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The Way We Say SorryEverard, Brie E. 06 September 2018 (has links)
No description available.
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UTILIZATION OF WEB‐BASED APP TO TARGET OBESOGENIC FACTORS IN RURAL KENTUCKY COUNTIES WITH HIGH RATES OF OBESITYCasey, Erin M. 01 January 2018 (has links)
Due to socioeconomic disparities and geographic isolation, rural Kentucky residents bear a greater burden of poor health compared to national averages. Specifically, rural Kentucky residents are at greater risk of becoming obese and suffering from comorbidities of obesity such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. The purpose of the present study was two-fold. First, we the barriers to nutrition and physical activity unique to rural Kentucky counties which high proportions of obese adults (< 40%) were examined and extrapolated. Second, this information was used to develop a health and wellness app tailored to rural Kentucky counties. The objective was met via a formative assessment regarding causes for obesity in three rural Kentucky counties using focus groups. From these discussions, two major themes arose: barriers to good nutrition and physical activity, and desired web‐app features. From this assessment, FitFaceoff was developed and released into the same counties. Usage and user interaction were assessed using GoogleAnalytics™ software. Analysis revealed poor user liking and unsuccessful implementation of FitFaceoff, however further qualitative research is needed to evaluate poor user reception of FitFaceoff and possible future directions.
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Computer Assisted Instruction to Improve Theory of Mind in Children with AutismEason, Lindsey R. 12 1900 (has links)
Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show significant deficits in communication, emotion recognition, perspective taking, and social skills. One intervention gaining increased attention is the use of computer assisted instruction (CAI) to teach social, emotional and perspective-taking skills to individuals with ASD with the purpose of improving theory of mind skills. This study evaluated the effectiveness of CAI for improving theory of mind skills in four children with high functioning autism ages 5 to 12 years. A single-subject multiple baseline research design across participants was utilized to evaluate the effectiveness of CAI. The software contained 22 instructional scenarios that asked participants to identify emotions of characters based on situational cues displayed in line drawn pictures and audio feedback for correct and incorrect responses. Mind-reading skills were assessed using ten randomly selected scenarios for various emotions and no audio feedback. Visual analysis of the data revealed that all four participants increased mind-reading skills during the CAI condition. Additionally, this study evaluated levels of task engagement during experimental conditions. Three of the four participants showed an increase in task engagement during CAI compared to paper-based social stories used during baseline. Generalization of skills was assessed through the use of social scenarios acted out by family members of participants. All four participants were able to correctly identify emotions displayed in generalization scenarios. Results demonstrated that CAI was an effective and socially viable method for improving ToM skills in children with autism and they could generalize their skills to untrained settings.
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Technology Acceptance and Compliance in Obstructive Sleep Apnea PatientsKidwai, Asif 01 January 2018 (has links)
The focus of this study is the problem of declining trend in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patient compliance. Studies reported improved compliance in patients with chronic diseases due to technology-based interventions. However, researchers have not investigated the advantages of technology to improve the compliance of OSA patients in detail. The specific problem was the lack of engagement between patients and healthcare managers, resulting in low compliance within OSA patients. The purpose of this qualitative study was to evaluate how technology-based interventions can improve OSA patient engagement with the healthcare managers resulting in improved compliance with treatment procedures. In this study, the technology acceptance model was used as the instrument in evaluating the information collected through interviews with 20 healthcare managers about their attitudes toward usage, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use. The transcribed interviews were open-coded using the RQDA library in R Studio. In general, results from this study indicated that the healthcare managers showed a positive attitude towards the use of technology for patient engagement and expressed that the technology is useful for patient engagement and is easier to use. However, they identified technology-related and patient-related challenges in implementing technology for patient engagement. Further, the respondents identified process-related and patient-related opportunities in using technology for patient engagement. Results from this study have practice and policy implications by enabling healthcare managers to devise better compliance plans for OSA patient management. The findings could have a social benefit by helping healthcare managers to implement technology-based interventions to better achieve a higher compliance resulting in better patient health at lower costs.
