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Exercising the leg in a manner similar to running is theorized to have the potential effect of increasing performance and reducing occurrence of injuries in running athletes. Development of an exercise device that can help facilitate this method of specificity training could be beneficial to the sports community and should be investigated. Understanding the trajectory of the foot during the running gait is primary to further pursue this concept. 26 running athletes of varying characteristics participated in this study. Each subjects sex, age, weight, height, leg length, activity level and participation amount in their respective sport was recorded. Retro-reflective cameras captured the three-dimensional trajectory of each subjects right leg while running at speeds of 2, 3.8, 4.52 and 5.36 m/s for 10-15 seconds on a treadmill, respectively. The range of foot movement in each cardinal plane was determined for each speed. An ANCOVA revealed that leg length was the most determinate factor in trajectory range differences among subjects. Subjects were subsequently divided into quartiles based on leg length where further analysis revealed that foot displacement increased vertically and horizontally in the sagittal plane with increases in speed while trajectory in the third plane remained constant and substantially less in magnitude.

In this text I am investigating the relationship between craft, fine art and kitsch/popular culture through the making of a three-dimensional pattern in patchwork technique. I apply the investigation to my working technique by comparing certain examples of fine art pieces with kitsch items. A method that during the process was named Versus Associations. I have connected the art pieces and kitsch items through this method of associations based on their similarities in colors and composition. The aim of the pattern is to mediate color interactions that make up a visual illusion. I want to make the beholders curious of what is happening in the pattern and show that it can affect them physically. / <p>Due to copyright some pictures has been removed. Numbers, representing these pictures, with attached web links can be found in references.</p>

Transverse Flux Machines (TFM) present some interesting problems to the machine designer, electro-magnetically and mechanically. They offer the lure of an extremely high specific output, but only, apparently, at the price of intricate three dimensional flux paths, a complicated construction and a low power factor. The research covered by this thesis was concerned with the study, development and improvement of these machines with a view to reducing the detracting aspects of the marque whilst accentuating its advantages. Extensive three dimensional finite element analysis into a wide range of TFM topologies, was coupled with practical investigations into three prototype TFMs constructed at Newcastle University. The result of this work was an improved TFM topology with comparatively good power factor, a simple single sided geometry and a very high specific output.

Many clinically important applications require measurements on a large portion of the human body surface that may not be visible from a single view. For example, a single view may be insufficient for the measurement of a complete facial surface for facial plastic surgery. And observing breast surfaces from multiple views is needed in accurate breast volume measurement. On the other hand most 3D vision systems only recover 3D data from a single viewpoint and the recovered 3D data are often incomplete due to the occlusion problem and thus cannot uniquely define the surface. A unique and more complete description of the surface is necessary for most applications such as measuring area or volume and finding the best 3D registration between corresponding surfaces. This thesis describes a structured light based system for fast and noncontact 3D measurement of the human body from multiple views. A particular application of our system is the study of human lactation through measuring the breast surface and volume. Fast, accurate, non-contact, and biologically safe measurement is the key requirement in our application. We use structured light to fulfill the requirement. Based on the SHAPE system [4,3], a single view structured light system developed at Monash University, our system for breast volume measurement generates more complete 3D information on object surfaces by observing the object from more than one viewpoint. The breast volume is computed using the integrated data from all views. We present a simple method that performs 3D measurement from multiple views simultaneously. Combined with a camera and a projector, a mirror is used in the method to create an additional viewpoint to recover the occluded regions that are illuminated by the light source but were previously invisible to the camera. Images from the two views one directly seen by the camera and the other seen via the mirror are taken simultaneously. We develop the method for the purpose of achieving more complete measurements without increasing image capture time, which is very useful in situations where both speed and accuracy are important. The complete 3D description of the surface of objects requires the acquisition of several images from different vantage viewpoints. Each image contains information on the part of the object that is visible from its viewpoint. A very important task consists in the integration of the information present in each view. We have developed a two view system to achieve a more complete breast volume measurement. The system uses a stationary sensor at each view. Our system can largely eliminate the occlusion regions produced by a single view system and all data from different views are integrated into an object centered coordinate system and resampled by a single parametric grid. The system has been used to accurately measure short term changes in breast volume for lactating mothers. Currently, the system is also used to observe the breast volume change of pregnant women over many weeks' time.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Tufts University, 2003. / Adviser: Robert J. K. Jacob. Submitted to the Dept. of Computer Science. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 201-217). Access restricted to members of the Tufts University community. Also available via the World Wide Web;

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Oregon State University, 2008. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the World Wide Web.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available in electronic version.