Cílem práce je posoudit finanční zdraví společnosti Euro RSCG, a. s. s důrazem na charakteristiky reklamního odvětví. První část práce se věnuje popisu reklamního odvětví a blíže jsou popsány pojmy reklama, komunikační proces, subjekty reklamního trhu. Samotatná kapitola je věnována popisu reklamních médií a mediálním ukazatelům. V další část je zaměřená na společnost Euro RSCG, a. s. Další část obsahuje finanční analýzu vybrané společnosti.

Thesis (MMus (Music))--University of Stellenbosch, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study is to explore parallels between ‘The New Approach to violin playing’, which was developed by the Hungarian violinist Kató Havas, and the Alexander Technique, a method known for promoting kinaesthetic awareness and mind-body coordination. The specific objectives of the study are to identify the parallels between the two methods, and to obtain a deeper understanding of the New Approach, by using the Alexander Technique as a construct through which to examine the method. The study aims to illuminate some of the reasons for the reported efficacy of the New Approach, and to point the way towards achieving unity of mind and body in an expressive violin technique. Although the Alexander Technique is widely used and applied by musicians in order to improve their performance, problems are sometimes encountered in applying the Technique to the finer aspects of instrumental technique. A method of violin tuition that incorporates principles and procedures similar to those found in the Alexander Technique could bridge this gap and prove to be a very powerful tool in coordinating mind and movement in violin playing. It is the purpose of this study to show that ‘The New Approach to violin playing’ is such a method, and as such deserves to be more widely known. The research was conducted within a qualitative paradigm, using a multimethodological approach. An extensive comparative literature study of the two methods was combined with practical experience gained through regular Alexander lessons, and participation in New Approach lessons with Kató Havas and her personal representative, Gloria Bakhshayesh. The New Approach, like the Alexander Technique, is essentially a search for awareness, especially in the relationship between the player and the instrument. The particular value of the New Approach lies in the fact that Havas combines her expert knowledge of violin technique with an intuitive understanding of the conditions necessary for the optimal psychophysical functioning of the violinist. Through organising these principles into a systematised method, Havas makes the acquisition of an expressive technique more accessible to all. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie studie is om ooreenkomste te ondersoek tussen ‘The New Approach to violin playing’ van die Hongaarse violiste, Kató Havas, en die Alexander-tegniek, ’n metode bekend daarvoor om kinestetiese bewustheid en geestelik-liggaamlike koordinasie te verhoog. Die spesifieke doel van die studie is om ooreenkomste tussen bogenoemde werkwyses te identifiseer, en om ’n beter begrip van die ‘New Approach’ te vekry, deur die Alexander-tegniek as ’n raamwerk te gebruik waardeur die metode bestudeer word. Die studie poog om sekere motiverings vir die effektiwiteit van die ‘New Approach’ uit te lig, en om die weg te wys na die verwesenliking van geestelik-fisieke eenheid in ’n ekspressiewe viooltegniek. Alhoewel die Alexander-tegniek dikwels deur uitvoerende musici gebruik word om hul spelvermoë te verbeter, word probleme soms ondervind in die toepassing van die tegniek op die fyner aspekte van instrumentale spel. ’n Metode van vioolonderrig wat beginsels en prosesse soortgelyk aan díé van die Alexander-tegniek insluit, sou hierdie probleem kon oorkom en as kragtige middel kon dien vir die koördinasie van denke en ligaamlike beweging in vioolspel. Hierdie studie poog om te illustreer dat die ‘New Approach’ hierdie kwaliteite het, en as sulks meer blootstelling aan vioolonderwysers verdien. In hierdie ondersoek is gebruik gemaak van ’n multi-metodologiese benadering binne ’n kwalitatiewe navorsingsparadigma. ’n Vergelykende literatuurstudie van die Alexander-tegniek en ‘The New Approach to violin playing’ is gekombineer met praktiese ervaring wat vekry is deur middel van gereelde Alexander lesse, asook deelname aan ‘New Approach’ lesse met Kató Havas en haar persoonlike verteenwoordiger, Gloria Bakhshayesh. Die ‘New Approach’ – net soos die Alexander-tegniek – is in wese ’n soeke na bewustheid, veral in die interaksie tussen die violis en die instrument. Die besondere waarde van die ‘New Approach’ is dat Havas haar gesaghebbende kennis van viooltegniek gekombineer het met ’n intuïtiewe begrip vir die optimale psigofisiese funksionering van die violis. Deur hierdie beginsels in ’n sistematiese metode te orden, skep Havas die moontlikheid om ’n ekspressiewe viooltegniek aan almal beskikbaar te stel.

