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The roles of intermediary agents in housing for the poor in Inonesia: three models of interventionLang, Heracles C., n/a January 2006 (has links)
This thesis addresses the issues faced by the urban poor in their efforts to gain housing in
developing countries. It argues that participation in housing is a matter of governance, in
which the Public, Private and Popular sectors interact, and Intermediary Agents (IA) are
necessary to act as catalysts in this interaction.
In Indonesia there are two major problems related to housing the urban poor. The first
problem concerns the quantity of housing. The second problem concerns the quality of
housing, infrastructure and the environment. The government usually addresses these
problems through a project-based, sectoral approach that lacks community engagement and
accountability. Intermediary Agents have assisted many of these housing projects. However,
little research has been undertaken on their role in these housing projects, as well as in the
informal housing process.
This thesis examines the role of IAs in the housing process of four different
communities: one community in a government-sponsored project and three communities in
informal settlements. The findings showed that the IAs, in engaging with the four different
communities, played different roles and have different values.
The involvement of IAs in the housing process elucidates a fundamental issue. On one
hand, the IAs offer a mechanism to assist communities in providing and improving access to
housing, infrastructure and services. However, there are limitations to their role: they have not
the capacity to improve security of land tenure for the residents, which is essential for
sustainable housing development. Where there has been some recognition of residents' rights
to occupy the land, there have been substantial gains in community engagement in investing
and improving their living environment.
The thesis demonstrates the importance of community participation and acknowledges
stakeholder engagement and community empowerment are crucial, roles that are often
dependent on the involvement of IAs. It also extended the research on movement and
development IAs demonstrating that both functions are complementary and important in
housing delivery and that there are five roles that these IAs could play depending on the
housing situation.
The thesis offers new approaches to housing delivery and policy in Indonesia by
involving urban poor communities, as the beneficiaries of housing for the poor programs. The
qualitative method of the research has not been able to provide a generalised conclusion, but
the lessons learned are important not only for providing housing for the urban poor in
Indonesia but also possibly to addressing housing problems in other Asian countries. This
thesis addresses four areas of intervention in transposing skills for a more democratic
approach in housing the poor. Within these areas the research proposes new models of
engagement for relevant stakeholders in public, popular and private sectors involving
Intermediary Agents. These models are underpinned by a set of basic principles to guide IA
engagement. Lastly the thesis proposes three models for IAs involvements in the housing
process.
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Health And Illness Experiences Among The Urban Poor: The Case Of AltindagOzen, Yelda 01 March 2008 (has links) (PDF)
In this study similarities and differences in health experiences among urban poor in relation to the forms of capital they possess: economic, social, cultural, and health capital and the different positions they hold in the urban field, are analyzed. The research was conducted in two poor gecekondu neighborhoods in Altindag, Baraj and Gü / ltepe, via face to face interviews with 40 individuals.
A main finding has been that the different forms of capital, in volume as well as in composition, had an influence on the urban poor&rsquo / s health perceptions, health care access, health seeking strategies and experiences in health institutions.
The rural-urban migrants refer to a habitus in relation to health which still strongly relies on their rural practices. Major differences among men and women have been observed, where men seem to be more open to integrate into the urban dispositions.
Economic capital plays a crucial role. Regular income earners do tend to emphasize that they have a certain autonomy and control over their health. On the other hand, benefit dependent poor mention that they have less control over their health. Economic capital can be seen as very much the same among the group studied, but the differences in health experiences rely strongly on Cultural capital is understood as their different identities: villager/non-villager / illiterate/ non-illiterate / women/men / healthy/non-healthy. Social capital (formal and informal solidarity networks) is studied as the role in health experiences, access to health care and strategies to use the existing health system / as well as how individuals support each other materially and immaterially. Social capital is important because it converts into economic capital, not as exchange but as use value.
An analysis of the different forms of capital allows us to address at the interrelationship of structural conditions in the field and the practices actors experience through their internalized habitus. Health experiences therefore differ even among a socio-economic homogenous group.
In addition to the above mentioned forms of capital, it is also argued that health itself should be considered as a form of capital. Health capital (self perceived health/illness and medically diagnosed disease) influences and is influenced by the other forms of capital.