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Harm reduction interventions for young people with first-episode psychosis who continue to use cannabisCoronado-Montoya, Stephanie 04 1900 (has links)
Background: In young people with a first episode of psychosis (FEP), cannabis use is widespread
and associated with a significantly worsened prognosis. Few cannabis-specific interventions for
this population have been evaluated; most have focused on ceasing or reducing cannabis use, and
none are considered highly effective in addressing cannabis use. For many young people with FEP
who use cannabis, abstinence-focused approaches may be unappealing or unrealistic options
potentially impacting intervention engagement or outcomes. Harm reduction interventions, which
seek to reduce cannabis use-related harms rather than requiring abstinence, may present an
appealing alternative to young people with FEP who continue using cannabis; few interventions
have implemented this approach. Further, there is a scarcity of studies documenting preferences of
young people with FEP for cannabis harm reduction interventions or evaluating cannabis harm
reduction interventions in this population.
Aims: This thesis aims to (a) synthesize the evidence on efficacy of preventive interventions
focusing on cannabis use for people with psychosis (review); (b) determine the preferences of
young people with FEP using cannabis in relation to key characteristics of cannabis harm reduction
interventions (survey); and (c) describe the development of a technology-based harm reduction
intervention for young people with FEP who use cannabis, and its associated pilot trial (protocol).
Methods: Three studies were conducted. Review: Six databases were searched for randomized
controlled trials (RCTs) of interventions aiming to reduce cannabis use-related harms or prevent
cannabis use disorder in people with psychosis. Two independent reviewers assessed eligible
studies for effectiveness and reporting quality. Intervention effectiveness was described by
assessing cannabis-related harms and use outcomes. Survey: A survey, combining two discrete
choice experiments (DCE) and conventional survey methodology, was developed to document
preferences for cannabis harm reduction interventions. This survey was administered to 89 youth
in Canada having FEP and using cannabis. One DCE focused on core attributes of harm reduction
interventions (DCE 1) and the second on attributes of boosters (DCE 2). We analyzed these using
mixed ranked-ordered logistic regression models. Conventional survey questions on preferences
were analyzed using summary statistics. Protocol: A brief, technology-based cannabis harm
reduction intervention for young people with FEP using cannabis, called the Cannabis Harm-
reducing App to Manage Practices Safely (CHAMPS), was developed to complement FEP standard
care. A pilot RCT aiming to recruit 100 young people with FEP and using cannabis was designed
to assess the intervention acceptability and the feasibility of conducting a full-scale trial in this
population and with this intervention.
Results: Review: Five studies were assessed, none of which measured cannabis use-related harms
or demonstrated clear efficacy in reducing cannabis use in young people with psychosis. All studies
had high risk of bias. Survey: Preferred characteristics for cannabis-focused harm reduction
interventions (DCE 1) were: shorter sessions; less frequent sessions; shorter interventions; and
technology-based interventions. Preferences for post-intervention boosters (DCE 2) included
opting into boosters and having shorter boosters. Protocol: The protocol describing the
development of CHAMPS and its pilot RCT was published; the pilot RCT is currently underway.
Significance: Few cannabis-specific interventions for young people with FEP have been
conducted, none demonstrating clear efficacy or focusing on harm reduction outcomes. Survey
findings suggest an interest in cannabis harm reduction interventions and highlight preferred
characteristics of young people with FEP for cannabis harm reduction interventions. These findings
can guide the design of cannabis harm reductions interventions, as with CHAMPS. CHAMPS
represents a novel cannabis harm reduction intervention for young people with FEP who use
cannabis, and its associated pilot RCT has the potential to advance knowledge for scientists
regarding acceptability and feasibility of implementing cannabis harm reduction interventions in
the cannabis and early psychosis fields. / Contexte: Chez les jeunes ayant un premier épisode de psychose (PEP), la consommation de
cannabis est très répandue et associée à une détérioration significative du diagnostic. Peu
d'interventions spécifiques au cannabis pour cette population ont été évaluées; la plupart se sont
concentrées sur l'arrêt ou la réduction de la consommation de cannabis, et aucune n'est considérée
comme très efficace pour traiter la consommation de cannabis. Pour de nombreux jeunes ayant un
PEP et consommant du cannabis, les approches axées sur l'abstinence peuvent être peu attrayant
ou irréaliste, ce qui peut avoir un impact sur l'engagement ou les résultats de l'intervention. Les
interventions de réduction des méfaits, qui cherchent à réduire les méfaits liés à la consommation
de cannabis plutôt que d'exiger l'abstinence, peuvent constituer une alternative attrayante pour les
jeunes ayant un PEP qui continuent à consommer du cannabis; peu d'interventions ont mis en œuvre
cette approche. En outre, il existe peu d'études documentant les préférences des jeunes ayant un
PEP pour les interventions de réduction des méfaits du cannabis ou évaluant les interventions de
réduction des méfaits du cannabis dans cette population.
