Made available in DSpace on 2012-09-06T01:11:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) 685.pdf: 680667 bytes, checksum: c14c4ca24e4cf72dfa6b569952125d49 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Este trabalho tem por objetivo discutir as práticas de gestão atuais do desenvolvimento tecnológico de vacinas em Bio-Manguinhos /FIOCRUZ, para identificar os obstáculos existentes na transformação dos conhecimentos gerados pela atividade de P&D em produtos, almejando desenhar uma proposta de gestão e operação da Planta de Protótipos, em fase de implantação na instituição. Dentro desta perspectiva, foram levantadas as fontes e o eselecimento das bases e capacitação tecnológica do Instituto, a evolução, lacunas e o "estado da arte" de seu programa de P&D, do ponto de vista organizacional, de sua infra-estrutura, recursos humanos e projetos em desenvolvimento na área de vacinas. Foram também abordados as bases tecnológicas para a produção de vacinas, o processo de desenvolvimento tecnológico, etapas e requisitos colocados pelos conceitos, normas e legislação que regulamenta o licenciamento de novos produtos. No intuito de gerar parâmetros comparativos com os mecanismos adotados pelo Instituto, captar as melhores práticas e adaptá-las para o contexto de Bio-Manguinhos /FIOCRUZ, buscou-se estudar uma empresa da indústria farmacêutica, líder na produção e desenvolvimento tecnológico, com alta taxa de inovação na área de vacinas, do ponto de vista de sua infra-estrutura, organização e práticas de gestão em P&D de forma a contribuir para a elaboração de uma proposta de gestão e operação da nova Planta. A análise da capacitação e do potencial do Instituto permitiu tecer algumas recomendações para a reorganização do Departamento de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico e das atividades de P&D em vacinas, dentro dos conceitos apresentados neste trabalho e das transformações que vem ocorrendo a nível mundial.Concluiu-se que a Planta de Protótipos é estratégica para Bio-Manguinhos /FIOCRUZ e para o país, preenchendo uma importante lacuna na cadeia de inovação, tão necessária para diminuir a distancia tecnológica e a dependência de importação de insumos estratégicos para a saúde, onde o domínio das tecnologias do futuro é elemento estratégico para a competitividade da Unidade a curto, médio e longo prazo. Como resultado final foi elaborada uma proposta para operação e gestão dessa Planta, dentro de um arranjo institucional voltado para o desenvolvimento e inovação de produtos biotecnológicos para a saúde.

