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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

A tripartite study on climate change, nitrogen-sulfur interactions, and sulfur’s role in Mississippi corn production

Sharma, Ramandeep Kumar 10 May 2024 (has links) (PDF)
Three studies were conducted with the objectives as i) to assess the impact of climate change on Mississippi (MS) corn production using 1970 to 2020 datasets, employing autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL), ii) A narrative review on the role of sulfur (S) in crop production, and iii) to investigate the corn response to multiple rates of nitrogen (N) and S. The first study findings revealed that the maximum temperature and precipitation had a negative effect on MS corn yield while minimum temperature and CO2 emissions posed a positive effect on corn yield. The second review study discussed the need for exploring the improvements required in S uptake, S use efficiency, systematic S fertilizing strategies, and precise and timely S diagnostic tools. Third study was a field experiment conducted at four-site years in 2021 and 2023 at Starkville, Brooksville, and Stoneville, Mississippi (MS) using a randomized complete block design with four replications. Treatments included 0, 112, 224, and 336 kg N ha-1 and 0, 22, 44, and 66 kg S ha-1, and their interactions. The key findings of this study were i) N x S interaction affected S agronomic efficiency (SAE) and S partial factor productivity (SPFP) at all site-years, N partial factor productivity (NPFP) at 2 site-years, and N leaf uptake (NLF), ear height, and grain oil at 1 site-year, ii) N-only treatments influenced grain yield, N agronomic efficiency (NAE), N grain uptake (NGR), protein, starch, seed index at all site-years, N uptake in leaf (NLF) and S uptake in leaf (SLF) at 3 site-years, and N partial factor productivity (NPFP), plant and ear height, stalk diameter, leaf area index (LAI), grain oil and S uptake in grain (SGR), at 2 site years, iii) S only treatments influenced starch at 2 site-years, and grain yield, N agronomic efficiency (NAE), protein, seed index, N uptake in grain (NGR), and S uptake in leaf (SLF) at 1 site-year. Although the response of S was less frequent at all the tested parameters, current findings indicated the vitality of S fertility for all parameters except growth parameters.
2

Modificações morfológicas e metabólicas em gramínea e leguminosa forrageiras tropicais relativas ao suprimento de enxofre / Metabolic and morphological changes in grass and legume tropical forages related to sulfur supply

