The purpose of this study was to investigate the repeat reliability and internal consistency under short-term conditions of several indices of agression and anxiety as measured by the TAT. In view of the variations in the results reported in the few studies concerned with this problem, a specificity hypothesis was suggested. This hypothesis states that no general evaluation can be made of the temporal and internal stability of the TAT. Such statements probably only have meaning in terms of specific variables. The variables employed in the present study were aggression and anxiety and the results should not be generalized beyond these variables. One group of subjects was given standard TAT instructions at two successive administrations, while a second group was asked to tell a different story to each card. This procedure was designed to control and study the influence of memory effects. It was found that memory effects are very strong, and where the instructions interfere with their operation, repeat reliability coefficients are very low. The TAT cards included two high, two medium and two low aggressive content cards, as determined by a panel of judges and from previous research. The purpose of this part of the study was to determine if the reliability of the test varies with the level of card ambiguity for a given drive. The results did not support the hypothesis that responses to stimuli which are unambiguous for a given drive are more likely to be stable over time than responses made to a relatively ambiguous stimulus. The internal consistency was evaluated by correlating the scores obtained on the first session by all subjects in terms of the level of ambiguity. These correlations were quite low, indicating the need for caution in using an additive treatment of scores from different TAT cards. / Arts, Faculty of / Psychology, Department of / Graduate

The primary purpose of this study was to formulate critical categories to adequately reflect the categorization or perceptual reactions of normal individuals to the picture stimuli of the cards of the Thematic Apperception Test. An additional problem investigated was the comparison of the categorization reactions obtained from a "normal" sample in this investigation with those obtained from a "disturbed" sample in a parallel research conducted by Long (I960). In order to form the critical categories and to compare the perceptual reactions of the "normal" group with those of the "disturbed" group, categorization reactions to twenty-six cards of the TAT were obtained from forty-Vancouver Vocational Institute students. Following the empirical development of the categories, a comparison of the differences in frequency count of the categorization reactions of the two groups was explored utilizing a chi square statistic. A total of two hundred and sixteen categories were obtained for the twenty-six cards. In a comparison of the frequency distribution of the categorization reactions for the "normal" and "disturbed" groups, insignificant differences were found on one hundred and ninety-seven categories suggesting that the perceptual reactions of the two groups do not vary greatly. However, compared with the "normal" group, the "disturbed" group showed a marked tendency for restricted transcendent production as indicated by a majority of "disturbed" persons giving purely descriptive responses on twenty-four of the twenty-six cards. This difference was found to be significant on eight of the cards. An additional, comparison was made, employing a chi square statistic, of the differences between the two groups in the frequency distribution of subjects giving nil-single or multiple perceptual responses. On twenty-five of the cards, more "normals" than "disturbed" subjects gave multiple responses. This variance was found to be statistically significant on nine of the cards. Nineteen of the two hundred and sixteen categories were found to produce statistically significant differences in the frequency distribution between the two samples. The "Description" category accounted for eight of these differences and various transcendent categories accounted for the remaining eleven. Fourteen cards produced one or more categories showing a reliable variation in distribution between the "normal" and "disturbed" groups. Of this number, eleven cards showed significant differences in one category, one card in two categories and two cards in three categories. / Arts, Faculty of / Psychology, Department of / Graduate

