面對經濟景氣停滯、財政赤字急遽惡化及相關社會福利支出等種種不利因素，我國政府在衡酌國際金融危機及稅制改革潮流下，於2009年將遺贈稅之最高邊際稅率由50％大幅調降為單一稅率10％，同時提高免稅額。就修法目的而言，主要希望藉由稅率的降低來吸引海外資金，並預期此項租稅改革能振興國內投資，進而穩健國內財政。 本研究利用財政部國稅局的實際課徵資料，並輔以美國、南韓、日本等國之稅制改革經驗為借鏡，分別就遺產及贈與稅之稅收變動、稽徵成本、違章漏稅等多個面向，分析遺贈稅修正後是否收得其效及其對稅賦之影響。研究結果發現，除稽徵效率有待改善外，我國遺贈稅稅賦收入於修法後並未有重大改變，主要係因海外資金實有回流，使得稅率在大幅降低的情形下，稅基並未受到侵蝕，顯見該次修法係有符合最初的預期及社會之期待。 / Facing with several unfavorable factors such as economic downturn, budget deficits, and enormous social welfare expenditures, Taiwanese government decided to lead a reform of current tax system by dropping the highest marginal tax rate of estate and gift tax from 50% to single tax rate of 10% and raising the exemption. The main purpose of this amendment is to attract foreign capitals, stimulate domestic consumptions and investments, and ultimately revitalize the economy and stabilize domestic finance. This study examines the effect of dropping estate and gift tax rate. Based on actual imposition data collected from Ministry of Finance, and experiences of United States, South Korea, Japan and other countries. I find that except for the process of tax collection is not efficient as expected, there is no significant change of tax revenue after amendment of estate and gift tax law, the reason is that the inflow of overseas funds increases the tax base. Overall, the reform of estate and gift tax does meet the initial expectation.