Current Canadian Building Codes mandate prescribed design requirements for the protection of vertical floor openings by means of draft stops and closely spaced sprinklers. In the event that a design cannot meet the requirements, they also allow for the use of an alternative solution as long as the alternative solution can be proven to provide at least an equivalent level of performance as that prescribed in the Code. A commonly suggested alternative to the use of draft stops includes the construction of a recession at the perimeter of the floor opening; however, the performance of this design relative to that of an equivalent draft stop design has not been thoroughly evaluated. In this research, the available methods for the evaluation of ceiling recession designs are reviewed in order to identify appropriate tools with which to conduct such an analysis. While both analytical analysis and experimental testing could be used, experimental testing of the design is not considered here as this option would not commonly be pursued by design teams due to restrictions on both project budget and design timelines. From the available analytical tools, the fire modeling software Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) is selected for evaluation of the ceiling recession design due primarily to the ability of FDS to address complex geometries with appropriate spatial resolution to investigate details of flow and thermal profiles at the ceiling level in a larger compartment. Previous FDS studies are reviewed and an independent validation study is conducted in order to develop an analysis methodology which is appropriate for the evaluation of ceiling recession designs. A case study evaluation is conducted consisting of two dimensionally distinct ceiling recession configurations in the same compartment and two separate source fire heat release rates (HRR). Results are analyzed to evaluate the selected analysis methodology with respect to the characteristics of the simulated flow, and thermal detector response. Results show that the presence of an obstruction to the ceiling jet flow significantly improves thermal detector response where the source fire HRR is low. At higher source fire HRRs, the difference in activation time is found to be minimal amongst configurations of ceiling recession considered in the study. Predictions of thermal detector response time for a selected ceiling recession design are compared to predictions made for code-prescribed draft stop configuration as would be necessary for an alternative solution evaluation. Results indicate that ceiling recession designs provide a reduced level of performance at both low and high source fire HRRs when the thermal detector is placed at the recession ceiling level. In contrast, when the thermal detectors are located at distances greater than 80 mm below the upper ceiling, a design which is permitted by the Code, the performance of the ceiling recession appears better than that of the prescribed draft stop design. Results from the model for detectors placed at distances from the ceiling exceeding 40 mm, however, require further confirmation through experimental testing or additional modeling.

Although being regarded as a prominent representative by other countries, the current health insurance system of Taiwan is actually faced with fierce financial bankrupt crisis. A second-generation health insurance draft is proposed by the government in 2004 to improve this financial deficit. Nevertheless, it is still not accepted by the national Legislative Yuan due to political issues. According to the report of Department of Health, there are six major problems in the current health insurance system as following:1. financial unbalanced, 2. unfair insurance fee design, 3. lack of connection between revenue and expenditure, 4. disorganized allocation of medical resources, 5. fail to disclosure the medical information to the public and 6.unreasonable payment standard. The second generation health insurance adopts the strategy that the fee for one household is dependent on the family income. The adaptive system aims at increasing insurance revenue and pressing the subsidy arrears of local government. The ultimate goal is to replace the lump sum payment approach with the service-quality based payment scheme and to reduce the payment for unreasonable medicine price. By comparing the developing progress of health insurance systems in the United Kingdom, German, Canada and the United States, this study inspected the problems of the current and second generation health insurance systems in Taiwan. Several improvement alternatives accommodate the situation of Taiwan were proposed as well. We suggested that conjunctive utilization of the principle of user charge and the income-based household fee design should be applied to increase the revenue of health insurance while maintain social fairness. Adaptive law should be modified or legislated to provide legality for the administrators to press the subsidy arrears of local government. The price of expenditure for medical service could be based on the basis suggested by the union of doctors and pharmacists. But this payment should be re-examined by experts and disclosure to civilians in order to achieve an acceptable standard. The payment procedure should be carried out using internet payment systems to save administration expenditures as well as to improve the service quality and information disclosure of health insurance.

Thesis--Heidelberg. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 197-203).

This thesis is an examination of the Conscription movement in Britain between 1899-1914. / The introduction briefly examines British efforts at home defence before 1899 and the existing historiography on the Edwardian Conscription movement. / Chapter One studies the impact of that conflict's manpower problems. In particular, it looks at the ad hoc wartime efforts to expand the Army and the subsequent rise of the National Service League. / Chapter Two studies the non-military goals of the Conscription movement. It considers the attraction of conscription as the foundation of both greater physical efficiency and social reform, especially before 1906. / The final chapter studies the use of sensationalist invasion scares and calls for home defence to further the cause of the Conscription movement. Particular attention is given to the invasion scare of 1908-09 and the rise of the Territorial Force after 1906.