This study deals with the initial stage of a programme of research investigating the nature of the stimulus factors in the Thematic Apperception Test. The primary function of the study was to categorize perceptual reactions to the TAT cards. A secondary aim was to compare the perceptual responses obtained from an abnormal group with those produced by a normal group in a parallel study. Descriptions of twenty-six of the TAT cards were obtained from forty mental hospital patients. From these protocols and those of forty normal subjects, empirically derived perceptual categories were developed. The perceptual responses were then assigned to these critical categories. Several reliability studies were carried out and a number of rules governing the assignment of the responses to the categories was developed. An inter-judge reliability of 91 per cent agreement was obtained. A frequency count was then made for both the normal and abnormal groups and Chi squares were computed in order to determine whether any differences existed between the groups in the frequency of response for each category. The number of percepts contained in each response was also counted and the two groups were then statistically compared on the basis of the number of single percept responses to each card. From a total of 216 categories, 16 significant differences were found. The cards in which these differences appeared were: 1, 2, 5, 6BM, 7BM, 8BM, 9GF, 12BG,14, 15, 17GF, 19 and 20. In eight of these cards the abnormal group produced a larger number of responses in the descriptive category than the normal group. The two groups differed slightly regarding the number of percepts contained in each response. All but one of the cards elicited more single percept responses from the abnormal group than from the normal one. Nine of the cards showed statistically significant differences between the number of abnormal and normal subjects giving single percept responses. By means of the statistical comparison, it was shown that the perceptual reactions of the normal and abnormal subjects were essentially the same; certain differences, however, between the perceptual responses of the normal and abnormal groups, were suggested. The study established that reliable perceptual categories could be developed and perceptual responses successfully categorized. / Arts, Faculty of / Psychology, Department of / Graduate

The purpose of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that stimulus deprivation leads to anxiety which, in turn, causes cognitive behavior to become impaired and disorganized. This hypothesis, which is derived from a model recently developed by Kenny (1959), assumes that anxiety produces a disruption in a person's schema (imaginative trains or sequences of thought) causing his schemata to be more constrictive and his cognitive functions, therefore, more disorganized. In addition, it is predicted that, as TAT pictures become more drive-structured (and, therefore, less ambiguous), anxiety will constrict the schemata of strong drive subjects, and the richness of their stories for a given drive should consequently decrease. In this study twenty female subjects in an experimental group were completely deprived of pattern vision and audio and tactual stimulation was partially eliminated. At the end of a twenty minute accommodation period members of both the experimental and the control groups were asked to tell stories around descriptions of six TAT cards which were arranged into three groups according to the amount of aggression found in each description (i.e. low, medium and high in aggressive content). The anxiety aroused by the experimental conditions was expected to be manifested in the stories of the experimental group. These stories would show greater disorganization, conflict and stereotypy than those given by a control group. Subjects in the experimental group would also introduce more aggression in stories given in response to medium aggressive cards, less aggression on high aggressive cards and the same amount as the control group in response to low aggressive cards. In addition, they would rate themselves higher on an anxiety questionnaire than would the subjects in the control group. Since eight out of fifteen predictions were borne out by the analysis, the results are interpreted as being partially in support of Kenny's model - that is, since experimental subjects rated themselves higher on the anxiety questionnaire, and introduced more aggression in their stories to the medium aggressive descriptions, it is believed that the condition of stimulus deprivation was successful in producing anxiety, which, in turn, caused a disruption in cognitive functioning. This disruption was witnessed in the organization and presentation of the stories given by the subjects in the experimental group. / Arts, Faculty of / Psychology, Department of / Graduate

An investigation was undertaken to determine whether or not projection and identification occur when a subject responds to stimuli suggesting human figures. It was assumed that if identification were operative there would be a tendency to see an equivocal stimulus figure as a member of the subject's own sex. It was felt also that if projection occurs, subjects would ascribe feelings and motivations to figures which were ambiguous in these respects. A secondary aim contingent upon the demonstration of projection and identification mechanisms was the construction of a device which might be developed as a personality test. Two sets of twenty line drawings (the M-B cards) were made up to be used as a research instrument. The First Series contained single human figures and the Second Series two human figures in various positions. These drawings were intended to be ambiguous as to sex and movement, being less structured than the Thematic Apperception Test cards and more structured than the Rorschach cards. Subjects were asked to identify the sex of the figures and to say "what they are doing." The two sets of pictures were administered to 216 normal adults selected for sex, age and educational level. Responses given to the First Series were analysed as to communality and as to sex and emotion ascribed to the figures. Responses to the Second Series were analysed as to sex ascribed the two figures, indication of conflict and "popularity". Statistical comparisons were made of the performances of men and women, of grade nine subjects with university graduates, and of those aged 20 to 30 with subjects 40 to 50. Identification was not demonstrated. This might have been due to a weighting of the cards in the direction of maleness or to the rigidity of the instructions. Considerable variation was found with respect to projection of emotions into the figures of the First Series. Individual cards also showed great variation as to frequency with which they elicited an emotional response. It is suggested that these differences might have diagnostic value. In the Second Series men gave more "conflict" responses than did women. It is suggested that this might indicate differences in attitude toward aggression and hostility between the two groups. Certain cards in this series gave more conflict responses than other cards. A "popular"' response to a card was defined as one which occurred at least six times. It was found that both cards and subjects differed in the extent to which they elicited or gave popular responses. It was felt that these results might indicate differences in associational processes or in conventionality and spontaneity. The M-B cards appeared to meet two criteria of a useful projective test. They revealed individual differences between subjects and they permitted of an objective scoring system which served to identify these differences. With reference to future research it is suggested that the cards be redesigned to make them neutral with respect to sex and that the instructions be modified to allow freer expression on the part of the subject. / Arts, Faculty of / Psychology, Department of / Graduate

