The Taiwanese opera is the most representative opera in Taiwan. It was the main policy for the development of Kaohsiung in the period of governance by Japan. The city developed quickly and citizens needed more entertainments so that the local theaters increased vigorously. The Taiwanese opera developed from the outdoor to the indoor platform and absorbed the elements and structure from classical dramas to present the complete operation and performance. It adapted itself to every period of development. This research surveyed the operational situation of the Taiwanese opera in Kaohsiung by fieldwork and discussed the ecology and management This study is as following: Firstly, it finds out the process of development from the history of the Taiwanese opera. Secondly, it discusses the ecology of theaters from the variations in amount and time. Thirdly, it bases on the theories of modern management to analyze the patterns of management in Kaohsiung recently. Furthermore, it focuses on the case to discuss from the organization, human resource, marketing. The conclusion discover that the diversity of the outdoor platform result in the theaters of outdoor platform to suffer from difficulties. Also, the localization effect the cultural policy and the cultural shows become the new opportunity. The Taiwanese opera keep the operational pattern of simple structure to face the change of audiences. The manager is playing three roles: Leader, Liaison and Resource Allocator with higher gracious and lower regulation to reduce the mobile members. The salary of actors comes from the original and reward from audiences. It depends on the technology, jobs and the time of performance. The strategies of marketing build the well relationship without difference. The researcher provides three suggestions: (¤@) to set and manage the policy (¤G) to promote the well inviting show (¤T) to change the conception from government, private organization and theaters improving the environment to enrich the development forever.