Abstract: To the history of development of violin pedagogy, the 20th century is a golden age. With the succession and development by various great educators and virtuosos, and through the matured influence by the whole educational realm and environment, many different points of view, theoretic pedagogical systems and pedagogical schools began to appear. Both ¡§Talent Education¡¨ proposed by Shinichi Suzuki(1898-1998) and the pedagogy of ¡§Mental¡VPhysical Theory¡¨ mentioned by Kato Havas(1920- ) belong to one of the main violin pedagogical schools developed in recent years. Today in the field of violin teaching, although various schools have their own space for development, there are many different background factors among them. For example, Suzuki¡¦s pedagogy was influenced by the Eastern and Western cultures, whereas Havas¡¦ pedagogy completely inherited the Western teaching ideas; the vocabulary concept in the linguistics system was employed by Suzuki¡¦s pedagogy as its foundation, whereas Havas¡¦ pedagogy absorbed the theories of psychology as the basis of its pedagogical studies; Suzuki¡¦s pedagogy emphasized teaching materials, environment and the external, reasonable and appropriate succession of experience, whereas Havas¡¦ pedagogy emphasizes the search for the nature of playing action and the coordinating development of physical and mental. Since these cultural and educational backgrounds are different, the teaching principles of these two pedagogies are very different. In view of this, this research paper is divided into seven chapters for detailed studies and analyses, and comparisons are made between the philosophical foundations, teaching ideas, teaching strategies and means of these two pedagogies in order to present the characteristics of these two pedagogies developed under different background factors, and also show the similarities and dissimilarities between them. After detailed comparisons and analyses, we can understand that these two pedagogies are very much different in various aspects. Suzuki¡¦s pedagogy emphasizes the learning development of children. From many places of teaching it appears to have been influenced by the traditional German school. But Havas¡¦ pedagogy focuses on the realm of playing action. Hitherto the ¡§Mental-Physical Theory¡¨ mentioned by her is still a very new pedagogy. From the analytical description of these comparisons, we can understand that although there is a certain extent of difference between them, they perhaps can adopt some parts of the other pedagogy, and supplement the insufficiency of each other so as to achieve better teaching qualities.

