Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:25:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Celso dos Santos Malachias.pdf: 1474880 bytes, checksum: 9f14726561bfbd6fec81c2c0a1c8fc79 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-03-08 / The present discusses the subject of the technological innovation in the Information Technology (IT) segment services sector, specifically in Brazilian market, addressing questions about the key factors for the innovation, and whether or not there are earnings for the companies which innovate. It starts from the hypothesis that the constructs "technological regime" and "innovative environment" are the basis for the innovative performance of the companies and, consequently for the enterprise performance . The relevance of the present study is credited due to: a) the lack of national studies regarding the same subject, b) attainment of the technological regime evidences as a propellant to the innovation, and c) the innovation impact of the enterprise performance subdivided into innovative and economic performance in the Information Technology (IT) segment services sector in Brazil. To emphasize the relevance of the subject, it is important to mention that the added value of the services sector of the Organization for the Economic Cooperation and Development countries (OECD, 2005), already surpasses the remaining sectors of the economy. The study, which is exploratory, approaches and relates, theoretically and empirically, existing and new concepts, such as: technological regime", innovative profile , innovative performance and economic performance . The study includes foreign classic authors such as Schumpeter, Lundvall, Nelson, Malerba, Orsenigo, Galluj, Sundbo, among others, together with modern studies of national contemporaries authors, as: Kon, Tiger, Meirelles, Kubota, among others. As research method, the Pesquisa da Atividade Econômica Paulista (PAEP, edition 2001) database from Sistema Estadual de Análise de Dados (SEADE) Foundation was used and, through quantitative analysis, supported by statistical techniques as factorial analysis, structural equations modelling, reached relevant results proving correlations among the constructs (structural modelling). Manipulation instruments, programs (software) as SPSS and SmartPLS were also used. The findings obtained through the secondary data manipulation had showed an alignment with the theory, sustaining that the innovation in services happens more strongly by interaction or cooperation (external) among companies, rather than by research and development (R&D), as observed in the industrial sector (manufacturing). Additionally, the construct factors technological regime and innovation environment enable an innovative profile in the companies. Such innovative profile stimulates a differentiated performance either in qualitative aspects, as for example, new products launching, market share increasing, or in quantitative aspects in the economic performance construct showed in the indicators equity per capita and fixed asset per capita . Considering the obtained results, the presented hypotheses prove that the factors of the technological regime and the nature of the innovation environment explain the innovation and this explains both differentiated innovative and economic performance . Therefore, it evidences the relationship among such factors, in the structural model, and of the indicators composing its constructs, in the measuring model. / O presente estudo discute o tema da inovação tecnológica, no setor de serviços em Tecnologia da Informação no mercado brasileiro, e busca responder questões sobre quais são os condicionantes para a inovação neste segmento de serviços, e se existem ganhos para as empresas que inovam. Parte da hipótese de que os construtos regime tecnológico e natureza inovadora do ambiente são fundamentais para o desempenho inovativo das empresas e consequentemente, para um desempenho empresarial . A relevância do presente estudo deve-se a: a) carência de trabalhos nacionais a respeito do mesmo assunto, b) obtenção de resultados que evidenciem o regime tecnológico como um propulsor à inovação, e c) análise do impacto da inovação no desempenho empresarial sob a ótica do desempenho inovativo e econômico para o setor de serviços em tecnologia da informação no Brasil. Para ressaltar a relevância do tema, é importante mencionar que o valor adicionado do setor de serviços dos países da Organização para a Cooperação Econômica e Desenvolvimento já supera os demais setores da economia (OECD, 2005). O estudo, que é exploratório, aborda e relaciona de forma teórica e empírica conceitos (construtos) existentes já conhecidos e novos, tais como: regime tecnológico , ambiente de inovação , perfil inovativo , desempenho inovativo e desempenho econômico . Sendo assim, o estudo inclui autores