Hydroxyethyl starches (HES) are the most routinely used synthetic colloids during fluid resuscitation and have reported effects on coagulation. The overall goal of the investigation in this thesis was to evaluate the effects of tetrastarch administration on hemodynamic, laboratory, and hemostatic variables in healthy dogs and dogs with systemic inflammation. The objectives were to compare hemodynamic and laboratory variables in dogs receiving an isotonic crystalloid (0.9% NaCl) or tetrastarch during health and after induction of systemic inflammation; to compare the hemostatic effects of an isotonic crystalloid (0.9% NaCl) and synthetic colloid (tetrastarch) in healthy dogs and dogs with induced systemic inflammation; to compare two different protocols for TEG® activation and to determine the correlation between TEG® variables and traditional coagulation test results. Sixteen adult purpose-bred Beagles were randomized into one of two groups receiving fluid resuscitation with either 40 mL/kg IV isotonic crystalloid (0.9% NaCl) or synthetic colloid (tetrastarch) after administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 5 μg/kg, IV) or an equal volume of placebo (0.9% NaCl, IV). Blood samples, for analysis, were collected at 0, 1, 2, 4, and 24 hours from the time of fluid resuscitation. After a 14-day washout period, the study was repeated such that dogs received the opposite treatment (LPS or placebo) and the same resuscitation fluid. Resuscitation with equal volumes of 0.9% NaCl and tetrastarch caused similar changes in hemodynamic and laboratory variables in dogs with LPS-induced systemic inflammation; however, larger increases in HR and blood pressure were seen within the first 2 hours following tetrastarch administration compared to 0.9% NaCl. Tetrastarch administration increased COP in all dogs, despite a decrease in TS. Tetrastarch bolus administration to dogs with LPS-induced systemic inflammation also resulted in a transient hypocoagulability characterized by a prolonged PTT, decreased clot formation speed and clot strength, and acquired type 1 von Willebrand disease. Considering the limited additional benefit of tetrastarch administration on hemodynamic variables demonstrated, as well as the transient adverse hemostatic effects of tetrastarch administration, the increased cost associated with the use of tetrastarch likely negates its use as a first line treatment during fluid resuscitation in dogs. / Pet Trust Fund

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:53:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 2270439 bytes, checksum: f1f5ac7a173bd54b51ef49f193fb1448 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Lanthanum is one of the 17 chemical elements known as rare earths. The increasing use of these metals by industries and impacts of mining have contributed to their mobility in the environment, creating possible environmental hazards and health effects. In this study, we evaluated the La removal from aqueous solution through the synthesis of iron and aluminum colloids via precipitation and the retention of this contaminant in the solid phases formed. Solutions of ferrous sulfate, aluminum sulfate and lanthanum sulfate were mixed in different proportions, in polyethylene containers, so as to obtain ten Fe: Al: La molar ratios(500:125:0, 500:125:1, 500: 125:5, 500:125:25, 500:125:125, 500:250:0, 500:250:1, 500:250:5, 500:250:25 and 500:250:125). The experimental period was 90 days. Supernatant aliquots were collected to determine lanthanum concentration weekly. The precipitated material was characterized by color determination by the Munsell system, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). Potential remobilization of lanthanum in the solid phases formed was evaluated by comparing the amounts extractable by acetic acid 0.11 mol L-1 with the total contents, both determined by ICP OES. High efficiencies in lanthanum removal from aqueous phase were obtained. The precipitate colors tended to redden with the increments in lanthanum amount. The XRD detected the formation of Al-goethite in most treatments and other phases such as Al-lepidocrocite and Al-magnetite, in specific cases. Microanalysis revealed the lanthanum association to iron and aluminum colloids in the solid phase and the occurrence of segregation where the element was more abundant. The extractions with acetic acid showed high potential remobilization of lanthanum to most treatments. The method is suitable for removing the contaminant from water, but further studies are necessary to optimize retention in the solid phase. / O Lantânio é um dos 17 elementos químicos conhecidos como terras raras. A intensificação do uso desses metais pelas indústrias e impactos decorrentes da mineração têm contribuído para uma maior mobilidade desses elementos no ambiente, gerando riscos ecológicos e à saúde humana. Neste trabalho, avaliou-se a remoção de La de solução aquosa por meio da síntese de coloides de ferro e alumínio via precipitação e a retenção do contaminante nas fases sólidas formadas. Soluções de sulfato ferroso, sulfato de alumínio e sulfato de lantânio foram misturadas em diferentes proporções, em recipientes de polietileno, de modo a obter dez relações molares Fe:Al:La (500:125:0, 500:125:1, 500:125:5, 500:125:25, 500:125:125, 500:250:0, 500:250:1, 500:250:5, 500:250:25 e 500:250:125). O período experimental foi de 90 dias. Semanalmente foram coletadas alíquotas do sobrenadante para determinação da concentração de lantânio. O material precipitado foi caracterizado por meio de determinação de cor pelo sistema Munsell, difratometria de raios X (DRX), microscopia eletrônica de varredura e espectroscopia de energia dispersiva (MEV/EDS). O potencial de remobilização de lantânio nas fases sólidas formadas foi avaliado por comparação dos teores extraíveis por ácido acético 0,11 mol L-1 com os teores totais, ambos determinados em ICP OES. Elevadas eficiências na remoção de lantânio da fase aquosa foram obtidas. A coloração dos precipitados tendeu a avermelhar-se com os incrementos na quantidade de lantânio. A DRX detectou a formação de Al-goethita na maioria dos tratamentos e outras fases, como Al-lepidocrocita e Al-magnetita, em casos específicos. A microanálise evidenciou a associação do lantânio aos coloides de ferro e alumínio nas fases sólidas e a ocorrência de segregação onde o elemento era mais abundante. As extrações com ácido acético revelaram alto potencial de remobilização de lantânio para a maioria dos tratamentos. O método seria adequado para a remoção do contaminante da solução aquosa, porém ainda são necessários estudos para otimizar a retenção na fase sólida.

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