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台灣公立就業服務站三合一就業服務流程及功能之探討 / The research of three-in-one employment service in Taiwan陳彥蓁 Unknown Date (has links)
為了建構完善的就業安全體系,改善以往就服制度僅能發揮消極性失業給付功能的缺失,台灣於2003年實施了就業保險法,並據此具體規劃了三合一就業服務流程,由公立就業服務站以單一窗口的方式提供整合式就業服務。
三合一就業服務流程從2003年實施至今,觀察其歷年實施概況,可看出三合一就業服務流程的實施確實有所成效,求職求才人數、就業推介與職訓安排等方面明顯都比以往提高許多;但是,歷年實施概況也顯示出三合一就業服務流程在實施之後,出現了失業給付、推介就業與職訓安排等三者數據差距懸殊的現象,有整合性不足的問題,應具備的正面成效未能充分發揮,部分職業的勞動市場也出現供過於求的問題,求才機會的開發仍有待加強。
進一步觀察三合一就業服務流程的實際執行現況,其則顯示了流程中各區塊在業務執行方面存在著許多有待改善的問題。接待台缺乏協助減少服務流量的積極性功能,就業資訊區自助式服務成效不彰,綜合服務區出現失業給付認定業務過重所產生的業務排擠現象、簡易諮詢難以確實執行與短期就業方案無法確實發揮成效等問題,諮詢服務區出現個案管理就業服務之落實有待加強、就業促進研習活動成效不彰與職業訓練諮詢服務有待改進等問題,雇主服務區則是出現求才服務過於消極、欲引進外勞的雇主無意進行國內求才、雇主申請僱用獎助津貼與短期就業方案的不當逆向操作等問題。這些流程內部區塊執行業務所出現的問題不只使三合一就業服務流程的各項服務難以發揮功效,也造成就服站內部區塊之間、就服站與相關外部單位之間合作的障礙,其因此進一步延伸出三合一就業服務中失業給付、推介就業與職訓安排之間整合性不佳的現象,並產生失業給付、就業服務與職業訓練整合不佳所導致的種種負面影響。
職訓局當初在規劃三合一就業服務流程的同時,也為其規劃了明確的預定目標,包括整合性、便捷性、全人化、個別化與可近性等五項。不過,檢視研究資料後可以發現,三合一就業服務流程實施至今,其實並未完全達成當初職訓局所設立的五大目標,流程仍有許多方面有待修正。另外,將台灣的三合一就業服務流程與英國就業服務進行對照之後,也可看出流程中其他尚待加強的不足之處。
目前職訓局雖然有意針對三合一就業服務流程進行改革,但其所規劃的「失業認定單一窗口一案到底」作業試辦模式主要僅針對綜合服務區和諮詢服務區的部份業務進行調整,其他區塊的業務內容並沒有變動,可預見目前職訓局所試辦的改革模式並無法完全解決原本三合一就業服務流程的諸多問題。不論是原本的三合一就業服務流程,或是試辦中的失業認定單一窗口一案到底作業模式,在服務內容與運作方式等方面皆存有相當大的改善空間,職訓局有必要全面重新審視三合一就業服務流程在執行上所遇到的各種問題,據此作為流程改革時的參考依據。 / In order to build a complete employment security system, Taiwan implemented Employment Insurance Act in 2003, and changed the original public employment service into the three-in-one employment service in the public employment service station. This research intends to explore the implementation problem of three-in-one employment service.
According to the statistical data, the three-in-one employment service has positive effect indeed. However, it is still has problems. Firstly, the integration of unemployment benefit, employment service and vocational training needs to be strengthened. Secondly, the three-in-one employment service has many implementation problems in each service area. These problems weaken the intended function of the three-in-one employment service. So far, the three-in-one employment service hasn’t achieved the goals, as were originally designed by Bureau of Employment and Vocational Training.
Nowadays, Bureau of Employment and Vocational Training is undergoing the reform of the three-in-one employment service; with it focuses on enhancing employment counseling service. But the current reform did not go much further. It is necessary that Bureau of Employment and Vocational Training conducts a comprehensive evaluation of the three-in-one employment service as foundation for reforming service in the near future.
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