A static cone penetrometer was modified to incorporate a small diameter triaxial geophone package. This instrument was evaluated by obtaining downhole shear wave velocity profiles at selected research sites on the Fraser River Delta near Vancouver B.C. for the purpose of determining in-situ dynamic shear moduli. A second geophone package was added to the instrument to assess the accuracy of shear wave velocity measurements, and to determine a practical instrument configuration for routine field use. Shear wave characteristics, downhole velocities, signal repeatability and signal amplitude were studied, to evaluate the energy source and downhole receiver response, and to develop a rational testing procedure. Plank type signal sources were used exclusively and were found to be both satisfactory and convenient. Geophone response and receiver to soil coupling were excellent and identifiable shear waves were obtained to depths of 40 metres. Down rod signal transmission, signal repeatability and problems with high background noise levels were overcome by selective testing procedures and interpretation techniques. The results of this study indicate that a static cone penetrometer containing just a single geophone can provide a rapid and accurate method for carrying out a downhole shear wave velocity survey. The cone testing procedure allows superior shear wave records since it minimizes soil disturbance, provides excellent soil to receiver coupling and controlled receiver orientation. Combined with data from the cone bearing, friction and pore pressure measurement elements, the interpretation of in-situ static and dynamic soil properties, using a single test hole, is greatly enhanced. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Civil Engineering, Department of / Graduate

M.A. (Psychology) / Please refer to full text to view abstract

The purpose of the present study was to determine the differences in certain Rorschach Test variables obtained from normal, mildly retarded, and moderately retarded boys and girls.

The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between an individual's performance on the Rorschach Ink Blot Test and his degree of social acceptance as revealed by a test of sociometry.

La Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC) fue sede de la segunda edición del “University Premium Training” organizada por Bloomberg, empresa líder en información financiera y económica a nivel mundial. / El evento, que fue realizado los días 5, 6 y 7 de noviembre en el campus San Isidro, tuvo como objetivo poder reforzar las competencias de los docentes de diversas universidades de Lima que emplean Bloomberg como una herramienta didáctica para la educación y planificación financiera. Esta compañía brinda herramientas de software financiero, como análisis, plataformas de comercio capital y servicios de datos para las empresas quienes deseen consultar información bursátil y financiera en tiempo real. / Además, se contó con la participación de expertos que emplean la herramienta como apoyo para la toma de decisión financiero: Lizzette Lara; especialista en riesgos y derivados, André Lapponi; especialista Senior en Portafolio y Análisis técnico, Pedro Cortejo, CEO-Founder de Decision Capital, entre otros. / Se continúa la presentación del video 10, y se explica el test de efectividad de cobertura, a partir del estudio de caso IFRS 9 y su impacto en el negocio. Ponente: Julio Aparecido, especialista de Commodities en América Latina. / En la segunda presentación se describen los tipos de datos que ofrece Bloomberg, importancia de la información y del uso de los datos, los desafíos y las tendencias para los profesionales del área de datos, así como los servicios coprorativos de Bloomberg --datos de cierre del día, datos en línea y servicio de evaluación de bancos y derivados OTC--. Ponente: Marina de Luca, especialista de soluciones corporativas de datos - Bloomberg