No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

Prof. W.M. Conradie

Environmental and carbon footprints have recently come to the fore of the media’s, governmental and general public’s attention. They offer an excellent indication of humanity’s demands upon Nature and allow evaluation of ecological deficit by contrasting supply and demand. The ecological debt many nations find themselves in is unsustainable, globally inequitable and adds to the growing effects of climate change. These footprints need to be further investigated, looking at historic and future trends in order to better understand, not only the global overuse of natural capital, but also the imbalance between nation states of the world. The value and limitations of the footprint must be recognised; the footprint alone cannot represent the full anthropogenic impacts upon the Earth. This thesis focuses on developing the definitions of the ecological and carbon footprints, analysing the significant factors that affect their composition. The selected parameters are diverse, ranging from a host of economic, geographic and climatic factors. It is shown that both the carbon and ecological footprints are primarily driven by economic welfare, a result that reflects the consumptive nature and fundamental basis of the footprint. Analysis of the resultant correlating equations, for both the environmental and carbon footprints, highlights the differences between the developing and industrialised world in terms of their profligate or frugal use of Nature’s resources. This concludes the stark contrast between these regions of the globe in terms of their per capita and total footprint values. The disparity between the populous South and the prosperous North is further investigated to the year 2100, with the use of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s scenarios and adaptation of the correlating ecological footprint equation. Four separate scenarios are adopted, each having different underlying assumptions regarding economic development, demographic transition and environmental awareness for various regions of the world. For all scenarios the Southern regions rapidly increase their levels of total ecological footprint; in contrast the industrialised world maintains a relatively conservative evolution. Although different scenarios suggest contrasting future pathways, the hope of contraction and convergence among global footprint levels is not completely lost. The intensification of carbon emissions from both the affluent North and the majority South are considered with respect to population, economic and energy use trends from 1900 to the end of the twenty-first century. It is overwhelmingly shown that affluence will drive growth in carbon emissions across the world by the end of the century. Global inequality must be reduced; the footprint is utilised to demonstrate the trends in resource misuse and contrast between the ecological debtors and ecological creditors of the world.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2006. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xvi, 432 p. : ill. (some col.)., map. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 316-332).

<p>Despite some gains in economic reforms and international commitments, Ethiopia still maintains the position of one of the poorest countries in the world in the 21st century with very little power to influence the allocation of reources in the world market. The development problems in many of the sub-saharan regions are confined within the countyry including the difficulty to keep up with rapid increase in the number of primary school enrollments, which has led to a situation of compromised quality / high child mortality and HIV/AIDS, which poses additional challenges to the poor health facilities, gender and regional inequalities and sustainable debt burden. Making matters worse, Ethiopia's political instability, civil war, recurring of drought, and economic mismanagement ties the country to a severe poverty cycle.. Ethiopia has made important economic, social and political reforms with the support of the World bank and other multilateral institutions, to pave the way for the country to face the challenges posed by globalization. However, these reforms have not been sustained by effective implementation. The response to overcome the problemshas also been slow to see rapid growth. In this research paper, the writer explores the challenges regarding Ethiopia's poverty from perspective of the World Bank. The research examines the theoretical and conceptual underpinning of the World Bank's general mandate and objectives on poverty reduction, using Ethiopia as acase study.</p>

Ecotourism is very burning issue and one of the fastest growing sectors in current worldtourism industry. Especially in many developing countries like Nepal are trying to useecotourism as a tool to achieve sustainable development. The paper mainly considers currentopportunities of ecotourism in Nepal where tourism is one of the fastest expanding industrieswhich has been leaving various negative impacts in different areas. It is aiming to study aboutthe current state of ecotourism in Nepal. The paper also attempt to give critical analysis ofecotourism impacts and challenges in the case of Nepal and point out some recommendationsfor better practice of ecotourism. The paper tries to answer the following question: Isecotourism opportunity or challenge in Nepal? How is ecotourism practised in the country?Can ecotourism be a beneficial tool for sustainable development of the country? How canecotourism be very effective means of development and conservation?Nepal has abundance of opportunities of ecotourism industry. But its effective practice andimplementation is not promising due to lack of commitment of governmental policy andplanning strategy with combination of integrated conservation and development. Thus to runecotourism project properly, principles and theories of ecotourism must be considered a majorbase while make its policy and planning. Policy must be integrative, collaborative andcomprehensive to achieve real outcome of ecotourism by realizing importance ofenvironmental, social and economic imperatives.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Florida, 2005. / Title from title page of source document. Document formatted into pages; contains 252 pages. Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 158-162).