Monthly water temperature profile series were taken in a near-shore harbor area of Lake Michigan near a fossil-fueled electric generating facility at Michigan City, Indiana. Profiles were recorded every 6 hours over 24 hours at monthly intervals from June through September, 1970. Zooplankton and macrobenthos were sampled monthly from stations at 2, 3 and 5 m depths in the heated-water discharge area in the harbor.A thermal plume was present during each sampling series. The extent of the plume varied and was capable of charging directions within short periods of time. Maximum recorded temperature in the plume was 28 C, but the maximum difference in temperature between plume and control area was only 4 C.Zooplankton species diversity was similar between experimental and control areas. Higher zooplankton densities were found in the harbor area but did not appear to be plume related. Benthos populations were lower in the experimental area compared to the control area. Any effect of the heated water in the harbor area was complicated due to the probable but unknown influence of water quality from Trail Creek.Ball State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306

Typescript. / Bibliography: leaves 130-136. / xiii, 136 leaves ill., maps

Thesis (M.Sc.) -- University of Adelaide, Department of Zoology, 1979.

Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 2010. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 113-118). Also available on the World Wide Web.

Thesis (Ph. D)--University of Wisconsin, 1971. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. "Literature cited": leaves 198-203.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1972. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 66-69).

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil Engineering, 1981. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ENGINEERING / Bibliography: leaves 121-123. / by John Taylor Kaufman. / M.S.

Stream ecosystems are increasingly at risk for thermal impairment as urbanization intensifies, resulting in more heated runoff from impervious cover that is less likely to be cooled naturally. While several best management practices, including bioretention filters, have been able to reduce thermal pollution, success has been limited. The extent of thermal mitigation required to prevent ecological damage is unknown. A calibrated runoff temperature model of a case study watershed in Blacksburg, VA was developed to determine the cumulative treatment volume of bioretention filters required to reduce thermal impacts caused by runoff from development in the watershed to biologically acceptable levels. A future build out scenario of the study watershed was also analyzed. Results from this study established that runoff thermal pollution cannot be fully reduced to goal thresholds during all storms using bioretention filter retrofits. While retrofitting significantly decreased temperatures and heat exports relative to the controls, increasing treatment volumes did not really enhance mitigation. Alternate thermal mitigation methods which actively remove runoff volume should be considered where more thermal mitigation is required. / Master of Science / Stream temperature is a significant ecological, biological, and chemical property affecting the long-term health of streams. However, as development intensifies, stream ecosystems are increasingly at risk of being damaged by thermal pollution, which causes warmer and less stable temperatures that distress aquatic organisms. While several stormwater management methods that reduce runoff-related pollution, known as best management practices (BMPs), were found to also decrease thermal pollution, their success has been limited. Furthermore, the extent of thermal mitigation required to prevent ecological damage is unclear. This study aimed to determine how much treatment by a popular BMP, the bioretention filter, was necessary across a watershed in Blacksburg, VA to adequately reduce thermal pollution to protect stream health. Mitigation impacts were tested on both existing and predicted future development conditions through model simulations. Results from this study established that thermal pollution from runoff cannot be fully reduced to goal thresholds consistently using bioretention filter retrofits. While retrofitting significantly decreased thermal pollution, increasing treatment volume did not considerably enhance mitigation. Results suggested that bioretention filters are not an effective method, and alternate thermal mitigation practices which actively remove runoff volume should instead be considered where intensive reductions in thermal pollution are necessary.

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A mathematical model is presented for the problem of determining the two-dimensional temperature distribution resulting from the discharge of a heated effluent into a shallow, quiescent receptacle. The physical model of the problem is the two-dimensional jet augmented by an imposed condition of viscous drag due to bottom friction effects. By virtue of the assumption that the physical properties of the effluent are independent of temperature over the operational temperature range of the plume, the analysis separates the total problem into a flow problem and a temperature problem. Solution of the temperature distribution is accomplished both analytically and numerically. Analytically, the temperature distribution is found through sequential integral solution of the equations defining the mathematical model, under the physical assumptions of a Gaussian flow distribution and the following relationship between the velocity and temperature distributions: [formula] where the subscript (max) denotes conditions along the jet centerline. Numerically, the equations defining the mathematical model are solved by a finite differencing technique implemented with the aid of an I.B.M. 360 digital computer. Comparison of the predictions of the model with the classical two-dimensional momentum jet indicate that the model is a reasonable approximation of the real physical problem. In addition, there is seen to be a critical dependence of the flow in the plume on the depth of the receptacle.