Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:40:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silvia Cristina Marra.pdf: 1005908 bytes, checksum: 2ebe6bc20231ff49649e9240b18da607 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-03-13 / The objective of the present study is to verify the telling tales as a strategy to language stimulation of children with brain paralysis and mental disabilities, in fonoaudiological practice. This study includes a review of the concepts of stories, tales, telling tales, types of narrative, language, brain paralysis and mental disabilities. It describes the telling tales attending process of 4 children, 2 male and 2 female, age from 4 to 5 years, with brain paralysis and mental disabilities, from the Fonoaudiological Mental Dificiency Outpatient of Casas Andre Luiz, during five months. These children were in the company of their mothers. The meetings were recorded and the data were analysed regarding the recorded meetings, the registered observations and the answers to the two questionaires applied to the mothers. The first one was applied in the begining of the study with questions about themselves and the second one was applied in the end of the study with questions about their children. The results showed that the stimulation of language in children with disabilities can be done using the telling tales, regarding the subjects needs. The results also show an improvement in social interactions, in attention, in memory and in vocalization. / Este estudo objetivou verificar a possibilidade de utilizar a contação de histórias como estratégia de estimulação de linguagem, de crianças com paralisia cerebral e deficiência mental, na atuação fonoaudiológica. Inclui a fundamentação desta dissertação revisão teórica sobre as concepções de histórias, fábulas, contação de histórias, narrativa presente na formação do homem, concepção de linguagem, paralisia cerebral e deficiência mental. Descreve o contexto de atendimento a quatro crianças entre 4 e 5 anos, duas do sexo feminino e duas do sexo masculino, com paralisia cerebral e deficiência mental, acompanhadas de suas mães, durante cinco meses em oito encontros quinzenais para contação de histórias, previamente adaptadas e moldadas às necessidades específicas destas crianças atendidas no setor de Fonoaudiologia do Ambulatório de Deficiência Mental das Casas André Luiz. A coleta e os registros de dados foram realizados por meio da filmagem dos encontros, com observações anotadas no momento da contação e complementados pelas respostas das mães a dois questionários, um inicial referente a elas e outro final referente aos seus filhos. A análise dos dados, realizada confrontando expectativas familiares iniciais com constatações finais e recortes de episódios dos atendimentos, mostrou que a estimulação da linguagem de crianças deficientes pode ser feita através da contação de histórias, desde que haja algumas adaptações e modificações com base nas necessidades dos sujeitos. Os resultados apontam para uma melhora na interação social, na intenção comunicativa, na atenção, memória e vocalização.

This study investigates the everyday practices of young children acting in their social worlds within the context of the school playground. It employs an ethnographic ethnomethodological approach using conversation analysis. In the context of child participation rights advanced by the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) and childhood studies, the study considers children’s social worlds and their participation agendas. The participants of the study were a group of young children in a preparatory year setting in a Queensland school. These children, aged 4 to 6 years, were videorecorded as they participated in their day-to-day activities in the classroom and in the playground. Data collection took place over a period of three months, with a total of 26 hours of video data. Episodes of the video-recordings were shown to small groups of children and to the teacher to stimulate conversations about what they saw on the video. The conversations were audio-recorded. This method acknowledged the child’s standpoint and positioned children as active participants in accounting for their relationships with others. These accounts are discussed as interactionally built comments on past joint experiences and provided a starting place for analysis of the video-recorded interaction. Four data chapters are presented in this thesis. Each data chapter investigates a different topic of interaction. The topics include how children use “telling” as a tactical tool in the management of interactional trouble, how children use their “ideas” as possessables to gain ownership of a game and the interactional matters that follow, how children account for interactional matters and bid for ownership of “whose idea” for the game and finally, how a small group of girls orientated to a particular code of conduct when accounting for their actions in a pretend game of “school”. Four key themes emerged from the analysis. The first theme addresses two arenas of action operating in the social world of children, pretend and real: the “pretend”, as a player in a pretend game, and the “real”, as a classroom member. These two arenas are intertwined. Through inferences to explicit and implicit “codes of conduct”, moral obligations are invoked as children attempt to socially exclude one another, build alliances and enforce their own social positions. The second theme is the notion of shared history. This theme addresses the history that the children reconstructed, and acts as a thread that weaves through their interactions, with implications for present and future relationships. The third theme is around ownership. In a shared context, such as the playground, ownership is a highly contested issue. Children draw on resources such as rules, their ideas as possessables, and codes of behaviour as devices to construct particular social and moral orders around owners of the game. These themes have consequences for children’s participation in a social group. The fourth theme, methodological in nature, shows how the researcher was viewed as an outsider and novice and was used as a resource by the children. This theme is used to inform adult-child relationships. The study was situated within an interest in participation rights for children and perspectives of children as competent beings. Asking children to account for their participation in playground activities situates children as analysers of their own social worlds and offers adults further information for understanding how children themselves construct their social interactions. While reporting on the experiences of one group of children, this study opens up theoretical questions about children’s social orders and these influences on their everyday practices. This thesis uncovers how children both participate in, and shape, their everyday social worlds through talk and interaction. It investigates the consequences that taken-for-granted activities of “playing the game” have for their social participation in the wider culture of the classroom. Consideration of this significance may assist adults to better understand and appreciate the social worlds of young children in the school playground.