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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Influence of Maternal Thyroid Dysfunction on Infant Growth and Development

Wilson, Ronee Elisha 01 January 2013 (has links)
Thyroid dysfunction is one of the most common endocrine disorders in women of childbearing age and the obstetric consequences of abnormal thyroid hormone levels during pregnancy have been established. Less understood is the implication of the presence of maternal thyroid autoantibodies on infant outcomes among women who are euthyroid during pregnancy. The objective of this study was two-fold: 1) to examine the influence of antenatal thyroperioxidase (TPO) status on fetal/infant brain and body growth measurements at delivery and 2) to explore the relationship of antenatal TPO status and maternal postpartum thyroid dysfunction (PPTD) on early infant growth and neurocognitive development. Six-hundred thirty-one (631) euthyroid pregnant women were recruited from prenatal clinics in Tampa Bay, Florida and the surrounding area between November 2007 and December 2010. TPO status was determined during pregnancy and fetal/infant brain and body growth variables were assessed at delivery. A subsample of forty-one (41) mother-infant dyads participated in a 6-month longitudinal supplemental study. Infant growth assessments were conducted at 3, 4, 5 and 6 months postpartum. Regression analysis revealed maternal TPO positivity was significantly associated with smaller head circumference, reduced brain weight and lower brain-body-ratio; however maternal race/ethnicity was identified as an effect modifier in the relationship. No significant differences were noted in birth weight, birth length, abdominal circumference or chest circumference measurements among infants born to TPO positive mothers of any racial/ethnic group as compared to their negative counterparts. Mixed model analysis of the smaller subset (n=41) revealed infants of TPO+ mothers were smaller at birth but experienced accelerated growth between birth to 3 months when compared to infants born to TPO- mothers. This acceleration led to their catch-up in growth to their TPO negative counterparts by 3 months of age. No significant differences were noted in neurocognitive outcomes between infants born to TPO+ mothers compared to those born to TPO- mothers. The findings in this dissertation indicate that maternal/race ethnicity modifies the relationship between TPO positivity and reduced fetal/infant brain growth. Additionally, the analyses suggest that maternal autoantibody status could lead to variations in early infant growth and development. The end-result of these variations is unclear. Further research is needed to determine the potential impact of reduced head circumference and accelerated growth as it relates to long-term neurocognitive consequences. Currently, TPO antibody status is not assessed as part of the standard prenatal care laboratory work-up, but findings from this study suggest that fetal brain growth may be impaired by TPO positivity among certain populations, therefore autoantibody screening among high-risk sub-groups may be useful for clinicians to determine whether prenatal thyroid treatment is warranted.
2

