Submitted by PPG Direito (ppgdir@pucrs.br) on 2018-03-07T17:41:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ALEXEI_ALMEIDA_CHAPPER_TES.pdf: 1664039 bytes, checksum: f61f37f3b3abea51e74ddbab966a9285 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2018-03-08T17:00:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ALEXEI_ALMEIDA_CHAPPER_TES.pdf: 1664039 bytes, checksum: f61f37f3b3abea51e74ddbab966a9285 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-08T17:05:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ALEXEI_ALMEIDA_CHAPPER_TES.pdf: 1664039 bytes, checksum: f61f37f3b3abea51e74ddbab966a9285 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-05 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Linking the law to the guarantee of freedom is the central point of this thesis. When judging special appeals the Superior Labor Court (TST) does not meet the double degree of jurisdiction. These special appeals aim at the harmonization of national jurisprudence. These are extraordinary legal remedies, without review of the evidence ? already produced and valued by the ordinary courts. The labor special appeal system, inaugurated with Law 13.015 of 2014, is investigated in this research. The hypothesis of recognition of binding precedents, at least in the form of mandatory judicial paradigms, is combined with the examination of the subsidiary and supplementary application of the Civil Procedure Code of 2015 to the labor procedure. Uniformising case law is no longer just mandatory. Now, it is a legal imposition that has its own means of execution. In the labor field, the objective is to restrict the admission of special appeals to the TST. Especially when it is demonstrated that there are current and conflicting decisions on the same legal issue in the same Regional Labor Court (TRT). This systematics confirms the relevance of the Superior Labor Court as a guideline of the Labor Court in general. Prevailing theses and precedents of the Regional Labor Courts are also valued by the new systematics. Especially, because they become the first parameter to point jurisprudential divergence apt to the claim of special appeals. In this context of a wide normative renewal, the theoretical conformation of the binding precedents gains practical importance for the fulfillment of the duties set by the procedural legislation: unity, stability, integrity and coherence. This thesis proposes to articulate those duties as a means of linking to the judicial precedent as a legal norm to be observed and followed in Brazil. Current problems such as mass demands, repetitive cases, and the unpredictability of judicial decisions in front of normative vagueness that provoke inevitable interpretative divergences in the application of Law are highlighted in this research. The hypotheses tested aim to strengthen the Judiciary as an institution aimed at securing and developing the democratic model, holding credibility due to the social effectiveness of its decisions in line with the current legal system. The efficiency of judicial provision requires a distinction in the treatment of specific causes and respect for the complexity of the questions put to judicial review, always in accordance with the Constitution. Decisions that are responsible, impartial, fully grounded, debated in a contradictory manner, and aimed at the effective realization of Labor Law in a society that has among its foundations the social value of work together with free initiative. To improve practice, one must formulate and test new theories. This is the main line of the study. / La vinculaci?n del Derecho con la garant?a de la libertad es el tema central de esta tesis. A juzgar recursos de revista, y embargos de la SDI, el Tribunal Superior del Trabajo no cumple con los dos niveles de jurisdicci?n. Estos recursos est?n dirigidos a la normalizaci?n de la jurisprudencia nacional. Son caracter?sticas de jur?dico extraordinario sin revisi?n de la evidencia ? producida y valorada por los tribunales ordinarios. La sistem?tica de apelaci?n que se abri? con la Ley 13.015 del a?o 2014 se estudia en esta investigaci?n. La hip?tesis del reconocimiento de precedente vinculante, al menos en la forma de paradigmas judiciales de obligado cumplimiento, se combina con el examen de la aplicaci?n filial y supletoria del C?digo de Procedimiento Civil de 2015 para el proceso del trabajo. Estandarizar las decisiones ya no es s?lo necesariamente posible. Ahora bien, es un requisito legal que ha poseer medios de ejecuci?n. El objetivo es restringir la admisi?n de los recursos de revista. Especialmente cuando se demuestra que hay decisiones actuales y contradictorias sobre la misma cuesti?n jur?dica del mismo Tribunal Regional del Trabajo. Este sistema confirma la relevancia de la Corte Superior de Trabajo como gu?a de los Tribunales y Jueces de Trabajo. Tambi?n valora