Orientador: Vera Lúcia Mores Rall / Resumo: Staphylococcus aureus é um agente comum de mastite bovina, responsável por grandes perdas econômicas na pecuária mundial. Esse micro-organismo possui fatores de virulência bastante conhecidos como a produção de hemolisinas, leucotoxinas e superantígenos como a toxina do síndrome do choque tóxico e enterotoxinas. O objetivo do estudo foi caracterizar molecularmente os isolados de S. aureus provenientes de leite de vacas com mastite subclínica, de várias regiões do estado de São Paulo, através de Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST), spa typing, Pulse Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) e agr. Também fizeram parte dos objetivos, testes fenótipicos e genotípicos de resistência a antimicrobianos, além da pesquisa de genes de alguns fatores de virulência como o pvl (toxina de Panton Valentine), tst (toxina da Síndrome do Choque Tóxico, , sea-see, seg, seh e sei, a fim de verificar quais os fatores de virulência mais envolvidos nesse quadro. Todos os isolados de S. aureus foram sensíveis a meticilina (MSSA), pois os genes mecA e mecC não foram encontrados. Entre os 12 antibióticos testados, observou-se resistência intermediaria à eritromicina e nenhuma das cepas foram resistentes à oxacilina, vancomicina e gentamicina. Os isolados resistentes à tetraciclina apresentaram o gene tetK . Na caracterização molecular, observou-se 23 spa types diferentes com prevalência dos tipos t605 e t127. A maioria das cepas (48,1%) eram pertencentes ao grupo agr II, seguido de 20,1% do grupo III e 8,1%... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Staphylococcus aureus is a common agent of bovine mastitis, causing economic losses in Brazilian livestock. This microorganism has well known virulence factors such as the production of hemolysins, leukotoxins and superantigens such as toxic shock syndrome toxin and enterotoxins. The objective of the study was to characterize molecularly isolates of S. aureus from milk of cows with subclinical mastitis, of the several regions of São Paulo State, through Multilocus sequence typing (MLST), spatyping, Pulse Field Electrophoresis Gel (PFGE) and agr. Phenotypic and genotypic tests of antimicrobial resistance, as well as the search for genes of some virulence factors such as pvl (Panton Valentine toxin), tst (Toxic Shock Syndrome toxin). In the present study, all isolates of S. aureus were sensitive to methicillin (MSSA), as the mecA and mecC genes were not found. About 12 antibiotics tested, intermediate resistance to erythromicyn was observed and none resistance to oxacillin, vancomycin and gentamicin. The tetracycline resistant isolates showed the tetK gene. Molecular characterization showed 23 different spa types with prevalence of t605 and t127. The most of the strains (48.1%) presented as belonging to the agr II group, followed by 20.1% of the agr III group and 8.1% of the agrI group, and the agr IV group was not found. About the virulence factors studied, the pvl gene was not observed. In relation to super antigens, the tst gene was observed in 105 of the 285 strains (37.1%)... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

La réception critique de l'oeuvre du feuilletoniste Eugène Sue s'est penchée sur l'apparente disjonction entre, d'une part, son contenu "socialiste" édulcoré et d'autre part, l'impact qu'on accorde à ses écrits par rapport à l'engagement populaire de 1848. Cette lecture, cependant, a tendance à interpréter l'engagement politique de l'auteur, entre Les Mystères de Paris (1842) et Les Mystères du Peuple (1857), comme faisant montre d'un développement soutenu, mais problématique, d'une pensée anti-bourgeoise et socialiste. En montant une lecture sociocritique du discours politique d'un des premiers romans de Sue, Atar-Gull (1832), nous sommes à même de relever les bases d'une pensée radicalement antibourgeoise dans les toutes premières années de sa carrière. La contextualisation littéraire et historique d'Atar-Gull, ainsi que la réexaminassions de l'orthodoxie critique relevée ci-haut, nous permettent de comprendre l'importance de certains textes littéraires en tant que monuments historiques. / So far, critical evaluations of the works of serial writer Eugène Sue have tended to concentrate upon the apparent disjunction between his stereotypical brand of socialism, and the role his writing is credited with having played in furthering popular participation in the revolution of 1848. This critical understanding has tended to portray the author's own political engagement between the publication of Les Mystères de Paris (1842) and that of Les Mystères du Peuples (1857), as a sustained, yet problematic, development in anti-bourgeois and socialist thought. On the basis of a sociocritical reading of one of Sue's earliest novels, Atar-Gull (1832), we do, however, notice a radical antibourgeois stance from the very first years of his career. In examining this novel in context, both historical and literary, and in revisiting the premises that underlay past critical orthodoxy, we may demonstrate the relevance of certain kinds of literary production as historical monuments. / Québec Université Laval, Bibliothèque 2013