Etude de l'hétérogenéite et de la maturation de la thyroperoxydase humaine

Le Fourn, Valerie 27 October 2005 (has links) (PDF)
La thyroperoxydase humaine (hTPO) est l'enzyme clé de la biosynthèse des hormones <br />thyroïdiennes, impliquées dans de nombreux processus biologiques. Cette hémo- <br />glycoprotéine membranaire de type I est exprimée à la surface apicale des thyrocytes où elle <br />exerce ses fonctions d'iodation de certains résidus de tyrosine de la thyroglobuline et de <br />couplage de ces iodotyrosines pour former les hormones thyroïdiennes T3 et T4. <br />Lors de sa biosynthèse, la hTPO subit des modifications post-transcriptionnelles par <br />épissage alternatif du précurseur de l'ARNm. Trois isoformes de l'enzyme étaient connues : <br />la TPO1 (ADNc complet), la TPO2 et la TPO3 engendrées par épissage alternatif des exons <br />10 et 16 du précurseur de l'ARNm de la TPO. Dans cette thèse, nous avons identifié et <br />quantifié par PCR, cinq nouvelles isoformes toutes induites par des épissages alternatifs : la <br />TPO4 (sans exon 14), la TPO5 (sans exon 8), la TPO6 (sans exons 10, 12, 13, 14 et 16), la <br />TPO2/4 (sans exons 10 et 14), et la TPO2/3 (sans exons 10 et 16). Ces isoformes sont plus ou <br />moins stables, actives ou non et transportées correctement ou non jusqu'à la membrane <br />plasmique. <br />Nous avons également démontré, comme pour d'autres cas de pathologie cancéreuse, <br />l'augmentation des phénomènes d'épissage alternatif de la hTPO en association avec une <br />diminution globale du taux d'expression transcriptionnel de la protéine dans les différents <br />types de cancers thyroïdiens. <br />La hTPO subit également des modifications co- et post-traductionnelles. Elle interagit <br />en particulier avec les « protéines chaperons » du réticulum endoplasmique (RE), qui aident <br />les protéines nouvellement synthétisées à se replier correctement et font partie du “contrôle de <br />qualité” du RE. On sait que la hTPO est largement retenue au niveau du réticulum <br />endoplasmique et subissait un processus de dégradation faisant intervenir d'une part le <br />protéasome et d'autre part des protéases du RE. Le repliement correct de la hTPO nécessite <br />des interactions avec la calnexine (CNX) et la calreticuline. Dans cette thèse, nous montrons <br />que la co-surexpression de la CNX et de ERp57, impliquée dans la formation des ponts <br />disulfures des protéines interagissant avec la CNX, n'augmente pas la proportion des formes <br />correctement repliées, ce qui suggère l'implication d'autres protéines chaperons et/ou de <br />catalyseurs de repliement dans le processus de maturation de la hTPO. Nous montrons qu'à <br />l'inverse de la CNX, l'interaction avec une autre protéine chaperon appelée BiP, diminue le <br />repliement de la hTPO et entraîne la protéine vers la dégradation, suggérant ainsi que BiP <br />pourrait être un des senseurs de la dégradation de la hTPO. <br />Nous avons aussi montré que la thyroperoxydase purifiée à partir de thyroïde humaine <br />ou exprimée dans les CHO subit un clivage endoprotéolytique dans sa partie N-terminale. <br />L'enzyme impliquée dans ce clivage appartient vraisemblablement à la famille des protéines <br />convertases, endoprotéases impliquées dans la maturation de nombreux précurseurs de <br />pro-récepteurs et glycoprotéines de surface. A l'instar d'une autre protéine de la famille des <br />peroxydases, la myéloperoxydase humaine, la proséquence de la hTPO agit comme une <br />protéine chaperon interne en facilitant le repliement correct de la protéine. <br />Ces résultats éclairent davantage notre connaissance des mécanismes impliqués dans la <br />maturation de la hTPO et expliquent l'hétérogénéité de la TPO exprimée dans la thyroïde <br />humaine.
3

Estudo de hormônios sexuais em células foliculares de tireoide humana em cultura primária