Schmidt, Fábiana 12 December 2012 (has links)
O enxofre é um dos elementos essenciais para as plantas e as exigências nutricionais nesse nutriente variam com a espécie e a taxa de crescimento das plantas. Com o objetivo geral de avaliar o efeito da nutrição em enxofre no crescimento e no metabolismo do capimtanzânia (Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia) e do estilosante (Stylosanthes guianensis cv. Mineirão) desenvolveu-se a presente pesquisa com os objetivos específicos de avaliar os efeitos do fornecimento de enxofre em: i) modificações morfológicas, produtivas e nutricionais ocorridas na parte aérea e nas raízes; ii) metabolismo do nitrogênio e as consequentes alterações na composição e concentrações de aminoácidos; iii) concentrações de enxofre total, enxofre-sulfato e glutationa e na atividade das enzimas glutationa redutase e glutationa sulfo-transferase nas folhas recém-expandidas e raízes; iv) crescimento, metabolismo da glutationa e atividade das enzimas envolvidas no ciclo ascorbato-glutationa e v) absorção de sulfato e a expressão de genes de transportadores de sulfato. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em casa de vegetação e camara de crescimento, empregando-se soluções nutritivas. As doses de enxofre aplicadas foram ajustadas de modo a permitir nutrição baixa, intermediária e alta em enxofre para cada espécie. O enxofre afetou diretamente na emissão de folhas e de perfilhos, área foliar, comprimento e superfície radicular do capim-tanzânia e do estilosante Mineirão, aumentando a produção de massa seca da parte aérea e das raízes. A baixa disponibilidade de enxofre ocasionou o desequilíbrio nutricional com o nitrogênio nas plantas, evidenciado por alta relação nitrogênio:enxofre e altas concentrações de nitrato e aminoácidos livres no tecido vegetal. Sob limitação de enxofre, o capim apresentou predomínio de asparagina na composição aminoacídica, enquanto no estilosante ocorreu a predominância de arginina. A aplicação de enxofre aumentou as concentrações de enxofre total, enxofre-sulfato e glutationa nas folhas diagnósticas e raízes para ambas as espécies forrageiras. As plantas crescidas sob limitação de enxofre apresentaram alta atividade da enzima glutationa redutase visando regenerar a glutationa reduzida, que atua protegendo as células contra danos oxidativos decorrentes do estresse da deficiência nutricional. O fornecimento de enxofre aumentou a atividade da glutationa sulfo-transferase incrementando a capacidade do vegetal de suportar estresses ambientais. A baixa disponibilidade de enxofre induziu o aumento da atividade de enzimas antioxidantes que atuam na regeneração da glutationa e do ascorbato na forma reduzida. As plantas crescidas em baixa disponibilidade de enxofre apresentaram aumento da concentração de glutationa e maior alocação desse composto nas raízes. A distribuição de glutationa das folhas para as raízes em condição de limitação de enxofre regula a absorção de sulfato no capim e no estilosante de modo diferenciado. Para o capim com alta concentração de glutationa nas raízes decresce o influxo total de 34S, enquanto para o estilosante não ocasiona a redução da absorção de sulfato. / Sulfur is an essential element required by plants and the nutritional requirements in this nutrient vary according to species and plant growth rate. This research had the main objective of evaluating the effect of sulfur nutrition on growth and metabolism of Guinea grass (Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia) and stylo (Stylosanthes guianensis cv. Mineirão) and was developed with the specific objectives to determine the effects on i) morphological, productive and nutritional changes in plant shoots and roots, ii) nitrogen metabolism and the changes in the composition and concentrations of amino acids, iii) concentrations of total sulfur, sulfur-sulfate and glutathione and the activity of the enzymes glutathione reductase and glutathione sulfo-transferase in recently expanded leaves and roots, iv) growth, glutathione metabolism and activity of enzymes involved in ascorbate-glutathione cycle and v) sulfate uptake and expression of sulfur transporters genes. The experiments were carried out in greenhouse and growth chamber, by using nutrient solutions. Sulfur supply were adjusted to low, intermediate and high S nutrition for each species. Sulfur supply influences the emission of leaves, tillering, leaf area, root length and surface of Guinea grass and stylo increasing production of dry mass of aboveground and roots. Sulfur limitation alters the distribution of photosynthates between aboveground and roots of Guinea grass and stylo providing reduction in dry matter production of roots. The plants of Guinea grass increase root surface as a mechanism for adaptation to limited S in the culture medium. The relative chlorophyll index (RCI) in the recently expanded leaves relates to the production of dry mass of aboveground and can be used to assess S nutritional status in Guinea grass and stylo. The application of S proves necessary to increase production of dry mass in Guinea grass and stylo. Low S availability caused nutritional imbalance with N in Guinea grass and stylo plants, as shown by a high N:S ratio and high concentrations of N-nitrate and free amino acids in plant tissues. Among amino acids, asparagine predominated in S-limited guineagrass and arginine in Slimited stylo. Increased S supply regulates N:S ratio at values close to 20:1, which provides N and S concentrations that are more suitable for protein synthesis and forage production in plants of both species. Adding S increased concentrations of total S, S-sulfate, and glutathione in diagnostic leaves and roots of both species collected at the two harvests. Plants grown under S limitation showed high levels of GR activity, related to the regeneration of GSH, which acts to protect cells against oxidative damage caused by the stress of nutritional deficiency. S supply increased GST activity, and consequently plants\' capacity to withstand environmental stresses. Low S availability increased activity of the antioxidant enzymes that act in the regeneration of GSH and AsA. Plants grown with low S availability showed higher concentration of glutathione and greater allocation of glutathione to roots. For Guinea grass, high glutathione concentrations in roots decrease the 34S uptake. For stylo not cause reduction of 34S uptake.
3

Modificações morfológicas e metabólicas em gramínea e leguminosa forrageiras tropicais relativas ao suprimento de enxofre / Metabolic and morphological changes in grass and legume tropical forages related to sulfur supply