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Urban poverty and poverty reduction programs in Bangkok and Shanghai /Li, Yuk-shing, Kevin. January 2001 (has links)
Thesis (M.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 106-114).
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The transformation of spaces for home based income generation: an approach towards economic subsistencefor the urban poor at Khulna slumsRahman, A. F. M. Ashrafur. January 2005 (has links)
published_or_final_version / Urban Planning / Master / Master of Science in Urban Planning
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The local congregation empowering the urban poor, with special reference to John Wesley's social ethics.Le Roux, Harold Martin. January 2001 (has links)
This thesis considers the rapidly growing problems of poverty and urbanisation, especially in the contemporary South African context. It suggests that Christian churches, especially those in the Wesleyan tradition, have a special contribution to make concerning poverty and urbanisation. John Wesley was at the centre of the Evangelical Revival in England in the eighteenth century as well as the emerging Methodist movement. Besides his roles of preaching and organising, he made significant advances in caring for the poor as well as changing attitudes towards the poor. There is an examination of Wesley's social ethics and how this resulted in empowering the poor. Case studies of three very different churches within the Wesleyan tradition are examined. One is in the inner city of Pietermaritzburg, one in an informal settlement near Johannesburg and one in a middle class suburb in Cape Town. The particular focus is on methods used by each to provide low cost housing in their communities. Theoretical models of urban mission for the church in the city are examined. The contemporary context and assumptions of poverty are analysed together with Wesley's social ethics, and his critique ofthe dangers of wealth and riches. The basic thesis ofthis study is that the Christian social ethics of Wesley are relevant and applicable in congregations with the will to empower the poor. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2001.
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Urban poverty reduction through municipal solid waste management (MSWM) : a case study of Maseru and Maputsoe in Lesotho.Mvuma, Godfrey Ganizani Kwantha. January 2002 (has links)
The study was designed to generate data and information necessary for designing an
appropriate sustainable solid waste management system, and examining the socio-economic
benefits of urban municipal so lid waste management through job creation opportunities (albeit
mainly informal) in Lesotho.
The review of literature on the integrated solid waste management systems at international,
regional and local levels in relation to job creation was carried out with a view to establish the
necessity of carrying out this research. In addition, specific solid waste management
experiences and practices in other countries have been cited.
In Lesotho, investors and donors have, for long expressed the need for formulation of solid
waste management policy and guidelines formulated in the country in order to create an
enabling environment for investment. However, the process of preparing policy and
guidelines requires substantial data and information. This study supplemented this effort by
gathering data and information. The data and information gathered were on the existing
policies and regulatory framework concerning waste management; waste generation rates,
types and quantity from domestic, industrial and commercial establishments; recycling
activities; and the waste harvesting (scavenging) activities. The study was undertaken in
Maseru and Maputsoe, being the hub of commercial and industrial activities in the country.
The data and information may also be useful to other SADC countries
From the results of the study, it has been concluded that in Lesotho, paper was the most
commonly generated waste in all the categories: domestic, industrial and commercial
establishments. Plastic was the second category of the most commonly generated waste,
which was followed by organic waste, and then, beverage cans. The study established that the
weighted average household generation rate for the surveyed areas was: 0.13 Kg per capita
day-I. In the same findings, it occurred that overall, households contribution to waste
generation in the surveyed areas ranked second to commercial establishments despite their
low per capita, in comparison with industrial establishments. The study has further concluded
that out of an estimated total quantity of 157552 tonnes per annum of waste generated in
Maseru, commercial establishments contributed 82%, while households contribute 15% and
industrial establishments 3%. Households generated more waste than industries because they were in large numbers and hence contributed more than fewer industries. It has also been
established that the household waste generation is dependent on incomes ofthese households,
but had poor relationship with regard to the number of persons per household. To this effect,
it was seen that high-income households generated more waste than low-income. The study
further showed that where the municipal council offered waste collection service, not all
recipients paid for this service. However, there was a general willingness- to- pay for the
waste collection service by all sectors, on condition that there was an improvement in the
offering of this service; and if made available where currently not offered. Furthermore, there
was a general indication of affordability for these services up to a certain amount (albeit
minimal) per different sectors. On the other hand, the information collected strongly indicated
the need to invest more in solid waste management if this would be a means of employment
creation and improvement of the environment.
