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Markering av tema och fokus i turkietturkiska / How to Mark Topic and Focus in TurkishLarsson Taghizadeh, Frida January 2012 (has links)
By analyzing the information structure in Turkish sentences, this study seeks to investigate the strategies for marking the pragmatic functions of topic and focus in Turkish. The material, from which the included sentences are taken, mainly consists of literary works and other prose, but several examples from other linguistic and grammatical studies are also cited. A few sentences have been constructed by the author. Functioning as the point of departure for the analysis, a background section gives an overview of the word order typology in general and in Turkish specifically. In Turkish, the primary role of the basic word order (SOV) and its variations is to signal information structure; the pragmatic functions being associated to specific syntactic positions. Topics are sentence initial in Turkish. Subjects are natural topics, while non-subjects placed in the initial position are marked topics. Verbs can be topicalized by duplication. Focus is indicated by sentence stress, which under normal intonation falls on the element preceding the verb. Hence, the typical focus position is the immediately preverbal. Objects are neutral focus elements, while other constituents receive contrastive focus. When the intonation is marked, a constituent in another position than the immediately preverbal is focused. Both topic and focus constituents can be marked syntactically. Clitics, conjunctions, adverbials etc. functioning as topic or focus markers form the dominant subject of the analysis. The clitic dA has been giving a special treatment since it can be used for both functions. It seems that in written text, the use of dA as a topic marker to the sentence initial constituent tends to be indicated with a subsequent comma.
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