Current Canadian Building Codes mandate prescribed design requirements for the protection of vertical floor openings by means of draft stops and closely spaced sprinklers. In the event that a design cannot meet the requirements, they also allow for the use of an alternative solution as long as the alternative solution can be proven to provide at least an equivalent level of performance as that prescribed in the Code. A commonly suggested alternative to the use of draft stops includes the construction of a recession at the perimeter of the floor opening; however, the performance of this design relative to that of an equivalent draft stop design has not been thoroughly evaluated. In this research, the available methods for the evaluation of ceiling recession designs are reviewed in order to identify appropriate tools with which to conduct such an analysis. While both analytical analysis and experimental testing could be used, experimental testing of the design is not considered here as this option would not commonly be pursued by design teams due to restrictions on both project budget and design timelines. From the available analytical tools, the fire modeling software Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) is selected for evaluation of the ceiling recession design due primarily to the ability of FDS to address complex geometries with appropriate spatial resolution to investigate details of flow and thermal profiles at the ceiling level in a larger compartment. Previous FDS studies are reviewed and an independent validation study is conducted in order to develop an analysis methodology which is appropriate for the evaluation of ceiling recession designs. A case study evaluation is conducted consisting of two dimensionally distinct ceiling recession configurations in the same compartment and two separate source fire heat release rates (HRR). Results are analyzed to evaluate the selected analysis methodology with respect to the characteristics of the simulated flow, and thermal detector response. Results show that the presence of an obstruction to the ceiling jet flow significantly improves thermal detector response where the source fire HRR is low. At higher source fire HRRs, the difference in activation time is found to be minimal amongst configurations of ceiling recession considered in the study. Predictions of thermal detector response time for a selected ceiling recession design are compared to predictions made for code-prescribed draft stop configuration as would be necessary for an alternative solution evaluation. Results indicate that ceiling recession designs provide a reduced level of performance at both low and high source fire HRRs when the thermal detector is placed at the recession ceiling level. In contrast, when the thermal detectors are located at distances greater than 80 mm below the upper ceiling, a design which is permitted by the Code, the performance of the ceiling recession appears better than that of the prescribed draft stop design. Results from the model for detectors placed at distances from the ceiling exceeding 40 mm, however, require further confirmation through experimental testing or additional modeling.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Alabama, 2006. / Typescript. A gap exists in understanding and modeling the Vietnam War era for lack of quantitative studies that examine the political effect of the military draft. Using presidential approval ratings as a proxy for political support, this study seeks to fill the void by evaluating the effects of the Vietnam-era draft on presidential approval between 1954 and 1975. With a basis in rational theory, it uses Autoregressive Moving Average time series analysis, both bivariate and multivariate, in a quasi-experimental design to detect significant impacts of the draft as operationalized by induction rates. This work also provides a synopsis of the U.S. presence in Vietnam as well as a short history of the modern, military draft in America. It finds significant direct effects of the draft upon presidential approval that vary by period. The draft shifts from having no impact on aggregated approval ratings to a negative impact as the conflict mounts, suggesting public resistance grew as conflict costs increased. In the post-test period, the draft showed some tertiary effects, but yielded nothing indisputable for the final multivariate model. In modeling the entire conflict period, only economic and presidential series proved significant suggesting the difficulty of sustaining long-term attention by the public. Granger Causality Testing helped further confirm the importance of the draft by returning evidence of causal relationships in three of the four periods evaluated. Overall, inductions outperformed casualties as a direct influence upon presidential approval. Tests for interactive effects of the draft and casualties did not prove significant. These results pertain to historical studies as well as subsequent examinations of involuntary conscription, either directly in a military draft or indirectly through executive policy directing the use of active or reserve military forces. There may also be some relevance for other federal service programs. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 172-211).

Thesis(B.A.Hons.) -- University of Adelaide, 1968.

"Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Business Administration from the Naval Postgraduate School, December 2008." / Advisor(s): Eitelberg, Mark ; Hudgens, Bryan. "December 2008." "MBA professional report"--Cover. Description based on title screen as viewed on January 28, 2009. Includes bibliographical references (p. 251-255). Also available in print.

Thesis (M.A.)--Ohio State University, 1938. / Includes bibliographical references. Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin, 1958. / Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [253-257]).