Fluorinated chemicals have the advantage of both lipophobic and hydrophobic behaviour, leading to broad industrial and commercial use. Fluorosurfactants, for example, are used in applications, such as grease-proofing food packaging, which result in human exposure. Human blood serum, in this work 100 German serum samples dating from 1982 to 2009, is a common matrix for detection of fluorochemicals. Here the most extensive temporal study to date of one class of fluorosurfactant (polyfluoroalkyl phosphate diesters, diPAPs) in human serum is presented. Additionally, another class of fluorosurfactant (sulfonamide-based PAPs, SAmPAPs) was detected in humans for the first time with temporal trends which echo industrial production. Metabolites of diPAPs and SAmPAPs were also quantified, showing temporal trends that relate to the diPAP and SAmPAP levels. Because diPAP and SAmPAP metabolites are environmentally persistent and raise human health concerns, it is important to understand these indirect sources of exposure.

Fluorinated chemicals have the advantage of both lipophobic and hydrophobic behaviour, leading to broad industrial and commercial use. Fluorosurfactants, for example, are used in applications, such as grease-proofing food packaging, which result in human exposure. Human blood serum, in this work 100 German serum samples dating from 1982 to 2009, is a common matrix for detection of fluorochemicals. Here the most extensive temporal study to date of one class of fluorosurfactant (polyfluoroalkyl phosphate diesters, diPAPs) in human serum is presented. Additionally, another class of fluorosurfactant (sulfonamide-based PAPs, SAmPAPs) was detected in humans for the first time with temporal trends which echo industrial production. Metabolites of diPAPs and SAmPAPs were also quantified, showing temporal trends that relate to the diPAP and SAmPAP levels. Because diPAP and SAmPAP metabolites are environmentally persistent and raise human health concerns, it is important to understand these indirect sources of exposure.