yet been quantified on the plant or in the laboratory. Stage dosing of depressant is currently practiced on the cleaner flotation stage, however, this too has not been compared to upfront dosage on its own. Significant gangue depression was noted specifically for the cell at which stage dosing was done. The current study would provide an understanding of the current practices with the possibility of offering improvements. The addition of collector progressively improved the hydrophobicity of the sulphide minerals and gangue (with particular emphasis on magnesium bearing gangue), improving recovery significantly. As a result of additional gangue recovery at the higher collector dosages, increased depressant dosages were required to maximise nickel recovery. The collector improved valuable mineral recovery, however, gangue recovery was increased simultaneously, albeit at a reduced rate or in reduced quantities. Furthermore, increased gangue entrainment was evident at higher collector dosages from the increase in water recovery. Excessive depressant addition destabilised the froth phase by the rejection of froth stabilising gangue, which resulted in reduced recovery of the valuable minerals. Therefore, a careful balance must be maintained in order to maximise nickel recovery. Iron recovery was markedly increased at higher reagent dosages, indicative of increased pyrrhotite recovery. Pyrrhotite, although containing nickel, reduces the concentrate grade and may need to be depressed in the latter stages of flotation to ensure the final concentrate specification is achieved. This is an important observation as any improvement in nickel recovery in the roughing stages must be evaluated against the subsequent effect on the cleaning stages. Stage dosing both collector and depressant, individually and collectively, proved to be beneficial by improving the nickel recovery. Stage dosing of both collector and depressant produced higher recoveries than stage dosing of the reagents individually. The time at which the reagent is dosed also proved to have an effect on the performance with an increased dosage in the latter stages providing the highest recovery. The typical recovery by size performance for flotation is characterised by low recovery of fines and coarse with an optimum recovery of an intermediate size fraction. Stage dosing ensures that fine particles are recovered with minimal reagent addition upfront, thereby, coarser particles can be effectively recovered once the high reagent consuming fines are removed. The results have indicated that stage dosing improved the recovery of both coarse and fine particles, whilst reducing the recovery of the intermediate size fraction. Stage dosing can be implemented for two reasons: 1. maximising recovery 2. minimising reagent consumption to achieve the same recovery as upfront dosing A financial evaluation should be conducted to quantify the optimum operating solution. Minimising reagent consumption could be beneficial under conditions of very low commodity prices and excessive reagent costs. / MT2017

La contamination métallique dans l'environnement est l'un des problèmes mondiaux persistants car non seulement elle perturbe la qualité de l'environnement, mais aussi l'environnement et la santé humaine. La principale contribution à ce problème se pose principalement des activités anthropiques telles que les industries. La rareté de métal est devenu plus sévère récents où certains éléments ont été prédit pour être pleinement éradiquée depuis plusieurs décennies de la croûte terrestre. Récemment, des chercheurs ont concentré leur attention pour récupérer ces métaux dans le flux des déchets et de la réutiliser dans les processus de production industrielle. L'utilisation des déchets agricoles comme adsorbant potentiel à faible coût pour l'enlèvement des métaux lourds des eaux usées est une des technologies les plus polyvalents. Dans cette étude entre les différents adsorbants testés, coquille d'arachide établi rendements d'épuration élevés avec moins d'exigences pour un traitement ultérieur de poste pour le Cu, Pb et Zn retrait. En outre, les expériences de lots sur les principaux effets des paramètres du procédé (pH, adsorbant dosage, temps de contact et de la concentration initiale de métal) ont montré un effet majeur sur l'absorption des métaux et de l'efficacité de l'enlèvement. Pour la régénération matériau, HCl 0.2 M était la solution de désorption la plus efficace qui ne altère pas l'efficacité, jusqu'à trois cycles d'adsorption et de désorption. L'utilisation de bactéries réductrices de sulfate (SRB) dans des bioréacteurs est une autre technologie qui peut être appliqué pour le traitement de métal contaminé les eaux usées. Le SRB réduire le sulfate en sulfure, qui réagit en outre avec des métaux pour former des précipités de sulfures métalliques. Le lit fluidisé (IFB) bioréacteur inverse est la configuration qui présente la proéminence en utilisant la technologie de SRB pour le traitement des eaux usées métalliques contaminés. Deux bioréacteurs IFB ont été opérés à différents pH (7.0 et 5.0). L'activité de SRB à pH 7.0 était plus élevée qu'à un pH de 5.0, ce qui montre que le pH est le principal facteur qui affecte SRB. Cependant, le thiosulfate a montré une efficacité supérieure à celle du sulfate en tant qu'accepteur d'électrons alternatif. Le sulfure produit en utilisant du thiosulfate comme accepteur d'électrons était 157.0 mg / L, tandis