las teor?as y visiones generales del Tribunal Regional del Trabajo. Sobre todo porque convertirse en el primer par?metro a punto de mostrar divergencia jurisprudencial capaz de recurso de revista. En este amplio contexto de renovaci?n de las normas, la conformaci?n te?rica de los precedentes gana importancia pr?ctica para el cuidado de los deberes se?alados por la ley de procedimiento: la unidad, la estabilidad, la integridad y la coherencia. Se propone la articulaci?n de estos deberes como un medio de vincular el precedente judicial como una norma jur?dica que se deber? observar y seguir en Brasil. Cabe destacar problemas actuales como casos repetitivos, masivos y la imprevisibilidad de las resoluciones judiciales en raz?n de vaguezas normativas que causan diferencias interpretativas inevitables en la aplicaci?n de la ley. Las hip?tesis probadas est?n destinadas a reforzar el Poder Judicial como instituci?n dirigida a garantizar y desarrollar el modelo democr?tico, con la celebraci?n de credibilidad debido a la eficacia social de sus decisiones de acuerdo con el sistema legal existente. La eficiencia de los servicios judiciales requiere distinci?n en el tratamiento de las causas espec?ficas y el respeto por la complejidad de las preguntas formuladas a revisi?n judicial, siempre de acuerdo con la Constituci?n. Decisiones responsables, imparciales, totalmente fundamentadas, discutidas en contradictorio, y dirigidas a la realizaci?n efectiva de la legislaci?n laboral en una sociedad que tiene entre sus fundamentos el valor social del trabajo junto con la libertad de empresa. Para mejorar la pr?ctica deben se formular y probar nuevas teor?as. Esta es la l?nea de este est?dio. / Vincular o Direito com a garantia da liberdade da pessoa humana ? a quest?o central da tese. Ao julgar recursos de revista, e de embargos ? Se??o de Diss?dios Individuais, o Tribunal Superior do Trabalho n?o atende ao duplo grau de jurisdi??o. Tais recursos visam ? uniformiza??o da jurisprud?ncia nacional. S?o recursos de natureza jur?dica extraordin?ria, sem reexame da prova ? produzida e valorada pelas inst?ncias ordin?rias. A sistem?tica recursal trabalhista, inaugurada com a Lei 13.015 de 2014, ? investigada nesta pesquisa. A hip?tese do reconhecimento de precedentes vinculantes, pelo menos na forma de paradigmas judiciais obrigat?rios, ? combinada com o exame da aplica??o subsidi?ria e supletiva do C?digo de Processo Civil de 2015 ao processo do trabalho. Uniformizar a jurisprud?ncia deixa de ser apenas obrigatoriamente poss?vel. Agora, ? uma imposi??o legal que det?m meios pr?prios de efetiva??o. No ?mbito trabalhista, o objetivo ? restringir a admiss?o dos recursos de revista. Sobretudo, quando ficar demonstrado que h? decis?es atuais e conflitantes sobre a mesma quest?o jur?dica no mesmo Tribunal Regional do Trabalho. Essa sistem?tica confirma a relev?ncia do Tribunal Superior do Trabalho enquanto guia de orienta??o da Justi?a do Trabalho. Valorizam-se tamb?m teses prevalecentes e s?mulas dos Tribunais Regionais do Trabalho. Especialmente, porque se tornam o primeiro par?metro para apontar diverg?ncia jurisprudencial apta ao cabimento do recurso de revista. Neste contexto de ampla renova??o normativa, a conforma??o te?rica dos precedentes ganha import?ncia pr?tica para o atendimento dos deveres tra?ados pela legisla??o processual: unidade, estabilidade, integridade e coer?ncia. Prop?e-se a articula??o argumentativa como meio de vincula??o ao precedente judicial como norma jur?dica a ser observada e seguida no Brasil. Salientam-se problemas atuais como demandas em massa, casos repetitivos e a imprevisibilidade das decis?es judiciais diante de vaguezas normativas que provocam inevit?veis diverg?ncias interpretativas na aplica??o do Direito. As hip?teses testadas visam ao fortalecimento do Poder Judici?rio como institui??o direcionada a assegurar e desenvolver o modelo democr?tico, detendo credibilidade em raz?o da efetividade social de suas decis?es em sintonia com o sistema jur?dico vigente. A efici?ncia da presta??o jurisdicional exige distin??o no tratamento das causas concretas e respeito pela complexidade das quest?es postas ? aprecia??o judicial, sempre em conformidade com a Constitui??o. Decis?es respons?veis, imparciais, integralmente fundamentadas, debatidas em contradit?rio, e voltadas ? efetiva realiza??o do Direito do Trabalho num Estado Democr?tico de Direito que tem entre seus fundamentos o valor social do trabalho e da livre iniciativa. Para melhorar a pr?tica, deve-se formular e testar novas teorias. Esta ? a linha mestra que direciona e d? raz?o a este estudo.