Santin, Ana Paula January 2012 (has links)
Os mecanismos etiopatogênicos que levam ao desenvolvimento dos nódulos e tumores da tireoide ainda não são bem conhecidos. É fato estabelecido que a prevalência dessas lesões é maior nas mulheres. Dessa forma, o que nos motivou a realizar esta Tese foi avaliar se os hormônios sexuais femininos tem efeito direto sobre as células de tireoide humanas normais podendo contribuir para a sua etiopatogenia. Este estudo teve como objetivos padronizar um modelo de cultura primária de células foliculares de tireoide humana normal e nesse modelo validar um gene normalizador após tratamento com estradiol e progesterona, avaliar os efeitos da progesterona na expressão dos genes NIS, TG e TPO bem como avaliar a expressão gênica e proteíca e a possível localização intracelular do receptor de membrana GPR30 nestas células. Em nosso modelo de cultura primária em monocamada, as células foliculares mantiveram sua morfologia cubóide característica e permaneceram diferenciadas o que foi evidenciado pela dosagem de tireoglobulina e T4 livre, no sobrenadante do meio de cultura, e pela identificação das proteínas TG e TPO por imunocitoquímica. A estimulação com progesterona aumentou a expressão dos genes NIS, TG e TPO, respectivamente, 1.78 (p=0.003), 1.50 (p=0.034) e 1.64 (p=0.018) vezes, quando comparadas ao grupo tratado somente com TSH. Essa estimulação da progesterona foi inibida por mifepristona sugerindo que a progesterona tem efeito direto nas células foliculares da tireoide e que esse efeito é mediado por seu receptor nuclear. A normalização da expressão gênica foi realizada pelo gene β-actina, o qual demonstrou uma maior estabilidade entre os grupos analisados. Demonstramos também que as células normais da tireoide expressam tanto o gene como a proteína do receptor de membrana GPR30 com possível localização na membrana celular e no espaço perinuclear. / The mechanisms leading to the development of thyroid nodules and tumors are not well established. As these lesions are more common in women, female sex hormones could be involved in the pathogenesis of these disorders. The objectives of this study were to establish a model of primary culture of normal human thyroid follicular cells, to validate a normalizing gene for qRT-PCR after treatment with estradiol and progesterone, to evaluate the effects of progesterone on the expression of genes NIS, TG and TPO, and to evaluate the GPR30 gene and protein expression as well as its possible intracellular location, in these cells. In our model of primary monolayer culture, follicular cells maintained their characteristic cuboid differentiated morphology; and had evidence of differentiated thyroid function: the production of thyroglobulin and free T4, and identification of TG and TPO proteins by immunocytochemistry . Adding progesterone to TSH increased NIS, TG and TPO mRNA, respectively, 1.78 (p=0.003), 1.50 (p=0.034) and 1.64 (p=0.018) folds, compared to the group treated with only TSH. This stimulation was inhibited by mifepristone, suggesting that progesterone has a direct effect on the thyroid follicular cells. Normalization of gene expression was performed using β-actin as reference gene. We have also demonstrated that normal thyroid cells expressed GPR30 gene and protein, which is possibly localized in the plasma membrane and the perinuclear region.
4

Estudo de hormônios sexuais em células foliculares de tireoide humana em cultura primária

Santin, Ana Paula January 2012 (has links)
Os mecanismos etiopatogênicos que levam ao desenvolvimento dos nódulos e tumores da tireoide ainda não são bem conhecidos. É fato estabelecido que a prevalência dessas lesões é maior nas mulheres. Dessa forma, o que nos motivou a realizar esta Tese foi avaliar se os hormônios sexuais femininos tem efeito direto sobre as células de tireoide humanas normais podendo contribuir para a sua etiopatogenia. Este estudo teve como objetivos padronizar um modelo de cultura primária de células foliculares de tireoide humana normal e nesse modelo validar um gene normalizador após tratamento com estradiol e progesterona, avaliar os efeitos da progesterona na expressão dos genes NIS, TG e TPO bem como avaliar a expressão gênica e proteíca e a possível localização intracelular do receptor de membrana GPR30 nestas células. Em nosso modelo de cultura primária em monocamada, as células foliculares mantiveram sua morfologia cubóide característica e permaneceram diferenciadas o que foi evidenciado pela dosagem de tireoglobulina e T4 livre, no sobrenadante do meio de cultura, e pela identificação das proteínas TG e TPO por imunocitoquímica. A estimulação com progesterona aumentou a expressão dos genes NIS, TG e TPO, respectivamente, 1.78 (p=0.003), 1.50 (p=0.034) e 1.64 (p=0.018) vezes, quando comparadas ao grupo tratado somente com TSH. Essa estimulação da progesterona foi inibida por mifepristona sugerindo que a progesterona tem efeito direto nas células foliculares da tireoide e que esse efeito é mediado por seu receptor nuclear. A normalização da expressão gênica foi realizada pelo gene β-actina, o qual demonstrou uma maior estabilidade entre os grupos analisados. Demonstramos também que as células normais da tireoide expressam tanto o gene como a proteína do receptor de membrana GPR30 com possível localização na membrana celular e no espaço perinuclear. / The mechanisms leading to the development of thyroid nodules and tumors are not well established. As these lesions are more common in women, female sex hormones could be involved in the pathogenesis of these disorders. The objectives of this study were to establish a model of primary culture of normal human thyroid follicular cells, to validate a normalizing gene for qRT-PCR after treatment with estradiol and progesterone, to evaluate the effects of progesterone on the expression of genes NIS, TG and TPO, and to evaluate the GPR30 gene and protein expression as well as its possible intracellular location, in these cells. In our model of primary monolayer culture, follicular cells maintained their characteristic cuboid differentiated morphology; and had evidence of differentiated thyroid function: the production of thyroglobulin and free T4, and identification of TG and TPO proteins by immunocytochemistry . Adding progesterone to TSH increased NIS, TG and TPO mRNA, respectively, 1.78 (p=0.003), 1.50 (p=0.034) and 1.64 (p=0.018) folds, compared to the group treated with only TSH. This stimulation was inhibited by mifepristone, suggesting that progesterone has a direct effect on the thyroid follicular cells. Normalization of gene expression was performed using β-actin as reference gene. We have also demonstrated that normal thyroid cells expressed GPR30 gene and protein, which is possibly localized in the plasma membrane and the perinuclear region.
5