Le milieu du XIXe siècle voit émerger un nouveau format d’écriture qui se répand rapidement dans les journaux : la dépêche télégraphique d’agence. Quel est cet objet inédit à l’apparence modeste mais qui pourrait bien avoir changé le journalisme ? Si les agences sont des acteurs économiques, qui entretiennent de surcroît des liens étroits avec le gouvernement, en Prusse comme en France, elles sont donc fort éloignées des idéaux journalistiques des hommes de presse du XVIIIe siècle. La dépêche télégraphique représente pourtant une manière d’écrire en journalisme qui peut être considérée comme novatrice et moderne. La dépêche télégraphique se situe à l’intersection de champs conflictuels, le politique, l’économie, le journalisme, et se développe dans un aller-retour entre l’international et le national, en tant qu’objet transculturel qui s’impose aux différents contextes culturels journalistiques. La conquête télégraphique de l’espace ainsi que l’accélération de la communication – sont les caractéristiques majeures du texte télégraphique. Pour cerner l’essence de la poétique télégraphique, nous explorons la relation singulière que les dépêches nouent entre les lieux et le temps sous différents angles, celui du territoire télégraphique et de la représentation de l’international, de l’imaginaire de la technique, ainsi que la circulation des informations agencières et de l’écriture en réseau. / In the mid-nineteenth century a new writing format emerged that quickly spread across the newspapers: the agencies’ telegraphic dispatch. What is this unprecedented, modest-looking object that would have such an impact on journalism? The news agencies are mainly economic actors whose sole purpose is the maximization of their profits, and who have close relationships with the governments in France and in Prussia. They are not even close to the journalistic ideals that were shared by eighteenth century media men. At the same time, the telegraphic dispatch represents a way of writing in journalism that can be considered as innovative and modern. The telegraphic dispatch is at the intersection of conflicting fields – politics, economics and journalism – and develops between the international and the national level, as a cross-cultural object that imposes itself on different journalistic cultural contexts. The telegraphic conquest of space as well as the acceleration of communication are the major features of the telegraphic text. The three parts of this thesis – writing the international, imagining the telegraph, organizing the network – discuss this relation between place and time from different perspectives. To approach the essence of the telegraphic poetics, we examine the dispatches from different angles: the telegraphic territory and the representation of what is supposed to be “international”, the imaginary of technology and the human’s interaction with it, as well as the circulation of the information and the writing procedures within the agencies’ network.

This thesis includes twenty landscape paintings, primarily oil on canvas, inspired by a trip to the Hell's Canyon Country of the Snake River. The search for a personal idiom necessitated introspection, and the visual interpretation of the recalled experience required that formal issues of painting be synthesized to communicate the essential response to the landscape. The images progress from the depiction of deep space to compositions of the component parts of the landscape: trees, water, and rock.

The process of coset enumeration has become a significant factor in group theoretical investigations since the advent of modern computing power, but in some respects the process is still not well understood. This thesis investigates some features of coset enumeration, working mainly with the group F(2,7). Chapter 1 describes the characteristics of coset enumeration and algorithms used for it. A worked example of the method is provided. Chapter 2 discusses some features which would be desirable in computer programs for use in investigating the coset enumeration process itself, and reviews the Havas/Alford program which to date best meets the requirements. Chapter 3 deals with the use of coset ammeration in proofs, either in its own right or as a basis for other workings. An example of one attempt to obtain a proof by coset enumeration is given. Chapter 4 reviews techniques designed to reduce the length of coset enumerations and proposes the 'equality list' technique as a way to reduce enumeration length for some groups. Extra insights obtainable using the equality list method are also discussed. Chapter 5 summarises the factors by which the success of different coset enumerations can be compared and proposes an algorithm for making systematic comparisons among enumerations. Chapter 6 reports five coset enumerations, obtained manually by three main methods on the group F(2,7). All these enumerations were shorter than is so far obtainable by machine and one is shorter than other known hand enumerations. The enumerations were compared by applying the process developed in Chapter 5. Chapter 7 presents a shorter proof of the cyclicity of the group F(2,7) than was hitherto available. The proof derives from the workings for one of the coset enumerations described in Chapter 6. There are eight appendices and an annotated bibliography. The appendices contain, inter alia, edited correspondence between well-known coset-enumerators, a guide to the Havas/Alford program, further details on the equality list method and listings of various enumerations.

The thesis titled "French News Agency AFP - the Agency with Special Statutes" deals with the world agency AFP and its public statutes. The news agency is defined on the most general base and there is described the history of the first news agency Havas which is followed by AFP. The author is also interested in foundation of AFP and its transformation into the public institution. The thesis deals with reporting tasks, financial sources, composition and competence of the inspecting authority and statutory authority of Agence France-Presse and Czech News Agency. The content of the work is comparison of agencies above. In the final chapter the author reminds the attempt to change the special statutes of AFP.