FREITAS, Débora Gaspar Feitosa; SILVA, Lúcia Maria Ramos. Nível tecnológico e competitividade da produção de mel de abelha (Apis mellifera) no Ceará. 2003. 94f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Pós-Graduação em Economia Rural, Departamento de Economia Agrícola, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Fortaleza-CE, 2003 / Submitted by Margareth Mesquita (margaret@ufc.br) on 2011-08-26T18:42:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2003_dis_dgffreitas.pdf: 269318 bytes, checksum: 6ed3196a62b6aaa9732322b7d15b2d73 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Margareth Mesquita(margaret@ufc.br) on 2011-08-29T17:32:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2003_dis_dgffreitas.pdf: 269318 bytes, checksum: 6ed3196a62b6aaa9732322b7d15b2d73 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2011-08-29T17:32:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2003_dis_dgffreitas.pdf: 269318 bytes, checksum: 6ed3196a62b6aaa9732322b7d15b2d73 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-02-24 / The present study aimed to analyze the beekeeping in the State of Ceará focusing the honey production in the main municipal districts producing of the State, precisely making an analysis of the technological level employed in the production, as well as evaluating the profitability of the activity and the competitiveness in terms of efficiency of the producers, and finally the relationship of technological level and competitiveness. The research took place through collection of primary data through direct interviews with the producers in the municipal districts of Mombaça, Pacajús e Chorozinho – State of Ceará, during October 2002. To evaluate technological level, the honey production system was separated in five technologies: equipments, management, harvest, after-harvest and administration; then technological indexes were developed separately for each technology and for their group, based on the respective recommended technology, where the more close of the recommended technology, higher is the value of this index and, therefore better the technological level. The evaluation of the profitability was made by using the methodology of the Integrated System of Agricultural Costs - CUSTAGRI, and for competitiveness analysis it was used the efficiency indicators as prices and costs, and profitability indicators as operational profit and profitability index. To verify the relationship between the technological level and the competitiveness a simple regression it was used by the method of the Ordinary Square Minimum - MQO, where the competitiveness was analyzed as variable dependent of the technological level. The main obtained results shows that the technological level of honey production is considered good, and the technology of after-harvest presents better indexes, while in the technology of administration, was found the lowest indexes. Concerning to the profitability, the honey production is a profitable activity, involving low costs and could arrive high profitability indexes. The technological levels influence the competitiveness positively. / O presente estudo procurou analisar a apicultura no Estado do Ceará, enfocando a produção de mel de abelhas (Apis mellifera) nos principais Municípios produtores do Estado, mais precisamente fazendo uma análise do nível tecnológico empregado na produção, bem como avaliando a rentabilidade da atividade e a competitividade em termos de eficiência dos produtores, e, por fim a relação do nível tecnológico com a competitividade. A pesquisa se realizou através de coleta de dados primários por meio de entrevistas diretas com os produtores nos Municípios de Mombaça, Pacajús e Chorozinho – Estado do Ceará – Brasil - no mês de outubro de 2002. Para avaliação do nível tecnológico, dividiu-se o sistema de produção de mel em cinco componentes: uso de equipamentos, manejo, colheita, pós-colheita e gestão; daí foram desenvolvidos índices tecnológicos para cada um separadamente e para o conjunto deles, com base na respectiva tecnologia recomendada, sendo que, quanto mais próximo da tecnologia recomendada, maior é o valor deste índice e, portanto, melhor o nível tecnológico. A avaliação da rentabilidade foi feita utilizando-se a metodologia do Sistema Integrado de Custos Agropecuários – CUSTAGRI, e a competitividade teve a abordagem onde utilizou-se os indicadores de eficiência como preços, custos e ucratividade. Para verificar a relação entre o nível tecnológico e a competitividade utilizou-se uma regressão simples pelo método dos mínimos quadrados ordinários – MQO, onde a competitividade foi analisada como variável dependente do nível tecnológico. Os principais resultados obtidos mostram que o nível tecnológico dos produtores de mel é considerado bom, sendo que na pós-colheita apresenta melhores índices, enquanto na gestão foram encontrados os mais baixos índices. No que se refere a rentabilidade, a produção de mel é uma atividade muito rentável, envolvendo baixos custos e podendo chegar a elevados índices de lucratividade. Os níveis tecnológicos influenciam positivamente a competitividade.

The research project focused on the study of different technologies for film coating of pellets using ethylcellulose as barrier-membrane coating polymer. In particular, two different approaches were investigated: the conventional aqueous film coating and the dry powder coating methods. The research carried out during the first part of the PhD provided a comprehensive study of the conventional aqueous film coating process of guaifenesin-loaded pellets in order to understand the variables affecting the drug migration through the barrier-membrane film coating and thus the stability over time of the final dosage form. The analysed process comprised the drug layering followed by the film coating technique in a Wurster fluid bed. The effect of curing conditions, drug loading and coating level and of the drug-layering solution on the technological properties of pellets was fully evaluated. In the second part of the research, an innovative dry powder coating technology was developed to apply the functional ethylcellulose based coating upon pellets avoiding the use of solvents (neither organic solvents nor water). In particular, the study was designed along three steps: i) Preparation of free films to evaluate the film formation process and to achieve the minimum film forming temperature of the coating formula; ii) Powder coating process of unloaded pellets; iii) Powder coating of drug-loaded pellets. This research analyzed different combinations of polymer, plasticizer, co-plasticizer and other adjuvant by evaluating free films and their assessment through curing and storage. Then suitable coating formulations were utilized for the development of the manufacturing process upon placebo pellets. Subsequently, the dry powder coating process was successfully optimized to coat caffeine-loaded pellets.

Children around the world are routinely being treated with medicines that have not been designed and developed for this specific patient population, putting them at risk of inaccurate dosing and side effects. In the view of these considerations, the PhD research project was addressed to the use of specific formulation strategies for the development of innovative paediatric dosage forms. The research has been structured in three case studies, concerning different oral formulations: mucoadhesive buccal films, dispersible granules and complex suspensions. The first part of the research investigated the use of polymeric films for systemic absorption of ondansetron hydrochloride through the buccal mucosa. Several mixtures of hydrophilic polymers were evaluated to optimize the hydration ability of such films, the residence time at the site of application and the drug permeation profile. The second approach was focused on the development of fast dispersible granules for oral administration of praziquantel. Granules represent a flexible dosage form for preschool-aged children that can be given as dispersion in beverages or administered with food, improving the palatability of the formulations and the adherence to therapy. The last part of the work was carried out at the University of Birmingham and faced one of the central challenge associated with paediatric treatment: the taste masking of molecules characterized by bitter taste. To achieve this purpose, polyelectrolyte complexes, composed of whey protein and pectin, and able to encapsulate active substances were developed. Caffeine was selected as model drug for its particularly bitter taste. Finally, the results presented in this thesis demonstrated that specific formulation strategies can be used to overcome the predominant issues related to paediatric administration of medicines, in order to guarantee the complete adherence of children to the therapy and thus the success of the treatment.