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:23:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniel Mascarin Pires Kumasaca.pdf: 1565355 bytes, checksum: cef257a24a75512cdb4f32c73126db1f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-15 / The Brazilian legal system allows many interpretations of its model, its institutions and its scope in society. Among the institutes, the summary bindings introduced by EC 45/2004 make possible to do analysis of the entire political, social and Brazilian legal system, since they arise from abnormalities that may jeopardize state security. The idea is to promote, through philosophical discussion and the historical reconstruction of social and political ideals, how summary bindings affect the current landspace of the Federative Republic of Brazil. It is not just about addressing the issue related to judicial activism resulting from summary bindings, but also and mainly explores the institute, confronts concepts and puts down theories, grounded in the study of philosophical models treated along the dissertation. Therefore, we intend to address not only the positions against the summary bindings, as well as to refute the favorable understandings, which exist by evidence and are found in the majority doctrine of constitutional law Brazilian. We work in order to focus not only on legal institutions, but we try to find at the heart of the society itself, manners and the discussion about the scope of power and its way of working in the state. Conceiving the story, along with the philosophical study were outstanding to achieve the results listed here, from the theoretical foundation to the critical development of the institutes, existing institutions and concepts in Brazil and it is precisely the tripartite model of separation of executive functions, legislative and judiciary that the major part of this work is framed, especially when we analyze the judicial activism of the Supreme Court and the prerogative created with summary bindings, since it is the last resort of the Brazilian system, reason why the analysis about the State General Theory stands as crucial to the final understanding of the work / O ordenamento jurídico brasileiro permite muitas interpretações do seu modelo, de suas instituições e de seu alcance na sociedade. Dentre os institutos, as Súmulas Vinculantes inseridas pela EC 45/2004, possibilitam a análise de todo o sistema político, social e jurídico brasileiro, vez que resultantes de anormalidades que podem abalar a segurança do Estado. A ideia é fomentar, através da discussão filosófica e da reconstrução histórica dos ideários sociais e políticos, como as súmulas vinculantes afetam a conjuntura atual da República Federativa do Brasil. Não se trata apenas de abordar o tema referente ao ativismo judicial decorrente das súmulas vinculantes, mas também e principalmente dissecar o instituto, enfrentar conceitos e derrubar teorias, embasados justamente no estudo dos modelos filosóficos tratados ao longo da dissertação. Para tanto, procuramos abordar não apenas os posicionamentos contrários às súmulas vinculantes, como de igual feita refutar os entendimentos favoráveis, que por evidência existem e se encontram na doutrina majoritária sobre o Direito Constitucional Brasileiro. Trabalhamos de forma a não nos concentrar somente nos institutos jurídicos, mas procuramos encontrar no âmago da própria sociedade as formas e a discussão sobre o alcance do poder e do seu funcionamento do Estado. Conceber a história, juntamente com o estudo filosófico, foram preponderantes para alcançar os resultados aqui elencados, desde a fundamentação teórica até o desenvolvimento crítico sobre os institutos, instituições e conceitos existentes no Brasil e é justamente no modelo tripartite de separação de funções em Executivo, Legislativo e Judiciário que a maior parte do trabalho se enquadra, sobretudo quando analisamos o ativismo judicial do Supremo Tribunal Federal e a prerrogativa criada com as súmulas vinculantes, já que é ele a última ratio do sistema brasileiro, motivo pelo qual a análise em torno da Teoria Geral do Estado se coloca como fundamental para o entendimento final do trabalho

The purpose of my thesis is to analyze the legal regulation of the public law contract on realization of the structure, which can be concluded under the Section 116 of the Building Act with the approval of the respective authorities between the building office and the developer and the summary building permit proceedings under the Section 117 of the Building Act, which consists in a concluded contract on making a check of the design documentation for the structure between the developer and an authorized inspector. The main aim of the reform of public administration is among others to democratize and more privatize the building permit proceeding and create the alternatives to the classical building permit proceeding. These alternatives are above mentioned the public law contract on realization of the structure and the summary building permit proceedings. The both institutes are capable to replace the building permit. The other purpose of my thesis is to point out shortcomings in the current legislation in connection with the proposed amendment to the Building Act. The thesis is composed of two extensive chapters, each of them dealing with different alternatives to the classical building proceeding. Chapter One deals with the public law contract on realization of the structure and with the connected...