On the overall, the study revealed that there was a low level of awareness on waste related
policy and regulatory instruments, and fragmented legal framework on waste management in
Lesotho. The study also established that currently, solid waste as an informal sector generated
an estimated profit of MO.7rnillion per annum from waste recycling related activities and that
this informal sector generated about 282 jobs. In addition to these benefits, the question of
solid waste as a source of biomass energy was another beneficial route in Lesotho. It has been
established that the combustible organic waste was highly sought after as a source of energy
for cooking and heating. However, besides the benefits, these activities also gave rise to some
adverse impacts. The waste harvesters expressed that their health had been negatively
impacted upon by the waste scavenging activities. Needless to suggest that there would be a
need by the government to intervene in this problem by formalising these waste harvesting
activities.
It is hoped that this study would serve as a reservoiur for the source of data and information
and for Lesotho and that other countries in the SADC Region shall fmd this document a
useful tool. / Theses (Ph.D.)-University of Westville, 2002.
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Examining the implications of poverty from the perspective of mothers and children living in urban, suburban, and rural communitiesNoel, Megan S. 06 July 2011 (has links)
Poverty, specifically child poverty, has been an area of great concern impacting
the United States for decades (Chen & Corak, 2008; Douglas-Hall & Chau, 2008; Fajth &
Holland, 2007; Germany, 2007; Raphael, 2005; Wight, Chau & Aratani, 2010; Wilson,
2010). This paper explores the differing views, experiences and perceptions of poverty
through interviews with three impoverished families: one child and mother each located
in an (1) urban (2) suburban and (3) rural community. By looking at children and parents
living in impoverished homes in diverse neighborhoods I sought to investigate the
societal, social, and emotional perceptions and experiences of children and parents living
in urban, suburban, and rural poverty. Children between the ages of 6 and 7 years old
were interviewed, as were their mothers, utilizing a qualitative, case study methodology.
Research found parental themes of overall concern regarding child well-being due to past
personal and peer experiences, a fear of the future, and the differences in variations of
family, community, and financial support. Child themes included an awareness of the
financial burdens of their families, knowledge of crime and violence and perceptions of
wealth and home. / Department of Elementary Education
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Urbanization, Food Security and Sustainable Development: A Challenge for BangladeshSayeed, Sanjidaa January 2014 (has links)
The thesis aimed to investigate the current situation of food security and initiatives by main actors in Dhaka, Bangladesh, with urban poor in focus. A qualitative study with the actors of food security and the urban poor is the basis of this research’s result complementing with previous studies on this topic. Income of the urban poor in Bangladesh is very low compare to the food price which is one of the main reasons why urban poor are not food secure in Dhaka city. There are many organizations working on income generating approaches in urban Dhaka but the work is too small to have an impact on the current situation of food security. Lack of social safety net is another reason identified for food insecurity in urban Dhaka. The government is provided low priced rice and wheat to the urban poor yet again this only covers 1 percent of the urban slums. Due to lack of resource sustainable development is not included in in the process of ensuring food security in urban Dhaka.
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The use of outdoor spaces in an informal settlement in Metropolitan Aba /Nwankama, Nwankama Wosu January 1993 (has links)
In spite of its spontaneous and improvised character, the informal sector has provided virtually the only appropriate housing, in terms of the organization of the outdoor space, for the urban poor of the developing countries. Through an analysis of the outdoor spaces in Eziukwu-Aba, a low-income and informal settlement in Aba, Nigeria, this thesis investigates the organization and mode of use of outdoor spaces, in relation to the day-to-day activities of the urban poor. It focuses on the patterns of outdoor spaces, the categories of activities found in them and the periods of time of the occurrence of the activities. / The findings of this study are compared with those of earlier studies, and the broader implications of these findings on contemporary low-income urban housing in the developing countries are briefly outlined. This study posits that for the urban low-income group of the developing countries, (a) usable space takes precedence over aesthetics and permanence and (b) housing and environmental quality in terms of construction standards are of little significance, compared with employment.
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Poor suburbs and poor health exploring the potential of a locational approach to reducing health disadvantage in Australian cities /Gethin, Anni. January 2007 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Western Sydney, 2007. / A thesis submitted to the University of Western Sydney, College of Health and Science, School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Includes bibliography.
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