München, Universiẗat der Bundeswehr, Diss., 2001.

Universiẗat, Diss., 2000--Kiel.

Konstanz, FH, Diplomarb., 2003.

University, Diss., 2004--Kiel.

yes / Empirical modeling of wireless fading channels using common schemes such as autoregression and thefinitestate Markov chain (FSMC) is investigated. The conceptual background of both channel structures and the establishment of their mutual dependence in a confined manner are presented. The novel contribution lies in the proposal of a new approach for deriving the state transition probabilities borrowed from economic disciplines, which has not been studied so far with respect to the modeling of FSMC wireless fading channels. The proposed approach is based on equal portioning of the received signal-to-noise ratio, realized by using an alternative probability construction that was initially highlighted by Tauchen. The associated statistical procedure shows that afirst-order FSMC with a limited number of channel states can satisfactorily approximate fading. The computational overheads of the proposed technique are analyzed andproven to be less demanding compared to the conventional FSMC approach based on the levelcrossing rate. Simulations confirm the analytical results and promising performance of the new channel modelbased on the Tauchen approach without extracomplexity costs.

The thesis presents research on recent hydrothermal discharge features in a shallow marine hydrothermal system. It aims to clarify their occurrence, genesis, and preservation potential. A facies model is developed, being based on the processes involved in the formation and the prevailing lithofacies. It describes six major groups: channels, fractures, tubes, cones, bowls, and lineaments. Each of these groups subdivides into numerous facies types according to the cements or mineral precipitates prevailing. To clarify the rather complex formation processes of hydrothermal discharge features, genetic models for each facies are proposed. An integrated evolutionary model is developed considering the temporal evolution of the major types of hydrothermal discharge features in the Panarea system and their preservation potential. Confirming presumptions of former, preliminary data, the first documentation of secure paleo-evidences of such hydrothermal discharge features is presented.:1. Introduction ....11 1.1. Preamble .....11 1.2. Research questions, objectives, and hypotheses ......................................... 12 2. State of research - seafloor hydrothermal systems ................................ 15 2.1. Hydrothermal deposits in general ................................................................. 15 2.2. Deep-sea environments ............................................................................... 16 2.3. Shallow-water systems and their preservation potential ............................... 17 3. Panarea Island - the area of investigation ................................................ 20 3.1. The hydrothermal system of Panarea Island ................................................ 20 3.2. Fluid discharge features in Panarea ............................................................. 30 3.3. Study sites .................................................................................................... 34 4. Materials and methods ............................................................................... 40 4.1. Underwater research .................................................................................... 40 4.2. Field methods ............................................................................................... 41 4.3. Laboratory methods ..................................................................................... 44 5. Results ........................................................................................................ 47 5.1. Prevailing lithologies ..................................................................................... 47 5.1.1. Hardrocks ..................................................................................................... 47 5.1.2. Sedimentary rocks ........................................................................................ 51 5.1.3. Sediments .................................................................................................... 54 5.1.4. Cements ....................................................................................................... 58 5.2. Underwater investigation sites and findings ................................................. 66 HYDROTHERMAL FLUID DISCHARGE FEATURES IN PANAREA, ITALY PAGE 10 | 174 5.2.1. Area 26 ......................................................................................................... 66 5.2.2. Basiluzzo ...................................................................................................... 75 5.2.3. Black Point ................................................................................................... 77 5.2.4. Bottaro North ................................................................................................ 79 5.2.5. Bottaro West ................................................................................................. 81 5.2.6. Cave ............................................................................................................. 84 5.2.7. Fumarolic Field ............................................................................................. 87 5.2.8. Hot Lake ....................................................................................................... 89 5.2.9. La Calcara .................................................................................................... 92 5.2.10. Point 21 ........................................................................................................ 98 5.2.11. Subaerial locations ..................................................................................... 100 5.3. Summarizing tables .................................................................................... 104 6. Interpretation ............................................................................................ 106 6.1. Discharge features and secondary processes ............................................ 106 6.1.1. Complex genesis and development of discharge features and their occurrence throughout the system ............................................................. 119 6.1.1.1. Cones, bowls, and lineament structures ..................................................... 119 6.1.1.2. Tubes ......................................................................................................... 128 6.2. Preservation potential and paleo-record ..................................................... 138 7. Conclusion and Discussion .................................................................... 141 7.1. General context of the formation of hydrothermal discharge features in Panarea ...................................................................................................... 141 7.2. Evolution of hydrothermal discharge features in Panarea .......................... 142 7.3. Comprehensive summary ........................................................................... 145