<p>There are several traditions of conceptualizing and measuring harm from drinking. Two main approaches are considered in the introduction – the psychiatric epidemiology and the social survey research traditions. The present thesis adopts the latter, although, as discussed, on the empirical level there is no sharp borderline between the two perspectives, as there is not between personal (i.e. physical and psychological) and social harm from drinking as such. But while methods for studying personal harm are fairly well developed, social harm, i.e. adverse consequences of alcohol that involve social interaction, has received less attention. One of the aims of the thesis has been to explore different dimensions of harm from drinking, identify different harm areas and develop and apply area-specific measures using general population survey data.</p><p>Two papers examine psychometric properties of a widely used screening instrument, the AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test). While the first paper is concerned with the validity of the AUDIT, testing it against different criteria, the second paper focuses on the test-retest reliability of the instrument. In the third paper, a number of summary measures of different areas of alcohol-related harm are constructed using factor analysis. These measures are then, in the last paper, applied to estimate prevalence and risk of alcohol-related harm in the Swedish general population. The analyses are based on data from a national survey on drinking problems in Sweden collected in 2001-2002.</p><p>It is concluded that the AUDIT screens well for both impaired self-control and social harm from drinking (as well as for high volume drinking), but performs less well when screening for health problems. The test-retest reliability of the AUDIT is relatively high. In the other two papers, constructing new summary measures and applying them to estimate prevalence of harm, it is concluded that, except for being young, no particular sociodemographic risk groups can be identified for different areas of harm from the same level and pattern of drinking. To what extent this reflects reality or is an effect of the methods we use and kind of population we reach in surveys is discussed.</p>

There are several traditions of conceptualizing and measuring harm from drinking. Two main approaches are considered in the introduction – the psychiatric epidemiology and the social survey research traditions. The present thesis adopts the latter, although, as discussed, on the empirical level there is no sharp borderline between the two perspectives, as there is not between personal (i.e. physical and psychological) and social harm from drinking as such. But while methods for studying personal harm are fairly well developed, social harm, i.e. adverse consequences of alcohol that involve social interaction, has received less attention. One of the aims of the thesis has been to explore different dimensions of harm from drinking, identify different harm areas and develop and apply area-specific measures using general population survey data. Two papers examine psychometric properties of a widely used screening instrument, the AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test). While the first paper is concerned with the validity of the AUDIT, testing it against different criteria, the second paper focuses on the test-retest reliability of the instrument. In the third paper, a number of summary measures of different areas of alcohol-related harm are constructed using factor analysis. These measures are then, in the last paper, applied to estimate prevalence and risk of alcohol-related harm in the Swedish general population. The analyses are based on data from a national survey on drinking problems in Sweden collected in 2001-2002. It is concluded that the AUDIT screens well for both impaired self-control and social harm from drinking (as well as for high volume drinking), but performs less well when screening for health problems. The test-retest reliability of the AUDIT is relatively high. In the other two papers, constructing new summary measures and applying them to estimate prevalence of harm, it is concluded that, except for being young, no particular sociodemographic risk groups can be identified for different areas of harm from the same level and pattern of drinking. To what extent this reflects reality or is an effect of the methods we use and kind of population we reach in surveys is discussed.