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In questa tesi ho analizzato le disposizioni legali che regolano l'associazionismo farmaceutico, oblligatorio o libero; corporativo o scientifico, e la sua relazione con i Sistemi Nazionali di Salute, dal punto di vista delle disposizioni vigenti nell'Unione Europea e le sue diverse applicazioni in due stati rappresentativi dell modello di amministrazione farmaceutica mediterranea, la Spagna e l`Italia, in comparazione con il modello anglosassone (Inghilterra). In primo luogo, si é presa in considerazione l'aggregazione professionale ufficiale dei farmacisti. In secondo luogo, sono analizzate le aggruppazioni economiche degli stessi professionisti e la loro relazione con i corrispondenti Sistemi di Salute. Questo lavoro pretende di mostrare una visione attuale di quello che é stato tradizionalmente l'essenza della professione farmaceutica dalle sue origini ( secolo XIII) e come essa si é inquadrata nei diversi stati grazie alla Pharmaceutical Care.

No description available.

No description available.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a fatal neurodegenerative condition characterized clinically by progressive memory loss and irreversible cognitive deterioration. It has been shown that there is a progressive degeneration of the brain cholinergic neurons which leads to the appearance of cognitive symptoms of the disease. The aim of this work was the formulation of multifunctional nanocarriers for nasal administration of tacrine-HCl (THA). This route has many advantages; in particular is possible to convey the drug directly to the Central Nervous System, through the olfactory bulb. In particular, were prepared Albumin nanoparticles carrying beta cyclodextrin and two different beta cyclodextrin derivatives (hydroxypropyl beta cyclodextrin and sulphobutylether beta cyclodextrin), and Multifunctional liposomes, prepared using traditional excipients (cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine), partly enriched with α-tocopherol (Toc) and/or polyunsaturated fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid) (Ω3). Both nanosystems were characterized in terms of size, Zeta potential and encapsulation efficiency. Were also evaluated their functional properties such as mucoadhesion and permeability, using an ex-vivo assay based on nasal sheep mucosa. On Liposomes were also assessed drug neuronal uptake, cell toxicity, antioxidant and, cytoprotective activity in the human neuronal cell line SH-SY5Y and finally tocopherol trans-membrane diffusion. Both the nanocarriers produced presented excellent properties and a high potential as new systems for CNS-delivery of anti-Alzheimer drugs via the nasal route.

The aim of this thesis was the formulation of new chitosan based delivery systems for transmucosal drug administration. Transmucosal routes, such as buccal, vaginal and nasal routes, allow the circumvention of the hepatic first pass metabolism and avoid the gastrointestinal chemical and enzymatic degradations. Moreover, transmucosal drug administration can allow to avoid pain or discomfort caused by injections, when drugs are administered through parenteral routes, thus increasing patient compliance. On the other side, the major disadvantage of transmucosal drug administration is represented by the presence of biological fluids and mucus that can remove drug systems from the application site, thus reducing the contact time between drug and mucosa and consequently, decreasing drug bioavailability. For this reason, in this study, the investigation of chitosan delivery systems as mucoadhesive formulations able to increase drugs residence time and to improve their bioavailability, was taken into account. In the paper 1, buccal films based on chitosan-gelatin complexes were prepared and loaded with propranolol hydrochloride. The complexes were characterized and studied in order to evaluate their physical- chemical properties and their ability to release the drug and to allow its permeation through buccal mucosa. In the paper 2, vaginal inserts based on chitosan/alginate complexes were formulated for local delivery of chlorhexidine digluconate. Tests to evaluate the interaction between the polymers and to study drug release properties were performed, as well as the determination of antimicrobial activity against the patogens responsible of vaginitis and candidosis. In the project 3, chitosan based nanoparticles containing cyclodextrin and other excipients, with the capacity to modify insulin bioavailabity were formulated for insulin nasal delivery. Nanoparticles were characterized in terms of size, stability and drug release. Moreover, in vivo tests were performed in order to study the hypoglycemic reduction in rats blood samples.