Burke's Garden High School was a small school established in 1915 that was located in a fertile farming community in the Appalachian Mountains of Southwest Virginia. The uniqueness of the geography of the area promoted a communal-based society whose citizens worked together for educational prosperity. This historical study documents the establishment of public education in Virginia, the demand for a public school in Burke's Garden, the establishment, operation, and closing of the school, as well as identifies the two career and technical education programs offered at the school, agricultural and home economics education. The remoteness of the community presented challenges to operating a school. Issues such as maintaining student enrollment numbers as well as qualified teachers required the school system and the community to work with neighboring communities for the benefit of the school and community. The practice of boarding students and teachers was employed to increase the number of students as well as to provide additional support for teachers. Eventually, due to improved transportation methods, construction of a new high school in the neighboring community of Tazewell, Virginia, and the modernization of the farming industry, there were fewer children in Burke's Garden, which led to the closing of the high school in 1960. Burke's Garden High School was one of five high schools operated in Tazewell County Public Schools from 1915 to 1960. Tazewell County, Virginia, has two distinct areas of economic dominance, the mining of coal and the production of agricultural products. Two historical studies of public schools in Tazewell County outline the relationship between specific communities and their schools: <i>A Historic Coal Mining Community and Its School: A Study of Pocahontas High School 1908-1991,</i> by Thomas Brewster (2000) and <i>A Coal Camp and Its Classroom: A Historical Study of a Virginia Coal Camp and Its School 1888-1987,</i> by Terry Mullins (1996). The two schools in these studies were both located in coal mining communities compared to Burke's Garden High School that was located in the agricultural section of Tazewell County. / Ed. D.

The purpose of this study was to identify the impact the 1990 amendments to Carl D. Perkins Career and Applied Technology Act within-state allocation of federal funds had on the operational infrastructure of career and technical education (CTE) in Virginia as specifically related to the overall quality of secondary CTE programs. In the 1990 Perkins Act, Section 102 mandated that 75% of the within-state allotment go directly to local secondary and postsecondary institutions that offered CTE programs. The remaining 25% of funding was divided among the following state-administered programs and agencies: (a) state administration (5%), (b) state leadership (8.5%), (c) corrections (1%), and (d) equity programs (10%) (AVA, 1992; U.S. Congress, 1984). This change to the within-state allocation formula was significantly different from previous Perkins Acts as well as the trends in educational policy at that time (NCRVE, 1991). In the 1998 reauthorization of Perkins, the localities allotment increased to 85% of within-state funding. A three round modified Policy Delphi technique was used to identify and rate the consequences of the within-state allocation amendments from a panel of CTE local administrators, state administrators, and university researchers and/or teacher educators. These participants worked within their CTE positions in Virginia before and after the enactment of 1990 Perkins Act. A total of 54 participants began Round 1 and 30 completed Round 3 for a 56% participation rate. A total of 223 unique consequences were identified and rated for relevancy to the within-state funding formula change and effect on the operation of CTE in Virginia. One hundred sixty-one consequences were deemed relevant within and/or between all position levels (local, state, and university). All position levels deemed 42 consequences as relevant to the within-state funding formula change. Of those 42 consequences, 35 received the same effect (positive or negative) among all position levels. The findings of this study suggest that the changes to the within-state funding formula and its accompanying amendments did have a negative effect on the operation of secondary CTE in Virginia. More specifically, the changes to the Perkins Act this study examined seemed to adversely effect CTE teacher education, state-level CTE research initiatives, and state-level CTE's ability to provide localities with hands-on technical assistance, professional and leadership development, and coordination. The findings also suggest the legislative changes negatively altered the manner in which program evaluation occurred within the state by decreasing the state-level assistance for developing methods of program evaluation. In other words, the findings of this study seem to suggest there is a lack of leadership, development, and direction within Virginia's CTE program. The researcher recommends that members of Congress charged with reauthorizing the Perkins legislation should review the current within-state funding formula to determine if it is the most effective funding formula for helping local and state-level CTE carry out the purpose of the legislation. / Ph. D.