The thesis deals with epigraphical monuments of central city of České Budějovice up to 1900 and at the same time it tries to acquaint with the history of the city with the intention to medieval times and with its system of fortification. The thesis is divided to nine chapters. The history of medieval city of České Budějovice is described in the first chapter. The second chapter deals with city fortifications from its beginning to the present. The third chapter brings a summary of studies which deal with making accessible of the epigraphical monuments. The fourth chapter is about territory which determines the catalogue accessed area. Detailed catalogue principles which are used in the epigraphical catalogue, structure of particular catalogue records and classification of the epigraphical material are presented in next chapters of the thesis. The eighth chapter is the main part of this work. The catalogue brings 127 epigraphical inscriptions, both extant up to the present and also not extant which are situated in the determinate area. Last chapter contains indices which should make work with the catalogue easier. The conclusion summarizes the gained findings. List of sources and bibliography follow. The appendices conclude the thesis.

La médiation est devenue un moyen privilégié pour régler des nombreux conflits, notamment ceux en rapport avec le commerce, et plus particulièrement avec le commerce international. Sur le plan national, les parties en conflit préfèrent souvent ce moyen pour régler leur conflit à chaque fois que la loi ne s’y oppose pas. Ceci est dû à plusieurs raisons dont la plus importante est liée à la lenteur de la justice. Sur le plan international, des nombreux pays, notamment ceux en voie de développement, ne sont en mesure d’attirer des investissements des capitaux étrangers que s’ils considèrent la médiation comme moyen de règlement des conflits. L’avantage de ce moyen réside dans le fait que la médiation est rapide, simple et permet au justiciable d’obtenir ses droits de façon aisée. Ces caractéristiques de la médiation restent valables du point de vue théorique. Mais en pratique, les choses sont plus compliquées et peuvent gêner le déroulement de l’arbitrage, par exemple. Prenons en exemple les conflits civils dont le règlement nécessite souvent la mise en œuvre de certaines actions qui conduisent effectivement à la solution du conflit en question. Cette initiative de mise en œuvre de l’action n’ est pas réservée aux parties de conflits . Mais, l’organisme habilité à résoudre le conflit peut également prendre cette initiative seul, ou à la demande d’une de deux parties . Ces mesures et actions décidées par un tribunal ou par une médiation représentent le facteur temps dans le règlement des conflits. C’est à ce moment-là que peuvent apparaître les difficultés qui sont en rapport soit avec le déroulement du conflit lui- même, soit avec l’exécution du jugement prononcé. Ce moyen pour régler les conflits mérite bien d’être privilégié car, d’une part il peut effectivement mettre fin au conflit et d’autre part il peut avoir les mêmes forces que le jugement d’un tribunal. Pour ces raisons, les protagonistes le préfèrent. Nous avons donc choisi ce sujet du facteur temps dans la médiation pour les raisons suivantes : *illustrer le facteur temps dans la médiation puisqu’il s’agit d’un élément indissociable du sujet du conflit qui fait l’objet de la médiation même ; *Définir la partie qui a en charge le règlement de ce genre de conflits suivant les règles juridiques de références et explorer la complétude de ces règles pour pouvoir ensuite dire dans quelle direction doit être dirigé le règlement du conflit : vers la médiation ou vers la justice ? / Mediation has become a preferred way to resolve many conflicts, including those related to international trade. Nationally, the conflicting party often prefer this method to resolve their dispute whenever the law requires otherwise pas.Ceci is due to several reasons, the most important being the slow pace of justice. Internationally, many countries, particularly those in developing countries, are able to benefit from investments of foreign capital that they consider mediation as a dispute resolution means .l'avantage this means is that that mediation is a fast, simple and allows litigants to obtain their rights easily. These characteristics of mediation are still valid théorique.Mais perspective in practice, things are more complicated and may interfere with the conduct of mediation if, in his objet.Prenons example civil conflict whose resolution often requires implementation certain actions that actually lead to the solution of the conflict in question. This initiative implementation of the action is not limited to parts of conflits.Mais, the body authorized to resolve the conflict can also take this one initiative or at the request of one of two parts. These measures and actions decided by a court or mediation are the time factor in conflict resolution. It was at this time that may appear difficulties are related either the conduct of the conflict itself Even either the conduct of the implementation of the judgment delivered.