Monthly sampling of 71 laboratory nests, each with a pair of adults, revealed that eggs and first-instar larvae were observed in the third month, minor workers in the fourth month and minor soldiers in the seventh month. Mortality of the pairs was high, with only five pairs surviving over the 10 month period. Laboratory nests did not develop further than the copularium. Excavation of 30 nests, of differing sizes, revealed that five were juvenile nests, consisting of only thin shelving with a few flattened fungus combs scattered throughout, and all, even the youngest nest (3 to 5 years), had a small mound. The queens from these young nests were small and had white pleural and intersegmental membranes. Twenty mature nests had a medium to large mound with large air passages and a medium to large hive with a well defined fungus garden containing large fungus combs. The queens from these nests were medium- to large sized, with white to brown pleural and intersegmental membranes. The remaining five nests had mounds often covered with grass, and a hive that contained less fungus comb than expected. The mounds of these nests were classified using their sandy pediment or crumbly texture. These were senescent or declining nests. The queens had pale brown pleural membranes and brown intersegmental membranes, and were often flaccid. The royal cell was commonly found in the middle to upper part of the nursery (20 nests), but sometimes was found at the edge of the nursery (five nests). The royal cells of five nests were not found or had been destroyed during excavation. The "youngest" mound was one to two years old and the "oldest" was more than 25 years old. The youngest queen was estimated to be three to five years old and the oldest queen more than 27 years. The nest seems to remain subterranean for two or less years before producing a mound. Thirteen nests were vigorous and five declining. The remaining 12 nests could not be classified as no fungus comb was collected from the nests. / Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 1997.

LD2668 .T4 1941 M31 / Master of Science

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1942 R62 / Master of Science

8 pp. / Mosquitoes, Scorpions; Revised / In nature, termites function as decomposers that breakdown dead wood that accumulates in and on the soil. The beneficial products of this breakdown process are returned to the soil as humus. Drywood and subterranean termites are the most destructive insect pests of wood, causing more than $1.7 billion in damages and cost of control each year in the U.S. alone. Their presence in structures is seldom noticed until damage is discovered or the termites swarm within the building. Drywood termites are found in the southern tier of states, from North Carolina through the Gulf Coast, Arizona and into the coastal areas of California.

Feeding preferences of Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki were evaluated on 60 field-collected pecan Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh) cultivars. The Moneymaker cultivar of C. illinoinensis was most preferred by C. formosanus, and the degree of feeding on this cultivar was significantly different (P < 0.05) from all other cultivars tested. Creek was the least preferred cultivar, but the degree of feeding was not significantly different from other cultivars. There was a trend for lower consumption by C. formosanus on commercially versus native cultivars. In a multiple-choice test, the Desirable pecan cultivar, was significantly (P less than 0.05) more preferred than southern yellow pine (Pinus palustris), chinaberry (Melia azedarach), and the pecan cultivar, Barton, respectively. The significance is that Formosan termites fed on both pecan cultivars and southern yellow pine which is a commercially important wood. They also fed on chinaberry, which is a commonly used tree in landscape. Coptotermes formosanus were significantly (P less than 0.05) more attracted to green leaf material from the Creek cultivar as compared to the other 50 cultivars tested. However, the Creek cultivar was the least preferred in the consumption test. This suggested that Formosan termites may be attracted to pecan trees and chemicals associated with the wood. It is evident that Formosan termites feed on various types of pecans in agro-ecosystems, this may be attributed to leaf characteristics as well as other factors such as random foraging and swarming behavior. These results further demonstrate that pecan cultivars are at risk to C. formosanus feeding.

In one study described herein, 20 privately owned structures were treated with a 0.05% application of imidacloprid (Premise 75 WSP) in order to control infestations of subterranean termites. All applications were made at 15 L per 3.05 linear m per 0.30 m of depth. Ten structures were infested with Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) and ten structures were infested with Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki. All structures were inspected through 42 months post-treatment. Only one structure infested with R. flavipes required post-treatment action. Six structures infested with C. formosanus required post-treatment action. In another study, efficacy data were gathered on Premise Granules when broadcast over an open field and when utilized as a "spot treatment" for control of subterranean termites infesting structures. Open field grids with active R. flavipes were utilized in this study. Grids measuring 8.53 m x 7.32 m were marked off, in-ground commercial termite monitors were installed, and grids were treated with Premise Granules. Untreated southern yellow pine surface boards were then placed in grids to determine if Premise Granules would suppress foraging and feeding on surface boards. Premise Granules did suppress surface feeding of R. flavipes for 9 months post-treatment, although termites were active throughout the study in in-ground commercial termite monitors within treated grids. In a third study, 10 structures built on monolithic slabs, five received a "spot treatment" with Premise Granules at points of subterranean termite infestation 0.61 m either side of active exterior subterranean termite mud tubes. Structures were inspected through 12 mo post-treatment. Suppression of R. flavipes was sustained for 8 wks in all treatment replications following application of granules, with failures at 8, 12, and 28 weeks post-treatment. A laboratory trial was initiated to simulate field treatments with Premise 75 WP 0.10 % AI imidacloprid for treatments of structures. The focus of this research was to investigate the dissipation and translocation of imidacloprid in urban environments. Treated sandy loam soil was added to 19-L buckets. Four different plant species commonly found in urban environments were planted in buckets. Results in these trials indicate that imidacloprid was soluble and that there is leaching.

Thèse de doctorat : Sciences de la vie et de la santé : Paris 12 : 2003. / Thèse électronique uniquement consultable au sein de l'Université Paris 12 (Intranet). Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2009. / Title from title screen (site viewed October 15, 2009). PDF text: xii, 210 p. : ill. ; 1.21 Mb. UMI publication number: AAT 3359065. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in microfilm and microfiche formats.

No description available.

Typescript. / Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii, 1960. / Bibliography: leaves 216-224. / viii, 224 l illus., diagrs., tables