Since the world has become smaller, resulting in the development of a global economy, it is no longer adequate for countries to provide education in silos by country or region. Instead, educators throughout the world need to integrate global competencies into their curricula. However, many teachers generally lack the knowledge of global context 21st century skills and do not have enough global experiences to assist them in providing this context. Although a great deal of effort has been put into providing teachers revised global Career and Technical Education (CTE) curriculum, very little is known concerning how many teachers are integrating global concepts into their curricula. The purpose of this research was to determine the factors that affect the integration of global tasks into Virginia Business Information and Technology (BIT) and Marketing Education (MKED) curriculum as defined by lived experiences of Virginia BIT and MKED teachers. A qualitative research method design was used to collect and analyze data for this study. A purposeful sampling method was chosen to find the best participants for this research. Interviews were used to determine the lived experiences of BIT and MKED concerning the extent to which they integrate global competencies into their curricula. In addition, factors affecting this integration were identified. The findings of this study suggest strategies for overcoming challenges for integrating global competency into the curricula and provide factors to make best practices for integrating global tasks into Virginia BIT and MKED curricula. / Doctor of Philosophy / Since the world has become smaller, resulting in the development of a global economy, it is no longer adequate for countries to provide education in silos by country or region. Instead, educators throughout the world need to integrate global competencies into their curricula. However, many teachers generally lack the knowledge of global context 21st century skills and do not have enough global experiences to assist them in providing this context. Although a great deal of effort has been put into providing teachers revised global Career and Technical Education (CTE) curriculum, very little is known concerning how many teachers are integrating global concepts into their curricula. The purpose of this research was to determine the factors that affect the integration of global tasks into Virginia Business Information and Technology (BIT) and Marketing Education (MKED) curriculum as defined by lived experiences of Virginia BIT and MKED teachers. A qualitative research method design was used to collect and analyze data for this study. A purposeful sampling method was chosen to find the best participants for this research. Interviews were used to determine the lived experiences of BIT and MKED concerning the extent to which they integrate global competencies into their curricula. In addition, factors affecting this integration were identified. The Findings of this study suggest strategies for overcoming challenges for integrating global competency into the curricula and to provide factors to make best practices for integrating global tasks into Virginia BIT and MKED curricula.

Given the current state of public education reform and policy conversations, a fundamental component of effective teaching is left out of the dialogue: teacher identity. At present, few studies were found in the literature that focus specifically on the construction of the perceived teacher identity of secondary family and consumer sciences (FCS) teachers in career and technical education (CTE) classrooms. Thus, exploring teachers' experiences and perceptions of how their professional identities developed is important not only for FCS teachers, but for all educators because examining the beliefs held by teachers can improve practice by helping teachers respond to the changes in education. The first purpose of this study was to gain an in-depth understanding of the lived experiences of secondary FCS teachers in CTE classrooms as they relate to their beliefs about teaching. The second purpose was to further examine the meanings that these teachers make of these experiences and influences as they are connected to the construction of their perceived teaching identities. The researcher used a qualitative research design to examine the lived experiences of 10 FCS teachers. Guided by a theoretical framework of reflective practice, data were gathered using semi-structured participant interviews, researcher reflexive journal, and field notes. The findings are presented in narratives, one for each participant. Themes are identified within each narrative and common themes emerged across narratives. Among the results of the study were that beliefs about teaching are: reflective of the teacher, responsive to students' needs, and related to the teacher-student relationship. These beliefs were shaped by experiences in education, interactions with students, and significant life events. The reported teacher identity of the participants was described as serving as a role model, teaching FCS, caring, and being supportive. Distinct types of support are necessary to encourage teacher longevity and job satisfaction, both of which are constructs linked to teacher identity. A better understanding of how FCS teachers construct their sense of teacher identity offers new insight into job satisfaction, retention, professional development, and the improvement of practice. Recommendations for future research are suggested as part of the conclusions of this study. / Ph. D.

published_or_final_version / Education / Master / Master of Education

published_or_final_version / Education / Master / Master of Education

by Chan Kwok-Tai. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1987. / Bibliography: leaves 51-52.

Thesis (M. Ed.)--University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 45-47).

Thesis (M.Ed.)--University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 45-47). Also available in print.

M.Ed. / Technical development, which has its roots in technical education is a high priority in any developing country that aims at the creation of well being for all its citizens. On the other hand, over the past decades, technical education in the Republic of South Africa has not been able to offer sufficient drive to become a contributing factor to bring about the expected economic growth. Certain underlying causes in this regard, were and are today still acceptable. Although certain practical experience in industry is a prerequisite for entry into the education profession, this experience is ignored in terms of salary, promotion service and leave once the person is a fully fledged member of the profession. This is surely the greatest contributory factor to the disillusionment of these teachers during the past decades. Should this underlying problem be removed, it will serve as the necessary stimulus for the people concerned to address the technological demands and a new dimension will occur. The role that the well qualified teacher plays in any teachingand learning situation cannot be over emphasized. He serves as an important bolster against didactic neglect of the child. Should the most recent discussion documents namely the CUMSA, National Training Board as well as the ANC's points of view in connection with educational affairs be integrated, the possibility of an excellent epucational policy may result. The following are the main points from the discussion documents that address the proposed training model: * technology education and engineering studies, which are regarded as career subjects in the senior secondary phase, may be taken as choice subjects. * the possible integration of education and training. * that the modular system to the curriculum with its exit points be followed at schools. * that an adult trainer will receive recognition by means of a certification council for all previous learning and teaching experience (formal as well as informal). The proposed training model in this study makes provision for the trainers, namely that the fechnical teachers who comply with the provisions/requirements of the proposed model be accountably and financially considered qualified so s to optimally fulfil their education and teaching tasks.