Objectifs : Cette thèse vise à (a) synthétiser les preuves de l'efficacité des interventions préventives
axées sur la consommation de cannabis pour les personnes ayant un PEP (revue); (b) déterminer
les préférences des jeunes ayant un PEP qui consomment du cannabis par rapport aux
caractéristiques clés des interventions de réduction des méfaits du cannabis (sondage); et (c) décrire
le développement d'une intervention de réduction des méfaits basée sur la technologie pour les
jeunes ayant un PEP qui consomment du cannabis, ainsi que l'essai pilote associé (protocole).
Méthodes: Trois études ont été réalisées. Revue: Six bases de données ont été consultées à la
recherche d'essais contrôlés randomisés (ECR) portant sur des interventions visant à réduire les
méfaits liés à la consommation de cannabis ou à prévenir les troubles liés à la consommation de
cannabis chez les personnes ayant un PEP. Deux chercheurs indépendants ont évalué les études
éligibles en termes d'efficacité et de qualité des résultats. L'efficacité des interventions a été décrite
en évaluant les effets sur les méfaits liés au cannabis et les résultats de la consommation. Sondage:
Un sondage, combinant deux expériences de choix discret (ECD) et une méthodologie d'enquête
conventionnelle, a été élaboré pour documenter les préférences en matière d'interventions de
réduction des méfaits du cannabis. Cette enquête a été menée auprès de 89 jeunes Canadiens ayant un PEP et consommant du cannabis. Une ECD mettait l’accent sur les caractéristiques principales
des interventions de réduction des méfaits (ECD 1) et l'autre sur les caractéristiques des sessions
de rappel (ECD 2). Nous les avons analysés à l'aide de modèles de régression logistique mixtes et
ordonnés. Les questions conventionnelles de sondage sur les préférences ont été analysées à l'aide
de statistiques sommaires. Protocole: Une brève intervention de réduction des méfaits du cannabis
basée sur la technologie et destinée aux jeunes ayant un PEP et consommant du cannabis, appelée
Cannabis Harm-reducing App to Manage Practices Safely (CHAMPS), a été développée pour
accompagner les soins standards du PEP. Un ECR pilote visant à recruter 100 jeunes ayant un PEP
et consommant du cannabis a été conçu pour évaluer l'acceptabilité de l'intervention et la faisabilité
d'un essai à grande échelle au sein de cette population et avec cette intervention.
Résultats: Revue: Cinq études ont été évaluées, dont aucune n'a mesuré les méfaits liés à la
consommation de cannabis ou n'a démontré une efficacité claire dans la réduction de la
consommation de cannabis chez les jeunes ayant un PEP. Toutes les études présentaient un risque
élevé de biais. Sondage: Les caractéristiques préférées pour les interventions de réduction des
méfaits du cannabis (ECD 1) étaient: des sessions plus courtes, des sessions moins fréquentes, des
interventions plus courtes et des interventions basées sur la technologie. Les préférences pour les
séances de rappel après l'intervention (ECD 2) comprenaient le choix de participer à des séances
de rappel et des séances de rappel plus courtes. Protocole: Le protocole décrivant le développement
de CHAMPS et son essai pilote a été publié; l'essai pilote est actuellement en cours.
Impact: Peu d'interventions spécifiques au cannabis ont été menées auprès des jeunes ayant un
PEP, aucune n'ayant démontré une efficacité évidente ou n'ayant mis l'accent sur la réduction des
méfaits. Les résultats de l'enquête suggèrent un intérêt pour les interventions de réduction des
risques liés au cannabis et mettent en évidence les caractéristiques préférées des jeunes ayant un
PEP pour les interventions de réduction des risques liés au cannabis. Ces résultats peuvent guider
la conception d'interventions de réduction des méfaits du cannabis, comme c'est le cas avec
CHAMPS. CHAMPS représente une nouvelle intervention de réduction des méfaits du cannabis
pour les jeunes ayant un PEP qui consomment du cannabis, et l'ECR pilote qui lui est associé a le
potentiel de faire progresser les connaissances des scientifiques concernant l'acceptabilité et la
faisabilité de la mise en œuvre d'interventions de réduction des méfaits du cannabis dans les
domaines du cannabis et des psychoses précoces.
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