Fábiana Schmidt 12 December 2012 (has links)
O enxofre é um dos elementos essenciais para as plantas e as exigências nutricionais nesse nutriente variam com a espécie e a taxa de crescimento das plantas. Com o objetivo geral de avaliar o efeito da nutrição em enxofre no crescimento e no metabolismo do capimtanzânia (Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia) e do estilosante (Stylosanthes guianensis cv. Mineirão) desenvolveu-se a presente pesquisa com os objetivos específicos de avaliar os efeitos do fornecimento de enxofre em: i) modificações morfológicas, produtivas e nutricionais ocorridas na parte aérea e nas raízes; ii) metabolismo do nitrogênio e as consequentes alterações na composição e concentrações de aminoácidos; iii) concentrações de enxofre total, enxofre-sulfato e glutationa e na atividade das enzimas glutationa redutase e glutationa sulfo-transferase nas folhas recém-expandidas e raízes; iv) crescimento, metabolismo da glutationa e atividade das enzimas envolvidas no ciclo ascorbato-glutationa e v) absorção de sulfato e a expressão de genes de transportadores de sulfato. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em casa de vegetação e camara de crescimento, empregando-se soluções nutritivas. As doses de enxofre aplicadas foram ajustadas de modo a permitir nutrição baixa, intermediária e alta em enxofre para cada espécie. O enxofre afetou diretamente na emissão de folhas e de perfilhos, área foliar, comprimento e superfície radicular do capim-tanzânia e do estilosante Mineirão, aumentando a produção de massa seca da parte aérea e das raízes. A baixa disponibilidade de enxofre ocasionou o desequilíbrio nutricional com o nitrogênio nas plantas, evidenciado por alta relação nitrogênio:enxofre e altas concentrações de nitrato e aminoácidos livres no tecido vegetal. Sob limitação de enxofre, o capim apresentou predomínio de asparagina na composição aminoacídica, enquanto no estilosante ocorreu a predominância de arginina. A aplicação de enxofre aumentou as concentrações de enxofre total, enxofre-sulfato e glutationa nas folhas diagnósticas e raízes para ambas as espécies forrageiras. As plantas crescidas sob limitação de enxofre apresentaram alta atividade da enzima glutationa redutase visando regenerar a glutationa reduzida, que atua protegendo as células contra danos oxidativos decorrentes do estresse da deficiência nutricional. O fornecimento de enxofre aumentou a atividade da glutationa sulfo-transferase incrementando a capacidade do vegetal de suportar estresses ambientais. A baixa disponibilidade de enxofre induziu o aumento da atividade de enzimas antioxidantes que atuam na regeneração da glutationa e do ascorbato na forma reduzida. As plantas crescidas em baixa disponibilidade de enxofre apresentaram aumento da concentração de glutationa e maior alocação desse composto nas raízes. A distribuição de glutationa das folhas para as raízes em condição de limitação de enxofre regula a absorção de sulfato no capim e no estilosante de modo diferenciado. Para o capim com alta concentração de glutationa nas raízes decresce o influxo total de 34S, enquanto para o estilosante não ocasiona a redução da absorção de sulfato. / Sulfur is an essential element required by plants and the nutritional requirements in this nutrient vary according to species and plant growth rate. This research had the main objective of evaluating the effect of sulfur nutrition on growth and metabolism of Guinea grass (Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia) and stylo (Stylosanthes guianensis cv. Mineirão) and was developed with the specific objectives to determine the effects on i) morphological, productive and nutritional changes in plant shoots and roots, ii) nitrogen metabolism and the changes in the composition and concentrations of amino acids, iii) concentrations of total sulfur, sulfur-sulfate and glutathione and the activity of the enzymes glutathione reductase and glutathione sulfo-transferase in recently expanded leaves and roots, iv) growth, glutathione metabolism and activity of enzymes involved in ascorbate-glutathione cycle and v) sulfate uptake and expression of sulfur transporters genes. The experiments were carried out in greenhouse and growth chamber, by using nutrient solutions. Sulfur supply were adjusted to low, intermediate and high S nutrition for each species. Sulfur supply influences the emission of leaves, tillering, leaf area, root length and surface of Guinea grass and stylo increasing production of dry mass of aboveground and roots. Sulfur limitation alters the distribution of photosynthates between aboveground and roots of Guinea grass and stylo providing reduction in dry matter production of roots. The plants of Guinea grass increase root surface as a mechanism for adaptation to limited S in the culture medium. The relative chlorophyll index (RCI) in the recently expanded leaves relates to the production of dry mass of aboveground and can be used to assess S nutritional status in Guinea grass and stylo. The application of S proves necessary to increase production of dry mass in Guinea grass and stylo. Low S availability caused nutritional imbalance with N in Guinea grass and stylo plants, as shown by a high N:S ratio and high concentrations of N-nitrate and free amino acids in plant tissues. Among amino acids, asparagine predominated in S-limited guineagrass and arginine in Slimited stylo. Increased S supply regulates N:S ratio at values close to 20:1, which provides N and S concentrations that are more suitable for protein synthesis and forage production in plants of both species. Adding S increased concentrations of total S, S-sulfate, and glutathione in diagnostic leaves and roots of both species collected at the two harvests. Plants grown under S limitation showed high levels of GR activity, related to the regeneration of GSH, which acts to protect cells against oxidative damage caused by the stress of nutritional deficiency. S supply increased GST activity, and consequently plants\' capacity to withstand environmental stresses. Low S availability increased activity of the antioxidant enzymes that act in the regeneration of GSH and AsA. Plants grown with low S availability showed higher concentration of glutathione and greater allocation of glutathione to roots. For Guinea grass, high glutathione concentrations in roots decrease the 34S uptake. For stylo not cause reduction of 34S uptake.
4

The Physiological and Developmental Effects of Sulfur Nutrition and Light Intensity on Sulfur Deficiency Symptoms in <i>Phaseolus Vulgaris</i>

Harney, Dennis James 17 April 2003 (has links)
No description available.

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