estrangeiros clássicos como Schumpeter, Lundvall, Nelson, Malerba, Orsenigo, Galluj, Sundbo, entre outros, bem como apresenta estudos de autores nacionais contemporâneos, como: Kon, Tigre, Meirelles, Kubota, entre outros. Como método de pesquisa, o estudo utilizou-se do banco de dados da Pesquisa da Atividade Econômica Paulista (PAEP, edição 2001) da Fundação Sistema Estadual de Análise de Dados (SEADE), que através de análise quantitativa, apoiada em técnicas estatísticas, como análise fatorial e modelagem de equações estruturais, alcançou resultados relevantes comprovando correlações entre os construtos (modelo estrutural). Foram utilizados instrumentos de manipulação, programas (softwares) como, SPSS e SmartPLS. Os resultados apurados, através da manipulação de dados secundários, mostraram um alinhamento com a teoria, sustentando que a inovação em serviços dá-se mais por interação ou cooperação (externa) entre empresas, do que devido à pesquisa e desenvolvimento (P&D), como observado no setor industrial (manufatura). Adicionalmente, evidenciou-se que os construtos condicionantes regime tecnológico e ambiente de inovação estimulam um perfil inovativo nas empresas. Tal perfil inovativo propicia um desempenho empresarial diferenciado em dois aspectos, qualitativo, como por exemplo, lançamento de novos produtos, aumento na participação de mercado, bem como com o construto desempenho econômico , através dos indicadores de patrimônio líquido per capita e ativo fixo per capita . Face ao resultado obtido, pode-se considerar que houve comprovação das hipóteses apresentadas de que os condicionantes regime tecnológico e a natureza o ambiente de inovação explicam a inovação e esta explica o desempenho qualitativo e econômico diferenciado das empresas. O estudo evidencia, portanto, o relacionamento dos construtos, no modelo (estatístico) estrutural, e dos indicadores compondo seus construtos, no modelo (estatístico) de análise de mensuração.

В настоящее время существует значительный дефицит конструкторско-технологического персонала на предприятиях литейного производства. Данная проблема не является уникальной для России – в промышленно развитых странах она существует уже более 30 лет и успешно решается при помощи аутсорсинга. Инжиниринговая фирма предлагает для предприятий региона комплексное решение технологических задач, в том числе: разработку конструкции отливки, разработку технологии, разработку оснастки, изготовление оснастки на субподряде, получение опытной партии отливок. Для самостоятельного контроля параметров изготовления отливки предусмотрена закупка лабораторного оборудования. Существенным преимуществом проектируемого предприятия является наличие сайта с расчетчиком, позволяющего клиенту в режиме онлайн определить стоимость работ в зависимости от сложности отливки и возникающих при ее изготовлении проблем (кроме усадочных дефектов). На сайте предусмотрен контроль добросовестности заполнения клиентом контрольных форм. Уровень сложности контролируется по количеству размеров на чертеже. Решение указанных проблем оговаривается в договоре. Приведены примеры решения сложных задач по конструированию отливок, оснастки, внедрению в производство. Описаны возникающие проблемы и решения. Инжиниринговая фирма в литейном производстве открывается в формате ИП, в связи с небольшими оборотами. Рассчитана минимизация налогообложения, принята упрощенная система, доходы минус расходы. / There is a shortage of design and technological personnel at foundries. This problem is not unique to Russia - in “gold billion” countries it has existed for more than 30 years and is successfully solved with outsourcing. The engineering company offers enterprises in the region a comprehensive solution to technological problems, including development of casting design, technology development, development of tooling, subcontracting of tooling, production of a pilot batch of castings. For independent control of casting manufacturing parameters, the purchase of laboratory equipment is provided. A significant advantage of the designed enterprise is the presence of a website with a calculator, which allows the client to determine online the cost of work depending on the complexity of the casting and the problems that arise during its manufacture (except for shrinkage defects). The site provides for monitoring the integrity of the client’s filling out forms. The level of complexity is controlled by the number of dimensions in the drawing. The solution to these problems is specified in the contract. Examples of solving complex problems in the design of castings, equipment, and implementation in production are given. Emerging problems and solutions are described. An engineering company in foundry production is opened as an individual entrepreneur due to low turnover. Tax minimization was calculated, a simplified system was adopted, income minus expenses.