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:44:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 979072 bytes, checksum: 11a834e10785bf2d413df750a8f4d275 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-01 / This study is grounded in assumptions of Applied Linguistics, Textual Linguistics, and Retextualization Process and Genres for its development. This research took place at the Federal University of Viçosa and its general goal was to analyze the influence of the genre scheme in the elaboration of the academic abstract. For that, we attempted to (i) verify the comprehension of the source text through the analysis of the comprehension questionnaires produced by the students of LET 102 Reading and Producing Texts I and LET 104 Reading and Producing Textual Academic Producing Workshop; (ii) describe how the students of both classes retextualize the opinion article in a initial abstract, as well as analyzing if there was change on the final abstract in relation to the authorship; (iii) analyze the schemes produced by the students of LET 102 as satisfactory or non satisfactory; (iv) compare the differences between the final abstracts produced by both classes taking in consideration the level of informativity and the occurrence, and (v) reflect on the influence of the genre scheme in the elaboration of the final abstract from the students of LET 102, as well as evaluate if the absence of the scheme brought any damage to the final production of the students of LET 104.As a result from analyses of comprehension questionary, the participants of both showed satisfactory and near which made it able to continue the research development. The authorial analyses presence showed one considerable evolution of the initial abstract to the final abstract as a result of the discussion in class. After these analyses, we evaluated the scheme performance filled by the LET 102 participants and they presented satisfactory performance in this stage. We did not find any abstracts with high informative, so it means that the writers synthesize most of the parts of the information presented on the text. Comparing the two classes, the presented values showed us that there was not one positive influence using the scheme genre in the academic abstract production, since the final production of the LET 102 participants did not showed better performance than the ones who did not use the schema in their retextualization. / Este estudo se ancora nos pressupostos da Linguística Aplicada, Linguística Textual, Processo de Retextualização e Gêneros para o seu desenvolvimento. Essa pesquisa desenvolveu-se na Universidade Federal de Viçosa e como objetivo geral, buscouanalisar a influência do gênero esquema na elaboração do resumo acadêmico. Para tanto, buscou-se: (i) verificar a compreensão do texto-fonte através da análise dos questionários de compreensão produzidos pelos alunos de LET 102 Leitura e Produção de Textos I e LET 104 Oficina de Leitura e Produção de Gêneros Textuais Acadêmicos; (ii) descrever como os alunos de ambas as turmas retextualizaram o artigo de opinião em um resumo inicial, bem como analisar se houve modificação para o resumo final com relação à noção de autoria; (iii) analisar os esquemas produzidos pelos alunos de LET 102 como satisfatórios ou não satisfatórios (iv) comparar as diferenças entre os resumos finais produzidos pelas duas turmas levando em consideração o grau de informatividade e a coerência e (vi) refletir sobre a influência do gênero esquema na elaboração do resumo final dos alunos de LET 102, bem como avaliar se a ausência do esquema trouxe algum prejuízo à produção final dos alunos de LET 104. Como resultado da análise dos questionários de compreensão, os participantes de ambas apresentaram médias satisfatórias e próximas o que habilitou a continuação do desenvolvimento da pesquisa. A análise da presença de autoria mostrou uma evolução considerável dos resumos iniciais para os finais, como fruto das discussões em sala de aula. Feita essa análise, avaliamos o desempenho dos esquemas preenchidos pelos participantes de LET 102 e apresentaram um desemprenho satisfatório nessa etapa. Em nenhuma das duas turmas encontramos resumos com alta informatividade, o que indica que o sujeito resumidor sintetiza a maior parte das informações apresentadas no texto. Comparando as duas turmas, os valores apresentados nos mostraram que não houve uma influência positiva da utilização do gênero esquema na produção do resumo acadêmico, ixposto que as produções finais dos participantes de LET 102 não apresentaram um maior desempenho do que aqueles que não utilizaram o esquema em suas retextualizações.

