There has been considerable amount of work done in the past decade by different biometric vendors as well as researchers in order to improve the accuracy of both biometric data collection systems as well as the underlying algorithms to perform different mapping and matching. Biometric Facial recognition systems are continuously improving with advancements in technology as well as decreasing hardware costs. However, in order to develop efficient biometric facial recognition systems, organizations must take into account different technical issues which include reliability, usability, interoperability as well as data collection, dissemination and evaluation of such systems. Adherence to standards is a key for interoperable systems and user acceptance along with trust can lead to easy deployment of such facial biometric systems in a society. These technical as well as social issues were identified by regular discussions with the Chairman and members of Swedish National Biometric Association’s and conducting interview sessions with different biometric companies who are specially dealing with face recognition biometric systems and are supplemented with a thorough literature review of the state of art research practices within face recognition domain. / The demand for user-friendly, reliable, proactive, high performance and highly interoperable biometric devices has grown exponentially. After conducting the case study, collecting data through the questionnaire and reviewing the literature the researchers come to the point that organizations willing to develop or deploy such systems needs to take into account many technical as well as social issues to make the best out of these systems. The extension of face recognition biometric technologies raises new and challenging questions in a society that enshrines privacy and liberty. This system can either enhance or undermine our liberties depending upon its use. A framework is needed by which we may resolve issues pertaining to proper and legitimate deployment and get expected outcome. The framework or centralized structure is needed which will compile and common issues and provide guidelines to face recognition biometric industry.

The management and administration of legally defined marine boundaries in Australia is subject to a variety of political, legal and technical challenges. The purpose of this thesis is to address three of the technical challenges faced in the implementation of marine boundaries which cannot be dealt with by applying conventional land cadastre and land administration principles. The three challenges that are identified and addressed are (i) marine boundary delimitation and positioning uncertainty, (ii) the construction and maintenance of four dimensional marine parcels, and (iii) the modelling and management of marine boundary uncertainty metadata.