Estudo de hormônios sexuais em células foliculares de tireoide humana em cultura primária

Santin, Ana Paula January 2012 (has links)
Os mecanismos etiopatogênicos que levam ao desenvolvimento dos nódulos e tumores da tireoide ainda não são bem conhecidos. É fato estabelecido que a prevalência dessas lesões é maior nas mulheres. Dessa forma, o que nos motivou a realizar esta Tese foi avaliar se os hormônios sexuais femininos tem efeito direto sobre as células de tireoide humanas normais podendo contribuir para a sua etiopatogenia. Este estudo teve como objetivos padronizar um modelo de cultura primária de células foliculares de tireoide humana normal e nesse modelo validar um gene normalizador após tratamento com estradiol e progesterona, avaliar os efeitos da progesterona na expressão dos genes NIS, TG e TPO bem como avaliar a expressão gênica e proteíca e a possível localização intracelular do receptor de membrana GPR30 nestas células. Em nosso modelo de cultura primária em monocamada, as células foliculares mantiveram sua morfologia cubóide característica e permaneceram diferenciadas o que foi evidenciado pela dosagem de tireoglobulina e T4 livre, no sobrenadante do meio de cultura, e pela identificação das proteínas TG e TPO por imunocitoquímica. A estimulação com progesterona aumentou a expressão dos genes NIS, TG e TPO, respectivamente, 1.78 (p=0.003), 1.50 (p=0.034) e 1.64 (p=0.018) vezes, quando comparadas ao grupo tratado somente com TSH. Essa estimulação da progesterona foi inibida por mifepristona sugerindo que a progesterona tem efeito direto nas células foliculares da tireoide e que esse efeito é mediado por seu receptor nuclear. A normalização da expressão gênica foi realizada pelo gene β-actina, o qual demonstrou uma maior estabilidade entre os grupos analisados. Demonstramos também que as células normais da tireoide expressam tanto o gene como a proteína do receptor de membrana GPR30 com possível localização na membrana celular e no espaço perinuclear. / The mechanisms leading to the development of thyroid nodules and tumors are not well established. As these lesions are more common in women, female sex hormones could be involved in the pathogenesis of these disorders. The objectives of this study were to establish a model of primary culture of normal human thyroid follicular cells, to validate a normalizing gene for qRT-PCR after treatment with estradiol and progesterone, to evaluate the effects of progesterone on the expression of genes NIS, TG and TPO, and to evaluate the GPR30 gene and protein expression as well as its possible intracellular location, in these cells. In our model of primary monolayer culture, follicular cells maintained their characteristic cuboid differentiated morphology; and had evidence of differentiated thyroid function: the production of thyroglobulin and free T4, and identification of TG and TPO proteins by immunocytochemistry . Adding progesterone to TSH increased NIS, TG and TPO mRNA, respectively, 1.78 (p=0.003), 1.50 (p=0.034) and 1.64 (p=0.018) folds, compared to the group treated with only TSH. This stimulation was inhibited by mifepristone, suggesting that progesterone has a direct effect on the thyroid follicular cells. Normalization of gene expression was performed using β-actin as reference gene. We have also demonstrated that normal thyroid cells expressed GPR30 gene and protein, which is possibly localized in the plasma membrane and the perinuclear region.

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