Les technologies multimédias ont récemment connues une grande évolution surtout avec la croissance rapide d'internet ainsi que la création quotidienne de grands volumes de données vidéos. Tout ceci nécessite de nouvelles méthodes performantes permettant d'indexer, de naviguer, de rechercher et de consulter les informations stockées dans de grandes bases de données multimédia. La récupération de données basée sur le contenu vidéo, qui est devenue un domaine de recherche très actif durant cette décennie, regroupe les différentes techniques conçues pour le traitement de la vidéo. Dans le cadre de cette thèse de doctorat, nous présentons des applications permettant la segmentation temporelle d'une vidéo ainsi que la récupération d'information pertinente dans une séquence vidéo. Une fois le processus de classification effectué, il devient possible de rechercher l'information utile en ajoutant de nouveaux critères, et aussi de visualiser l'information d'une manière appropriée permettant d'optimiser le temps et la mémoire. Dans une séquence vidéo, le plan est considéré comme l'unité élémentaire de la vidéo. Un plan est défini comme une suite d'image capturée par une même caméra représentant une action dans le temps. Pour composer une vidéo, plusieurs plans sont regroupés en utilisant des séquences de transitions. Ces transitions se catégorisent en transitions brusques et transitions progressives. Détecter les transitions présentes dans une séquence vidéo a fait l'objet de nos premières recherches. Plusieurs techniques, basées sur différents modèles mathématiques, ont été élaborées pour la détection des changements de plans. L'utilisation de la décomposition en valeur singulière (SVD) ains que la norme Frobenius ont permis d'obtenir des résultats précis en un temps de calcul réduit. Le résumé automatique des séquences vidéo est actuellement un sujet d'une très grande actualité. Comme son nom l'indique, il s'agit d'une version courte de la vidéo qui doit contenir l'essentiel de l'information, tout en étant le plus concis possible. Ils existent deux grandes familles de résumé : le résumé statique et le résumé dynamique. Sélectionner une image représentative de chaque plan permet de créer un scénarimage. Ceci est considéré comme étant un résumé statique et local. Dans notre travail, une méthode de résumé globale est proposée. / With the recent advancement in multimedia technologies, in conjunction with the rapid increase of the volume of digital video data and the growth of internet ; it has becom mandatory to have the hability browse and search through information stored in large multimedia databases. For this purpose, content based video retrieval (CBVR) has become an active area of research durinf the last decade. The objective of this thesis is to present applications for temporal video segmentation and video retrieval based on different mathematical models. A shot is considered as the elementary unit of a video, and is defined as a continuous sequence of frames taken from a single camera, representing an action during time. The different types of transitions that may occur in a video sequence are categorized into : abrupt and gradual transition. In this work, through statistical analysis, we segment a video into its constituent units. This is achieved by identifying transitions between adjacent shots. The first proposed algorithm aims to detect abrupt shot transitions only by measuring the similarity between consecutive frames. Given the size of the vector containing distances, it can be modeled by a log normal distribution since all the values are positive. Gradual shot transition identification is a more difficult task when compared to cut detection. Generally, a gradual transition may share similar characteristics as a dynamic segment with camera or object motion. In this work, singular value decomposition (SVD) is performed to project features from the spatial domain to the singular space. Resulting features are reduced and more refined, which makes the remaining tasks easier. The proposed system, designed for detecting both abrupt and gradual transitions, has lead to reliable performances achieving high detection rates. In addition, the acceptable computational time allows to process in real time. Once a video is partitioned into its elementary units, high-level applications can be processed, such as the key-frame extraction. Selecting representative frames from each shot to form a storyboard is considered as a static and local video summarization. In our research, we opted for a global method based on local extraction. Using refined centrist features from the singular space, we select representative frames using modified k-means clustering based on important scenes. This leads to catch pertinent frames without redoudancy in the final storyboard.