que seulement 150.2 mg / L a été produit en utilisant du sulfate et il a fallu une période d'adaptation à un pH de 5.0 avant la réussite de l'opération. En outre, l'IFB a montré sa grande efficacité pour le Cu, Ni et Zn élimination des eaux usées synthétique. L'élimination de Cu et Zn étaient plus de 90% à pH 7.0 et 5.0, à une concentration initiale de métal de 25 mg / L. D'autre part, l'élimination de Ni ne était pas éliminé à une concentration initiale de 25 mg / L comme il a montré des effets toxiques à l'égard SRB. Il existe différents types de flux de déchets contaminés par des métaux qui se présentent comme un bon candidat pour la récupération des métaux comprennent e-déchets. Cet e-déchets a un fort potentiel en tant que source secondaire de métal pour récupérer les métaux en particulier base tels que Cu, Ni et Zn. Cartes de circuits imprimés (PCB) d'ordinateurs personnels ont été évalués comme source secondaire potentielle de Cu, Ni et Zn en utilisant des méthodes de précipitation hydrométallurgiques et de sulfure. Les conditions optimales pour la lixiviation des métaux étaient de 0.1 M HNO3 avec un rapport liquide solide de 20 à l'aide de PCB de 0.5 - taille des particules de 1.0 mm à 60 ° C qui a abouti à 400 mg Cu / g PCB. Avec la précipitation de sulfure à un rapport stoechiométrique de 1: 1 (Cu: S2-), la récupération de Cu a été très efficace jusqu'à 90% de la solution de lixiviation a représenté à environ 0.41 g Cu / g BPC, tout en Ni et Zn étaient récupération 40 % et 50% pour les lixiviats d'une colonne à courant ascendant de lixiviation, respectivement / Metal contamination in the environment is one of the persisting global issues since it not only disturbs the environmental quality but also the environment and human health. The major contribution to this problem arises mainly from anthropogenic activities such as industries. Metal scarcity has become more severe lately where some elements have been predicted to be fully eradicated in several decades from the earth crust. Recently, researchers have focused their attention to recover these metals from the waste stream and reuse it in industrial production processes. The use of agricultural wastes as a potential low cost adsorbent for heavy metal removal from wastewater is one of the most versatile technologies. In this study among the different adsorbents tested, groundnut shell established high removal efficiencies with fewer requirements for further post treatment for Cu, Pb and Zn removal. Furthermore, the batch experiments on the main effects of process parameters (pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and initial metal concentration) showed a major effect on metal uptake and removal efficiency. For material regeneration, 0.2 M HCl was the most effective desorbing solution that did not alter the efficiency, up to three cycles of adsorption and desorption. The use of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) in bioreactors is another technology that can be applied for the treatment of metal contaminated wastewater. The SRB reduce sulfate into sulfide which further reacts with metals to form metal sulfide precipitates. The inverse fluidized bed (IFB) bioreactor is the configuration which shows prominence in utilizing SRB technology for metal contaminated wastewater treatment. Two IFB bioreactors were operated at different pH (7.0 and 5.0). The sulfate reducing activity (SRA) at pH 7.0 was higher than at pH 5.0, which shows that pH is the main factor that affects SRA. However, thiosulfate showed a higher efficiency than sulfate as an alternate electron acceptor. The sulfide produced using thiosulfate as the electron acceptor was 157.0 mg/L, while only 150.2 mg/L was produced using sulfate and it required an adaptation period at pH 5.0 prior to successful operation. Moreover, the IFB had shown its high efficiency for Cu, Ni and Zn removal from synthetic wastewater. The removal of Cu and Zn were more than 90% at pH 7.0 and 5.0, at an initial metal concentration of 25 mg/L. On the other hand, Ni removal was not removed at an initial concentration of 25 mg/L as it showed toxic effects toward SRB. There are various types of metal contaminated waste streams which pose as a good candidate for metal recovery include electronics waste (e-waste). This e-waste has a high potential as secondary source of metal to recover especially base metals such as Cu, Ni and Zn. Printed circuit boards (PCBs) of personal computers were evaluated as the potential secondary source of Cu, Ni and Zn using hydrometallurgical and sulfide precipitation methods. The optimal conditions for metal leaching were 0.1 M HNO3 with a liquid to solid ratio of 20 using PCBs of 0.5 - 1.0 mm particle size at 60 °C which resulted in 400 mg Cu/g PCBs. With sulfide precipitation at a stochiometric ratio of 1:1 (Cu:S2-), the recovery of Cu was very effective up to 90% from the leachate which accounted to approximately 0.41 g Cu/g PCBs, while Ni and Zn recovery were 40% (0.005 g Ni/g PCBs) and 50% (0.006 g Zn/g PCBs) for leachate from an upflow leaching column, respectively. This indicates Cu can be recovered from PCBs using sulfide precipitation

Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) is an important biologically produced gasotransmitter along with carbon monoxide (CO) and nitric oxide (NO). Unlike CO and NO, the bioinorganic chemistry of H2S reactivity with biologically relevant metal centers remains underinvestigated. To address this gap, several model bio(in)organic complexes were used to understand the ligation and reaction chemistry of H2S, including phthalocyanine, protoporphyrin IX, tetraphenyl porphyrin, and a pyridine diimine zinc complex. In addition to being a reactive gasotransmitter, the hydrosulfide anion (HS–) has been found to be an important biological anion. Studies with readily available cobalt and zinc phthalocyanines in organic solution illustrated the importance of protonation state in the ligation and redox chemistry of H2S and highlighted the need for an organic-soluble source of HS–. To address this need, we developed a simple method to prepare tetrabutylammonium hydrosulfide (NBu4SH). Using NBu4SH, we expanded the knowledge of H2S reaction chemistry to encompass a significantly larger set of biologically relevant metals beyond iron using the protoporphyrin IX scaffold, revealing three principle reaction pathways: binding, no response, or reduction and binding. Iron in biology is of particular importance given its role in oxygen transport in hemoglobin. The swamp-dwelling bivalve L. Pectinata hemoglobin 1 (Hb1) transports H2S, via ligation to heme, to symbiotic bacteria. The stabilization of H2S in Hb1 is believed to be from one of the following: a protected pocket, hydrogen bonding with a proximal glutamate residue, or a complex combination of these or other factors. By using Collman's "Picket-Fence" porphyrin to isolate the protected pocket model, we determined that a protected pocket alone as insufficient to account for H2S stabilization on Hb1. This realization led to an examination of hydrogen bonding in the secondary coordination sphere of a zinc complex. Finally, we explored the role of HS– as a biologically relevant anion using a bis(ethynylaniline) supramolecular receptor. We determined that rather than covalently modifying the receptor molecule, HS– was bound in the pocket, similar to bacterial anion transport channel. This dissertation includes previously published co-authored material.

Typescript. / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gas commonly produced in manure pits. When the manure is disturbed through manure handling activities such as pressure washing, agitating, and pumping out manure, H2S is released. During these activities H2S concentrations increase quickly and reach hazardous concentrations. Many fatalities from high H2S concentrations during manure handling activities have been reported internationally as well as in the Midwest. Occupations in general industry that have identified the potential for high H2S concentrations use monitors to warn worker of high H2S concentrations. However, in agriculture the adoption of H2S monitors is low. To encourage farmers to adopt H2S monitors, interactive training materials were created. Displays were deployed to locations that farmers frequent such as agricultural stores, extension offices, and cooperatives. Agricultural stores are defined here as locations that sell agricultural supplies wholesale, or retail, and services. These displays contained educational materials, two H2S monitors, and two types of bump testing gas for farmers to use. Along with the display passive trainings, six in-person trainings were completed where participants filled out surveys. The survey asked questions about the farmers knowledge and use of H2S monitors, likelihood of purchasing a H2S monitor in the future, easiest bump testing gas to use and the one preferred for future bump testing, and the location that farmers would prefer to go to for bump testing and monitor education. Survey participants were placed into two groups: livestock producers and commercial manure applicators. A total of 43 surveys were completed by these groups. The majority of both livestock producers and commercial manure applicators knew what H2S monitors were, but less than half of the participants actually used H2S monitors. Outreach focusing on H2S monitor use and maintenance should be continued. Hydrogen sulfide monitor use and maintenance training had the more attendance when added to an already existing training or meeting such as the manure applicator trainings or livestock producer meetings. In the survey, livestock producers and commercial manure applicators were asked the easiest type of bump testing gas where both groups chose that the calibration gas is easiest to use. When prices were included in the survey question for both bump testing gas systems, many more of livestock producers and commercial manure applicators responded that they could see themselves using neither in the future. Price of bump testing systems ($130-$220) can be a potential barrier for some farmers to not bump test their monitors, it would be beneficial for multiple farmers to share one bump testing system. Putting a bump testing system in at agricultural stores, cooperatives and extension offices would allow many farmers to use it. Commercial manure applicators reported that they had no preference in future locations for bump testing and monitor advice between the agricultural store, cooperatives, and extension offices. Livestock producers preferred agricultural stores a little more than cooperatives and extension offices, but all three locations should be used for continuing H2S monitor education. In our study agricultural stores had the most bump tests recorded, bump testing gas used, they purchased a bump testing system for their customers.