The thesis deals with abrasive wear of thermoplastics in waste processing equipment. The work describes properties of thermoplastics and abrasion. The extent of abrasion was determined using a unique research equipment called an abrazimeter. Part of the thesis assignment was also the design and construction of the measurement device. The experimental procedures of the thesis describe the measurement and analysis of an abrasive wear of selected materials, i.e., steel 11 373 and polyethylene UHMW from concrete-recycled material. The acquired data were continuously used for optimization of the methodological set up. The aim of this approach was to reproduce the conditions of the real operation. The weight loss of the UHMW polyethylene after 100 hours of operation was twice as high as that of steel 11 373. The measured data were evaluated and statistically processed. The output this thesis may serve as a basis for the further research.