Groundwater is an important source of baseflow. Baseflow supports minimum flows and living area through dry periods, and moderates surface water temperature. The reductions in baseflow after urbanization can cause degradation of the stream ecosystem. The purpose of this study was to investigate the groundwater-surface water interaction and thermal regime of Clythe Creek, Guelph to illustrate the importance of groundwater/streamflow interaction in determining the health of a stream ecosystem. Piezometers were used to quantify vertical and lateral groundwater flow direction, and surface water temperature measurements were used to characterize and quantify the thermal regime. Groundwater-surface water interaction varied both temporally and spatially between the two geomorphic units. Average summer surface water temperatures were consistently cooler in the downstream portion of the study reach. The importance of groundwater-surface water interactions in supporting stream ecosystems was concluded from this study, and restoration strategies to address threats from urbanization were made. / Ontario Research Fund (ORF)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:25:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Desiree Baldin Damame.pdf: 4452651 bytes, checksum: 75b1cd927feefd4c49ea0ce0f5b23a86 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-01 / At first, the city of Campinas/SP, originally formed by forests, savanna and savanna fields that have suffered thorough out the last decade a loss of it's original vegetal form essencially due to the agricultural expansion and also followed by its strong urban and industrial development. That has promoted deep changes in the use of the soil and its occupation of the soil. Within this context, this Tesis has the objective of analyzing the ambient vulnerability and the connection among physicochemical properties in the soil, the use and the occupation of permeable sub watersheds of the river "Rio das Pedras" and "Baixo Anhumas", it provides enough arguments related to the urban expansion impacts and the significant reduce of green areas, also about the soil quality in its different usages, and measuring the ambient vulnerability of the watersheds. . The study area is lkm? located northwest of the city of Campinas / SP, with the total area of 42 Km?, where 29 square kilometers belong to sub watersheds river Rio das Pedras and other 13Km? the sub watersheds Baixo Anhumas. For both soil samples were taken at 37 points located in permeable areas of sub watersheds, and later performed 28 different physicochemical analysis of the soil, as well as spacial analysis of the use and occupation in the Sub Basin in 2014 where through overlay maps, and relying on historical soil types maps, declivity and use and occupation of the watersheds, it was possible to get the environmental vulnerability of the area for the years 1962, 1972, 2009 and 2014 Thus it was observed that in the period analyzed, there was a significant reduce in the areas of low vulnerability (42%), followed by an increase in moderate vulnerability classes (34%) and high vulnerability (7%) indicating that nearly half of the area It became vulnerable in the last 52 years. The analysis of physical and chemical attributes was verified that most of these point to a weakening of ecosystems, with many attributes, such as mechanical resistance to penetration, total soil porosity, the cation exchange capacity (CTC) and the organic matter content, below the appropriate indices for the development and establishment of plant species and also vulnerable to the action of erosion. Therefore, generally, it has been concluded that the urban growth caused direct impact on environmental vulnerability of the studied watersheds. So it can be very field that urban settlement in addition to soil waterproofing, directly affects the physical and chemical parameters of the soil and the possible interaction between forest fragments. Compression evaluated for bulk density, porosity and mechanical resistance to penetration of the areas indicated a difficulty for proper root development, in addition to modify the availability of water and nutrients for plants. It is possible to conclude, therefore, that urban occupation impacted Sub watersheds studied in relation to their physical and chemical properties of the soil, causing difficulty for the establishment of plants and probable natural regeneration is not possible in the area. / O munic?pio de Campinas/SP inicialmente coberto por florestas, cerrados e campos cerrados teve, ao longo das ?ltimas d?cadas, sua cobertura vegetal original suprimida e fragmentada, a princ?pio pela expans?o da agricultura, seguida pelo forte desenvolvimento urbano e industrial, o que promoveu profundas altera??es no uso e ocupa??o do solo do munic?pio. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a vulnerabilidade ambiental e as rela??es entre propriedades f?sicas e qu?micas do solo e o uso e ocupa??o em ?reas perme?veis das Sub Bacias do Rio das Pedras e Baixo Anhumas, permitindo ampliar a discuss?o sobre os impactos da expans?o urbana e a diminui??o das ?reas vegetadas/perme?veis, sobre a qualidade do solo nos diferentes usos, al?m de mensurar a vulnerabilidade ambiental das Sub Bacias. A ?rea de estudo localiza-se a noroeste do munic?pio de Campinas/SP, tendo como ?rea total 42 km?, onde 29 km? pertencem a Sub Bacia do Rio das Pedras e outros 13 km? ? Sub Bacia do Baixo Anhumas. Para tanto, foram realizadas amostragens de solo em 37 pontos localizados nas ?reas perme?veis das Sub Bacias, sendo posteriormente realizadas 28 diferentes an?lises f?sico-qu?micas do solo, al?m da an?lise espacial do uso e ocupa??o nas Sub Bacias no ano de 2014. Por meio da sobreposi??o de mapas, e contando com hist?ricos de mapas de tipo de solo, declividade e uso e ocupa??o nas bacias, p?de-se obter a vulnerabilidade ambiental da ?rea para os anos de 1962, 1972, 2009 e 2014. Com isso, foi poss?vel observar que no per?odo analisado, houve uma queda nas ?reas de baixa vulnerabilidade (42%), seguida de um aumento nas classes de vulnerabilidade moderada (34%) e de alta vulnerabilidade (7%) indicando que praticamente metade da ?rea, tornou-se moderada e altamente vulner?vel nos ?ltimos 52 anos. Pela an?lise dos atributos f?sicos e qu?micos, foi poss?vel verificar que grande parte destes apontam para uma fragiliza??o dos ecossistemas, estando muitos atributos, como por exemplo, a resist?ncia mec?nica a penetra??o, a porosidade total do solo, a capacidade de tor?a de c?tions (CTC) e o teor de mat?ria org?nica, abaixo dos ?ndices adequados para o desenvolvimento e estabelecimento das esp?cies vegetais e tamb?m vulner?veis ? a??o dos processos erosivos. Sendo assim, de modo geral, concluiu-se que o crescimento urbano causou impacto direto na vulnerabilidade ambiental das Bacias hidrogr?ficas estudadas. Assim, pode-se verificar, que ocupa??o urbana al?m promover a impermeabiliza??o do solo, afeta diretamente os par?metros f?sico-qu?micos do solo e a poss?vel intera??o entre os fragmentos florestais. A compacta??o avaliada pela densidade do solo, porosidade e resist?ncia mec?nica ? penetra??o das ?reas indicou uma dificuldade para o desenvolvimento radicular potencial, al?m de, modificar a disponibilidade de ?gua e nutrientes para as plantas. Sendo poss?vel concluir, portanto, que a ocupa??o urbana impactou as Sub Bacias estudadas em rela??o aos seus atributos f?sicos e qu?micos do solo, ocasionando dificuldade para o estabelecimento das plantas e prov?vel impossibilidade de regenera??o natural na ?rea.