In September 2017, one of Sweden's largest banks Nordea, announced their plan to move their legal head office from Sweden to Finland. The move was a direct consequence of two governmental reasons. Firstly, the plan to raise the bank taxes. Secondly, the fact that Finland is a member of The European Banking Union. A union Sweden has chosen to not take part of. The decision to move has been highly criticized in Swedish media. It has been portrayed as a simple tax avoidance and greediness decision. Nordea have defended themself from the critique with the motivation that they will still be paying Swedish tax, as they did before, and the move is actually beneficial to the stakeholders, customers as well as Nordea as a bank and business. Media has a great impact in portraying a situation, the aim of this thesis is to analyze how Swedish media framed the information about Nordea’s move during one months time as opposed to how Nordea have communicated the situation externally via press releases and Facebook posts. We have used the method of frame analysis while examining articles published by Dagens Nyheter, Svenska Dagbladet and Aftonbladet as well as Nordeas own press releases and Facebook posts. The scientific bases have been Framing Theory and Situational Crisis Communication Theory. The main findings from this study was that Swedish media has portrayed the situation differently to Nordea’s own external communication.

This paper describes what causes women to want to be anonymous on social media. Anonymity causes both negative and positive effects online, which we believe makes the topic interesting to examine from a specific user group’s perspective. Through interviews and a web-based questionnaire, this study provides insight into why women choose to remain anonymous, and which strategies they apply to preserve a hidden identity on social media. As the study aims to provide a qualitative answer, a discourse analysis was carried out in combination with a smaller content analysis when interpreting the material. The study shows that women are primarily anonymous to protect themselves against possible threats, as a tool for preserving their self-representation and as a means of releasing themselves from power structures. We see this as an indication that anonymity is an important function to make available for users, to achieve inclusive design.

Introduction: Young people with Autism Spectrum Condition (ASC) have been shown to be at higher risk of many negative factors associated with internet use. However, many anecdotal reports have suggested that social media can have a positive impact on young people with ASC, with the emergence of social media for the ASC population being compared to the emergence of sign language in the deaf community. This has been hypothesised to be due to online communication lessening “the emotional, social and time pressures experienced in offline situations” (Benford and Standen, 2009 p.2). Method: This research explored young people (aged 14-19) with ASCs’ digital identity and how they feel it relates to; relationships, psychological well-being and life outcomes. Phase one data collection was through a questionnaire formed of three standardised measures to assess; digital identity (the Autism Digital Identity Scale, adapted from the Deaf Acculturation Scale; Maxwell-McCaw & Zea, 2011), relationship formation (the Friendship Scale; Baron-Cohen & Wheelwright, 2003), and well-being (the Moods and Feelings Questionnaire; Angold & Costello, 1987). Four questions on a Likert scale were used to ascertain views about life outcomes. For phase two, participants were asked to contribute to an online forum, where a qualitative thematic analysis and a systematic qualitative analysis were undertaken to find any phenomena occurring. Two participants were chosen as case studies. Results: A relationship was found between those who identify as non-autistic online and enjoy close relationships. A relationship is found between those with an autistic digital identity and those who feel that the internet will support their life outcomes with regards to forming relationships. A negative correlation was found between non-autistic digital identity and believing the internet will improve both work and life outcomes. A variety of sub-categories arose from the qualitative analysis, including; choosing/disclosing a non-autistic digital identity, advantages to online communication, removal of eye-contact/time pressures online, making new friends, online social support and confidence in online interaction. Discussion: The findings from both phase one and phase two are discussed in relation to previous research. Potential areas of further research are discussed, while highlighting a paucity in research for training appropriate use of social media for young people with ASC.

This study examines the domestic media coverage of the Boko Haram insurgency in Nigeria. It focuses on the media coverage between 2011 and 2014. The thesis employs a mixed methods approach - content analysis, interview and questionnaire to critically evaluate the nature of coverage of the insurgency. The use of mixed methods allows the study to not only analyse media content but also situate it within its context of production thus broadening our understanding of the relationship between media and terrorism. The study applies seven predetermined (deductive) frames in its analysis. It establishes that political, religious and 'ethnic' frames were dominantly used in the coverage of the insurgency. The frames indicate a lack of nuance or texture in the coverage with various critical aspects of the insurgency ignored. Beyond the predetermined frames, ten new sub-thematic (inductive) frames also emerged from the analysis. By knitting the multi-layered arguments in the coverage of the insurgency, this study finds evidence of the Government's hegemonic narratives and strategic influence in the coverage of the insurgency. The study also notes that institutional weaknesses within news organisations and a hostile legislative environment forced journalists to source stories from the foreign media. Most of these stories are often decontextualized and therefore only give a partial view of a situation and particularly conflict situations in Africa. As a consequence, the domestic media adopted the language of 'international terrorism' and now institutionalised the 'war against terror' narrative. This 'homogenous' or 'universal' 'war against terror' implies that the media covered the Boko Haram insurgency from the same perspective that terrorist groups in the Middle East and other parts of the world are covered without necessarily recognising the different dynamics that led to their emergence. The thesis thus argues that overtly or covertly, external forces influenced the direction of the coverage thereby eroding the domestic media's editorial independence. This study therefore offers both quantitative and qualitative contributions to an issue that has largely been approached from normative and prescriptive perspectives.

