The variation of Arginine kinase (Ark) genotype frequency among populations of Thais clavigera has been reported in previous study. However, the difference which is originated from self-seeding or differential selection after recruitment is not understood. To answer this question, the spatial (i.e. Shainsan, Taisi, Budai, and Chiku) and temporal (sell length: <15mm, 15-20mm, 20-30mm, 30-40mm, and >40mm; year: 2001 and 2003) variations of Ark allozyme were examined by starch gel electrophoresis. There was no significant difference in the ratio of Ark genotypes (ark63/63, ark63/100, ark100/100) in the size range of <15mm among Shainsan, Taisi and Chiku. The result indicated that the populations of T. clavigera is from the same recruitment. In the size range of 15-20mm, the frequency of ark63/63 increased from southern to northern populations, i.e. 0.21(Chiku) < 0.33(Budai) < 0.60(Taisi) < 0.66(Shainsan), respectively. It is proposed that the variation of Ark genotypes among populations is resulting from stress of temperature or dessication. A significant difference in the ratio of Ark genotypes was found in the population of Taisi with the size range of 30-40mm. Besides, the frequency of Ark genotypes among populations was not related to the degree of imposex.

This study aimed at providing a thorough understanding of temporal and spatial variations of VOCs and underlying factors in different microenvironments in two different urban atmospheres, with different degrees of regulatory enforcement. The VOC data were collected in field campaigns conducted in Ankara, Turkey, and Ottawa, Canada over the years 2000-2004. Insight into the sources of VOCs in different urban atmospheres was sought by using three commonly used receptor models namely / Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF), Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) Model and Conventional Factor Analysis (CFA). Motor vehicle related source profiles were developed to use in receptor modeling. Motor vehicles are the most abundant VOC sources with about 60% and 95% contributions to ambient levels in Ankara and Ottawa, respectively. Residential heating (31%) during winter season, biogenic (9%) and architectural coating (12%) emissions during summer season and solvent use (about 12%) emissions are the next abundant VOC sources in Ankara. In addition, a new method to estimate the contribution of sources from wind sectors in urban atmosphere was developed and implemented in this study. The comparison of the results of these two cities demonstrated the influence of control measures on ambient levels and sources of VOCs observed in different urban atmospheres. VOC levels in Ankara exceed EU levels and they are about factor of two higher than that are measured in Ottawa owing to lack of implementation of emission control regulations for VOCs in Ankara compared to well adopted regulations in Ottawa.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第19032号 / 農博第2110号 / 新制||農||1031(附属図書館) / 学位論文||H27||N4914(農学部図書室) / 31983 / 京都大学大学院農学研究科地域環境科学専攻 / (主査)教授 谷 誠, 教授 北山 兼弘, 教授 本田 与一 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DGAM