The theme of this diploma thesis is "The Poverty in the Developing World", the poverty that not only less developed countries mainly in Africa, Asia and Latin America suffer from, but developed countries that are trying to help the developing world suffer from it as well. How much is that help important and what kind of help is crucial for the developed countries, that is the main subject of this thesis. The theoretical part is based on the available economic theories that solve the vicious circle of poverty in which these countries are trapped. Leading economists mentioned in the theoretical part are Thomas Malthus, whose study was one of the first, then Thomas Merrick, Albert Hirschman, and many others. The practical part deals with three countries, which connect the African continent - Somalia, Angola and Botswaa. Each of these countries is currently in a different situation, but their initial conditions were the same - the hole in the vicious circle of poverty. The conclusion of this work is a prediction of the future development of these countries and recommendations what direction they should go.

近年來，開發中國家由於技術落後，引發出許多相當嚴重之問題，諸如成本高昂、品質低劣，同時由於落後國家低生產力所導致低真實所得與低購買力，實無法產生足夠的投資誘因，造成了貧困的惡性循環現象(the vicious circle of poverty) ，因之有所謂技術差距(technical gap) 之，存在，而此問題不僅牽涉到科學與研究發展問題，同時亦須注意外來技術邁入之途徑。 本文主要目的，乃在於了解各國在引進技術與研究發展上所作之努力及其所獲成果情形，並試圖以實證資料來解說技術與經濟發展是否息息相關? 技術進步對台灣經濟發展究有多少貢獻? 同時探討在過去二十年來我國各種產業技術進步是屬中性，抑屬資本集約或勞動集約型態? 最後擬將我國技術進步情形與其他主要先進國家技術進步情形作一比較，冀能由此看出台灣今後在技術上所應努力之方向。 為了估測台灣技術進步之偏向與效果，本文共採用了四種分析方法。( 一 )R.Solow 非體現技術進步測定方法。( 二 )E.F. Denidion 非體現之殘差推算方法( 三 )R. Nelson 之體現技術進步方法。( 四 )利用CES 生產函數之技術進步測定方法。