In this thesis, a general methodology for generating representative load cycles for arbitrary monohull surface vessels is developed. The proposed methodology takes a hull geometry and propeller placement, vessel loading condition, vessel mission, and weather data (wind, waves, currents) and, from that, generates the propeller states (torque, speed, power) and steering gear states (torque, speed, power) necessary to accomplish the given mission. The propeller states, together with the steering gear states, thus define the load cycle corresponding to the given inputs (vessel, mission, weather). Some key aspects of the proposed methodology include the use of a surge-sway-yaw model for vessel dynamics as well as the use of surrogate geometries for both the hull and propeller(s). What results is a methodology that is lean (that is, it requires only sparse input), fast, easy to generalize, and reasonably accurate. The proposed methodology is validated by way of two separate case studies, case A and case B (both involving distinct car-deck ferries), with case A being a more ideal case, and case B being a less ideal case given the methodology proposed. In both cases, the load cycle generation process completed in greater than real time, achieving time ratios (simulated time to execution time) of 3.3:1 and 12.8:1 for cases A and B respectively. The generated propeller and steering gear states were then compared to data collected either at sea or from the vessels' documentation. For case A, the propeller speed, torque, and power values generated were all accurate to within +/- 3%, +/- 7%, and +/- 10% of the true values, respectively, while cruising, and accurate to within +/- 14%, +/- 36%, and +/- 42% of the true values, respectively, while maneuvering. In addition, the steering gear powers generated in case A were consistent with the capabilities of the equipment actually installed on board. For case B, the propeller speed, torque, and power values generated were all accurate to within +/- 2%, +/- 8%, and +/- 9% of the true values, respectively, while cruising, and accurate to within +/- 28%, +/- 45%, and +/- 66% of the true values, respectively, while maneuvering. In case B, however, the steering gear powers generated were questionable. Considering the results of the validation, together with the rapid process runtimes achieved and sparse inputs given, one may conclude that the methodology proposed in this thesis shows promise in terms of being able to generate representative load cycles for arbitrary monohull surface vessels. / Graduate

Submitted by Irene Nascimento (irene.kessia@ufpe.br) on 2016-10-04T19:09:24Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) tese mariana viana para BC revisado profa Rita.pdf: 5880006 bytes, checksum: 58b21f8952495e3aba8663b4efa5c48c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-04T19:09:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) tese mariana viana para BC revisado profa Rita.pdf: 5880006 bytes, checksum: 58b21f8952495e3aba8663b4efa5c48c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-12 / Capes / O câncer de mama desenvolve-se de maneira silenciosa, podendo levar a óbito se não for tratado em sua fase inicial. Por este motivo, é necessário desenvolver técnicas para sua detecção precoce. A carcinogênese altera a temperatura dos tecidos na região afetada e o uso da simulação computacional calcula como ocorre tal fenômeno. A imagem por infravermelho é capaz de indicar a distribuição superficial de temperatura e a comparação destes valores com os cálculos obtidos na simulação computacional é uma ferramenta promissora para a detecção precoce do câncer de mama. O objetivo desta tese é construir a geometria substituta tridimensional (3D) da mama feminina a partir de imagens por infravermelho da paciente. Isso possibilita o cálculo da distribuição de temperatura através de software de dinâmica dos fluidos computacional (CFD – Computational Fluid Dynamics). O corregistro de uma prótese mamária externa aos contornos da paciente modelou a superfície da geometria tridimensional da mama. No interior dessa geometria existem os lóbulos mamários, os ductos lactíferos, o tecido adiposo da mama e a lesão conforme indicado no exame de ultrassonografia da paciente. Um software de CFD realizou o preparo da geometria e subsequente cálculo da distribuição de temperatura na mama. Um estudo de caso verificou o impacto da inserção das estruturas citadas na geometria substituta. O erro entre as temperaturas máximas indicadas pela imagem por infravermelho das pacientes na região da pele sobre a anomalia e a temperatura máxima alcançada no cálculo de temperatura sobre a região correspondente na geometria substituta foi de 0,20%. A geometria 3D aqui apresentada adequa-se aos contornos de cada paciente e é mais próxima da mama real do que a geometria substituta 3D obtida pelo escaneamento de próteses mamárias externas e outras apresentadas na literatura técnica. Além disso, a geometria desenvolvida permitiu o cálculo de temperatura nos casos em que não era possível com a geometria anteriormente utilizada. / Breast cancer develops silently and can lead to death if not treated in its early stages. For this reason, it is necessary to develop techniques for its early detection. The carcinogenesis changes the temperature of the tissue in the affected area, the use of computer simulation to evaluate how such a phenomenon occurs. The infrared image can indicate the surface temperature distribution, and the comparison of these figures with the calculations obtained in a computer simulation is a promising tool for early detection of breast cancer. The purpose of this thesis is to build three-dimensional (3D) surrogate geometry of the female breast from infrared images of the patient. It allows the calculation of the distribution of temperature through Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software. The breast prosthesis co-registration to the contours of the patient modeled the external surface of the 3D geometry of the breast. Within this geometry, there are mammary lobules, lactiferous ducts and adipose tissue of the breast and the lesion as indicated in the ultrasound examination of the patient. CFD software performed the preparation of the geometry and subsequent calculation of the breast temperature distribution. A case study verified the impact of the insertion of such structures in the surrogate geometry. The error between the maximum temperature indicated by the infrared image of the patient in the area of the skin over the abnormality and the maximum temperature achieved in the temperature calculation in the corresponding region in the surrogate geometry were 0.20%. The 3D geometry presented here fits the contours of each patient, and it is closer to the real breast than the surrogate 3D geometries acquired by the scanning of external breast prostheses and others ones presented in the technical literature. Furthermore, the modeled geometry allowed the temperature calculation in cases where it was not possible with the geometry that was previously used.