This study aimed to contribute to baseline knowledge of permafrost geochemistry within the uppermost 3-4 m of permafrost at 8 sites on the Peel Plateau and east of the Mackenzie Delta, NWT (67-68oN). The following variables were measured: gravimetric water content (GWC), pore water conductivity (PWC), leachate conductivity (LC), dissolved ions by ICP-AES (i.e. Ca, SO4, Mg, Fe, K, Na, Mn, Cl), organic carbon content (calculated by linear regression from organic matter content), as well as inorganic carbon content (obtained from loss on ignition analysis). PWC was positively correlated to GWC and values were generally at least 5 times less than LC values, likely underestimating total dissolved solutes using the former method. LC increased with depth to reach maximum values below the paleo thaw unconformity (>10 mS/cm). Carbon content typically remained low throughout the cores with the exception of samples associated to the shallow-rooted vegetation cover at the ground surface. Results showed that the active layer, relict active layer and the permafrost below the thaw unconformity can be divided into three statistically significant layers. PCA results indicated some spatial patterns with increasing LC values at greater depth, suggesting that layer geochemical profiles reflect varying degrees of soil chemical weathering processes since the early Holocene.

Le Haut-Arctique est caractérisé par de nombreux phénomènes climatiques et géomorphologiques extrêmes. Les températures très froides, les faibles précipitations et la couverture végétale disparate permettent une pénétration en profondeur du froid dans le sol. Ceci, combiné à un grand nombre de cycles de gel et de dégel, donne naissance à différentes formes de surface qui affectent les dynamiques d’évolution du pergélisol et induisent une variabilité verticale et latérale de la distribution des teneurs en glace dans le sol. Ce mémoire porte sur l’influence d’un lobe de solifluxion de type rocheux sur les dynamiques d’évolution du pergélisol sur l’île Ward Hunt, Nunavut (Canada). En utilisant une approche cryostratigraphique, les objectifs sont de caractériser la cryostratigraphie d’un lobe de solifluxion, ce qui permettra de proposer un modèle d’évolution du pergélisol en lien avec le déplacement de matériel par solifluxion. L’analyse cryostratigraphique a révélé que la formation du lobe de solifluxion a mené au développement syngénétique d’une couche de pergélisol avec une teneur en glace variant en fonction de la morphologie du lobe, et à l’enfouissement et la préservation d’un corps de glace massive préexistant en bas de pente. La succession verticale et latérale des cryofaciès fait état du déplacement du lobe et de l’impact que ce dernier a sur la variabilité spatiale et temporelle du pergélisol, et ce, tant sur les aspects d’aggradation liés à l’accumulation de matériel en surface que sur les aspects de dégradation associés aux réchauffements climatiques actuels. / The high Arctic is characterized by many extreme climatic and geomorphologic phenomena. Very cold temperatures, low precipitation and sparse vegetation cover, permit a deep penetration of cold in the soil. The latter, combined with a great number of freeze-thaw cycles, give rise to different surface features which in turn affect permafrost evolution dynamics and induce a vertical and lateral variability of the ice content distributions in the soil. This thesis focusses on the influence of a stone-banked solifluction lobe on permafrost evolution dynamics on Ward Hunt Island, Nunvut (Canada). By using a cryostratigraphic approach, the objectives are first, to characterize the cryostratigraphy of a solifluction lobe and second, to propose an evolution model of permafrost in reaction to the downslope displacement of material by solifluction. The cryostratigraphic analysis revealed that the solifluction lobes formation lead to the development of a syngenetic layer of permafrost with an ice content that varied according to the morphology of the lobe, and to the burial and preservation of a pre-existing body of massive ice at the base of the slope. The vertical and lateral sequence of the cryofacies presents the displacement of the lobe and its impact on spatial and temporal variability of the permafrost, that being, the aspects of aggradation related to the accumulation of material at the surface as well as degradation due to the actual climatic warming.