Software quality has become and persistently remains a big issue among software users and developers. So, the importance of software evaluation cannot be overemphasized. An accepted fact in software engineering is that software must undergo evaluation process during development to ascertain and improve its quality level. In fact, there are too many techniques than a single developer could master, yet, it is impossible to be certain that software is free of defects. Therefore, it may not be realistic or cost effective to remove all software defects prior to product release. So, it is crucial for developers to be able to choose from available evaluation techniques, the one most suitable and likely to yield optimum quality results for different products - it bogs down to choosing the most appropriate for different situations. However, not much knowledge is available on the strengths and weaknesses of the available evaluation techniques. Most of the information related to the techniques available is focused on how to apply the techniques but not on the applicability conditions of the techniques – practical information, suitability, strengths, weaknesses etc. This research focuses on contributing to the available applicability knowledge of software evaluation techniques. More precisely, it focuses on code reading by stepwise abstraction as representative of the static technique, as well as equivalence partitioning (functional technique) and decision coverage (structural technique) as representatives of the dynamic technique. The specific focus of the research is to summarize the results of a series of experiments conducted to investigate the effectiveness of these techniques among other factors. By effectiveness in this research, we mean the potential of each of the techniques to generate test cases capable of revealing software faults in the case of the dynamic techniques or the ability of the static technique to generate abstractions that will aid the detection of faults. The experiments used two versions of three different programs with seven different faults seeded into each of the programs. This work uses the results of the eight different experiments performed and analyzed separately, to explore this fact. The analysis results were pooled together and jointly summarized in this research to extract a common knowledge from the experiments using a qualitative deduction approach created in this work as it was decided not to use formal aggregation at this stage. Since the experiments were performed by different researchers, in different years and in some cases at different site, there were several problems that have to be tackled in order to be able to summarize the results. Part of the problems is the fact that the data files exist in different languages, the structure of the files are different, different names is used for data fields, the analysis were done using different confidence level etc. The first step, taken at the inception of this research was to apply all the techniques to the programs used during the experiments in order to detect the faults. This purpose of this personal experience with the experiment is to be familiarized and get acquainted to the faults, failures, the programs and the experiment situations in general and also, to better understand the data as recorded from the experiments. Afterwards, the data files were recreated to conform to a uniform language, data meaning, file style and structure. A well structured directory was created to keep all the data, analysis and experiment files for all the experiments in the series. These steps paved the way for a feasible results synthesis. Using our method, the technique, program, fault, program – technique, program – fault and technique – fault were selected as main and interaction effects having significant knowledge relevant to the analysis summary result. The result, as reported in this thesis, indicated that the functional technique and the structural technique are equally effective as far as the programs and faults in these experiments are concerned. Both perform better than the code review. Also, the analysis revealed that the effectiveness of the techniques is influenced by the fault type and the program type. Some faults were found to exhibit better behavior with certain programs, some were better detected with certain techniques and even the techniques yield different result in different programs. / I can alternatively be contacted through: qasimbabatunde@yahoo.co.uk