Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) represents 80%-85% of thyroid cancer and its prevalence has been rising in the last decades. Primary thyroid lymphoma (PTL) accounts for 3% of extranodal lymphomas and about 5% of thyroid malignancies, having a prevalence of one or two cases per million people. Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue lymphoma represents approximately 30% of PTL. Both entities have an indolent course and a very good prognosis. Diagnosis is made by ultrasound and fine needle aspiration (FNA) or surgery specimen pathology. They have also been associated with HT, but pathogenesis and its links remains to be known. Treatment remains controversial and surgery is generally accepted in cases of disease limited to thyroid, as the present. Patients with thyroid nodules should be observed and followed. If there is an enlargement by ultrasound or clinical symptoms, FNA should be performed promptly. Patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) deserve additional surveillance, since this condition is associated with both PTC and PTL. In this case, the management with surgery and radioactive iodine ablation therapy was effective for both entities. Patients with thyroid nodules should be properly evaluated with ultrasound and thyroid function tests. If there is an enlargement of the neck, reported by symptoms or ultrasound, it requires further investigation. HT is associated to both PTC and PTL so if the enlargement of the nodules is on this context additional tests such as FNA should be performed. In this case, the patient was managed with surgery and radioactive iodine ablation therapy and it was effective for both entities. / Revisión por pares

Thesis--University of Göteborg. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 26-29).

Thesis--University of Göteborg. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 26-29).

A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in part fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Medicine in Internal Medicine. 1993. / Normal thyroid physiology and pathophysiOlogy with reference to non-thyroidal illness is reviwed, including infections, specific disease states and drugs and their effects on thyroid function tests. A review of the literature reveals that following almost any infection the serum T4 and T3 decrease as a result of diminished secretion of TSH and thyroxine, accelerated T4 disappearance, inhibition of hormone binding to transport proteins and decreased peripheral T4 to T3 conversion. [Abbreviated Abstract. Open document to view full version] / AC2017

by Kareen Kar-lit Wong. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--The Chinese University of Hong Kong. / Bibliography: l. 134-146.

No description available.

Abstract¡G Activating point mutations of the BRAF gene have been recently reported to be restricted to papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs) and anaplastic thyroid carcinomas (ATCs) arising from PTCs among various benign and malignant thyroid tumors. A thymine-to-adenine transversion at nucleotide 1799 (T1799A), formerly designated as T1796A, in exon 15 resulting in a valine to glutamate substitution at residue 600 (V600E), formerly designated as V599E, was the only mutational site reported in thyroid cancer. We have previously shown that BRAFV600E mutations were detected in 49 of 105 (47%) PTCs but not in 5 follicular thyroid carcinomas (FTCs), 10 follicular adenomas, 3 Hürthle cell adenomas and 10 nodular goiters. In contrast to PTC, to date only few studies have been published concerning the frequency of BRAFV600E in ATCs and their coexisting differentiated thyroid carcinomas. In addition, there is no report concerning the BRAF status in multiple PTCs. In this study, paraffin-embedded tumor tissues of 25 patients with thyroid cancer (15 ATCs and 10 PTCs) were obtained from the Department of Pathology of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung. Nine ATCs were found to contain a coexisting differentiated carcinoma, including three follicular and six papillary carcinomas. Ten cases of PTC with multiple tumor foci were selected from a cohort of 105 PTCs as previously reported. Paraffin blocks containing tumor were sectioned followed by microdissection to obtain tissue for DNA extraction. Mutational hot spot in exon 15 (codon 600) of the BRAF gene were amplified by PCR and sequenced with an automatic sequencer. BRAFV600E mutations were detected in 3 of 15 (20%) ATCs. In the 9 coexisting differentiated carcinomas, 2 out of 6 PTCs harbored BRAF mutations but not in the three follicular carcinomas. In none of 3 ATCs with coexisting PTCs were mutations detectable in both tumor types. Among the ten cases of PTCs with multiple tumor foci, 5 cases demonstrated the same BRAF status in each tumor foci whereas 5 cases showed distinct BRAF status in different tumor foci. We conclude that the distinct BRAF status in anaplastic carcinoma and its coexisting differentiated carcinoma suggests that anaplastic carcinoma might not arise from differentiated carcinoma.The distinct BRAF status in different tumor foci of multiple papillary carcinomas suggests that multifocal tumors might not be formed through intrathyroidal lymphatic metastasis.

Thesis--Catholic Univ. of America.

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