The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is the most frequently injured ligament of the knee with over 100,000 injuries occurring annually in the United States alone. Often referred to as a single ligament, anatomically the ACL is composed of two distinct bundles: anteromedial (AM) and posterolateral (PL) To date, the change in position of the AM and PL bundles in the frontal plane during internal and external rotation of the tibia have gone unreported. Therefore, the aim of this study was to quantify and compare the movements of a femoral, midpoint, and tibial marker located on the AM and PL bundles of the ACL during 15° of internal and external rotation, in the presence and absence of an anterior force. Significant differences were found between internal and external rotation for both bundles in the presence and absence of an anterior force. Moreover, the tibial marker had the greatest change in position.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the amount of change in transverse tibial rotation at the knee achieved through the use of shoe modification. In addition, an attempt to evaluate the Q-angle dynamically through the stance phase to reflect changes in transverse tibial rotation was made. Ten male subjects were filmed as they ran on a treadmill at a 2.82 m/sec pace and transverse tibial rotation data was collected simultaneously from an affixed electrogoniometer at the knee joint. The subjects were tested under three conditions: 1) barefoot, 2) running shoe, and 3) shoe plus standard orthotic. The results of the study showed that an unprescribed, standard orthotic was ineffective in changing foot pronation and transverse tibial rotation at the knee. It also showed that there was no relationship between leg-heel alignment measurements of pronation and electrogoniometric measurements of transverse tibial rotation. Q-angle measurements could not be obtained from the film date due to difficulty in visualizing body landmarks.