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This thesis responds to a question: if the Western mainstream superhero genre is so radical then why does it feel so reactionary in practice? The framing of this distinctive question points to the genre's ideologically unstable and contradictory meaningscape. Genre meaning is polysemous and shaped by official and unofficial meaning-makers, and yet, it routinely falls into duality. The genre tells, and facilitates, an astonishingly seamless tale of opposing ideologies. But, how? This thesis, innovatively maps this untheorised ideological divergence through three fronts: transformation, representation, and worldmaking. It is sited outside the conventional parameters of genre discourse and knowledge production. It makes several contributions to knowledge, as indicated below, and introduces some new terms and tools. It demonstrates, for instance, the value in reconceoptialising the concept of escape as 'e-scape' and worldmaking as 'world-un/making'. It asserts that genre meaning (and our perception of transformation) is shaped by a nexus of divergent forces: concept (how we think about it), representation (how we show/see it), and practice (how we do it). It draws the idea of 'promise' from Haraway (1992) and Cohen (2012) and institutes the idea that superheroes, as well as monsters, possess 'promise' (radical or otherwise). It reveals superheroic transformation as an omnipresent source of radicalism. It goes on to identify and theorise a disconnect between the (radical) concept of a superhero and its mainstream representation (conservative). It asserts that even though portraying transforming figures, superhero representation stays firmly within hegemonic lines, and it concludes that the radicalism of transformation, and superheroes, is lost in the telling. But it does not stop there; to do so would be to mark an area of the genre's meaning-map, 'Here Be Monsters'. Fans and audiences, particularly minority fans, are the final, critical, worldmaking element of this thesis. Whilst the genre talks about fantastic transformations, transgressive minority superhero fans perform them. This thesis illuminates continuing minority engagement with a beloved, but exclusionary and often hostile, genre. It reconceptualises this transgressive mode of textual engagement as a form of textual escapology, or 'texcapology'; a practice that not only keeps the genre 'alive' for excluded audiences and fans, but aids the recovery of the genre's lost radical promise. Theorising the genre's multivocal meaningscape allows the assertion that genre meaning is promissory rather than binary. This thesis asserts that genre meaning is a case of 'both/and' (radical and conservative) rather than 'either/or'. It concludes that the genre's unstable and contradictory meaningscape is itself a site of radical promise.

Abstract Title: What is being said about the Swedish Democrats (Vad sägs om Sverigedemokraterna?)   Authors: Alexandra Constantinidou, Jesper Thoresen   Aim: The purpose of this study is to develop knowledge of how newspapers in Sweden presents the political party Swedish Democrats. Also if there is any difference between the three newspapers presentation of the party.   Method/Material: We have analysed opinion articles from the three newspapers, Aftonbladet, Dagens Nyheter and Svenska Dagbladet. Our chosen method for analysis is qualitative content analysis   Main Results: Our results showed that none of the newspapers presented the party in a positive or neutral way. The harshest critic of the party was Aftonbladet and Dagens Nyheter. Svenska Dagbladet were also harsh in its critique but more lenient than the two previous. The texts we have analysed mostly touched on the parties politics and its racist history.   Number of pages: 54  pages   Course: Media and Communication studies C   Department: Department of Informatics and media   University: Uppsala University   Period: Fall term 2018   Tutor: Kirill Filimonov   Keywords: Swedish Democrats, Populism, Aftonbladet, Dagens Nyheter, Svenska Dagbladet

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Den här studien syftar till att undersöka hur förhållandet mellan kommunikatörer och journalister kan se ut utifrån ett kommunikatörsperspektiv. Detta för att öka förståelsen för hur kommunikationsyrket har utvecklats och hur det uttrycker sig i kommunikatörens makt att påverka mediernas innehåll. För att uppnå ytterligare förståelse för kommunikationssyrket tas även etik-aspekten upp. Materialet studien utgår från har samlats in genom semistrukturerade kvalitativa intervjuer med fem yrkesverksamma personer inom kommunikationsbranschen. Genom denna metod kan vi komma åt de enskilda erfarenheter och uppfattningar respondenterna har kring förhållandet mellan dem själva och journalisterna. De transkriberade intervjuerna har sedan tematiserats och resultatet har tolkats i relation till det teoretiska ramverket. Studiens teoretiska ramverk utgår främst från journalistikforskning med teorier som medielogik, dagordningsteorin, gestaltningsteorin och grindvaktsteorin, och har även kompletterats med definitioner av makt, opinionsbildning, etik, news management och information subsidy. Studiens analys visar fem teman som utmärker sig i materialet. Utifrån dessa kan vi utläsa hur kommunikatörer ser på förhållandet till journalister som att det finns ett ömsesidigt beroende, att det föreligger en stark respekt till journalistyrket, att gränserna mellan yrkena håller på att suddas ut, och att de etiska aspekterna i kommunikationsyrket främst handlar om att kommunicera sanning. Vi kommer fram till att kommunikatörers makt har ökat under de senaste decennierna och vi för en diskussion kring vad detta innebär. Slutsatsen vi drar är att det är viktigt att det finns en tydlig gräns mellan de båda yrkena så att journalistiken förblir objektiv.