The purpose of this study was to assess the differential effects of grammatical and telegraphic input on word learning and language productivity in children with expressive language delays. Two case studies are presented. In Study 1, the participant received focused stimulation treatment over eight sessions. Type of language input (i.e. telegraphic or grammatical) was alternated across sessions. In Study 2, the participant received focused stimulation treatment over 16 sessions divided into two eight-session phases. Language input was alternated across phases. Participant characteristics limited definitive conclusions regarding word learning. Productive language differences during treatment sessions were observed for both participants. Participant 1, who entered treatment with a larger vocabulary and spontaneous production of some word combinations, demonstrated a higher mean length of utterance in words (MLUw) in more of the sessions under the grammatical condition. Participant 2, who demonstrated severe deficits in speech intelligibility, imitated the clinician more often in the telegraphic sessions. Results support the need for improved systematic study of language input variables in treatment as well as the careful selection of language input protocols based on initial client abilities and treatment outcome goals. / text

Le milieu du XIXe siècle voit émerger un nouveau format d’écriture qui se répand rapidement dans les journaux : la dépêche télégraphique d’agence. Quel est cet objet inédit à l’apparence modeste mais qui pourrait bien avoir changé le journalisme ? Si les agences sont des acteurs économiques, qui entretiennent de surcroît des liens étroits avec le gouvernement, en Prusse comme en France, elles sont donc fort éloignées des idéaux journalistiques des hommes de presse du XVIIIe siècle. La dépêche télégraphique représente pourtant une manière d’écrire en journalisme qui peut être considérée comme novatrice et moderne. La dépêche télégraphique se situe à l’intersection de champs conflictuels, le politique, l’économie, le journalisme, et se développe dans un aller-retour entre l’international et le national, en tant qu’objet transculturel qui s’impose aux différents contextes culturels journalistiques. La conquête télégraphique de l’espace ainsi que l’accélération de la communication – sont les caractéristiques majeures du texte télégraphique. Pour cerner l’essence de la poétique télégraphique, nous explorons la relation singulière que les dépêches nouent entre les lieux et le temps sous différents angles, celui du territoire télégraphique et de la représentation de l’international, de l’imaginaire de la technique, ainsi que la circulation des informations agencières et de l’écriture en réseau. / In the mid-nineteenth century a new writing format emerged that quickly spread across the newspapers: the agencies’ telegraphic dispatch. What is this unprecedented, modest-looking object that would have such an impact on journalism? The news agencies are mainly economic actors whose sole purpose is the maximization of their profits, and who have close relationships with the governments in France and in Prussia. They are not even close to the journalistic ideals that were shared by eighteenth century media men. At the same time, the telegraphic dispatch represents a way of writing in journalism that can be considered as innovative and modern. The telegraphic dispatch is at the intersection of conflicting fields – politics, economics and journalism – and develops between the international and the national level, as a cross-cultural object that imposes itself on different journalistic cultural contexts. The telegraphic conquest of space as well as the acceleration of communication are the major features of the telegraphic text. The three parts of this thesis – writing the international, imagining the telegraph, organizing the network – discuss this relation between place and time from different perspectives. To approach the essence of the telegraphic poetics, we examine the dispatches from different angles: the telegraphic territory and the representation of what is supposed to be “international”, the imaginary of technology and the human’s interaction with it, as well as the circulation of the information and the writing procedures within the agencies’ network.

The master’s thesis deals with the noise diagnostic in the solar cells. Describes the main kinds of noises. The samples were quality and reliability screened using noise reliability indicators. The samples were surveyed by measuring the I-V characteristics, the noise spectral density as a function of forward voltage and frequency. It was calculated the noise spectral density as a function of forward current.